Endothelium-dependent relaxation differs in porcine pulmonary arteries from the left and right caudal lobes

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynelle R. Johnson ◽  
John R. Dodam ◽  
M. Harold Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Lower Drug ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Lung Lobes

We hypothesized that pulmonary arteries (PA) from identical branch orders within left and right caudal lung lobes would exhibit similar vasomotor responses. Arterial rings from caudal lung lobes of female swine were examined in vitro. Vascular smooth muscle contraction to KCl and norepinephrine did not differ. Vascular relaxation to endothelium-dependent (bradykinin, acetylcholine, A-23187) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside, zero-calcium Krebs solution) vasodilators was assessed. Right PA exhibited less maximal relaxation to acetylcholine (50%) than did left PA (69%; P< 0.001). Maximal relaxation to sodium nitroprusside did not differ, although right PA had a lower drug concentration resulting in half-maximal relaxation (6.26 × 10−8M) than did left PA (9.57 × 10−8 M; P< 0.05). Nitric oxide synthase inhibition with an arginine analog ( N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester) depressed acetylcholine-induced relaxation but the left vs. right difference persisted. Indomethacin enhanced relaxation to acetylcholine and abolished the difference between left and right. We conclude that endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is less in porcine right than in left PA because of greater release of one or more constricting prostanoids in arteries from the right caudal lobe.

scholarly journals Ventilation/perfusion mismatch during lung aeration at birth

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. R. Lang ◽  
James T. Pearson ◽  
Arjan B. te Pas ◽  
Megan J. Wallace ◽  
Melissa L. Siew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lung Aeration ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Pulmonary Shunting ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Right

At birth, the transition to newborn life is triggered by lung aeration, which stimulates a large increase in pulmonary blood flow (PBF). Current theories predict that the increase in PBF is spatially related to ventilated lung regions as they aerate after birth. Using simultaneous phase-contrast X-ray imaging and angiography we investigated the spatial relationships between lung aeration and the increase in PBF after birth. Six near-term (30-day gestation) rabbits were delivered by caesarean section, intubated and an intravenous catheter inserted, before they were positioned for X-ray imaging. During imaging, iodine was injected before ventilation onset, after ventilation of the right lung only, and after ventilation of both lungs. Unilateral ventilation increased iodine levels entering both left and right pulmonary arteries (PAs) and significantly increased heart rate, iodine ejection per beat, diameters of both left and right PAs, and number of visible vessels in both lungs. Within the 6th intercostal space, the mean gray level (relative measure of iodine level) increased from 68.3 ± 11.6 and 70.3 ± 7.5%·s to 136.3 ± 22.6 and 136.3 ± 23.7%·s in the left and right PAs, respectively. No differences were observed between vessels in the left and right lungs, despite the left lung not initially being ventilated. The increase in PBF at birth is not spatially related to lung aeration allowing a large ventilation/perfusion mismatch, or pulmonary shunting, to occur in the partially aerated lung at birth.

Asymmetrical Effect of GABA on the Postural Orientation inClione

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1673-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Deliagina ◽  
G. N. Orlovsky ◽  
A. I. Selverston ◽  
Y. I. Arshavsky
Keyword(s):  
Body Orientation ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Marine Mollusk ◽  
Left Group ◽  
Asymmetrical Effect ◽  
Postural Orientation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Clione Limacina ◽  
The Right

The marine mollusk Clione limacina, when swimming, normally stabilizes the vertical body orientation by means of the gravitational tail reflexes. Horizontal swimming or swimming along inclined ascending trajectories is observed rarely. Here we report that GABA injection into intact Clione resulted in a change of the stabilized orientation and swimming with a tilt of ∼45° to the left. The analysis of modifications in the postural network underlying this effect was done with in vitro experiments. The CNS was isolated together with the statocysts. Spike discharges in the axons of two groups of motoneurons responsible for the left and right tail flexion, as well as in the axons of CPB3 interneurons mediating signals from the statocyst receptors to the motoneurons, were recorded extracellularly when the preparation was rotated in space. Normally the tail motoneurons of the left and right groups were activated with the contralateral tilt of the preparation. Under the effect of GABA, the gravitational responses in the right group of motoneurons and in the corresponding interneurons were dramatically reduced while the responses in the left group remained unchanged. The most likely site of the inhibitory GABA action is the interneurons mediating signals from the statocysts to the right group of tail motoneurons. The GABA-induced asymmetry of the left and right gravitational tail reflexes, observed in the in vitro experiments, is consistent with a change of the stabilized orientation caused by GABA in the intact Clione.

Functional Asymmetry in Body Perception and Ocular Dominance: A Study of Their Interactions

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vezio Ruggieri ◽  
Chiara Bergerone ◽  
Alberto Cei ◽  
Carla Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Perceptual Error ◽  
Interesting Connection ◽  
Undergraduate Female ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The relationships between ocular dominance and body perception (for the left and right body halves) were examined for 41 undergraduate female psychology students. The results indicate an interesting connection between the two phenomena. The four groups of subjects classified on the basis of ocular dominance (right, left, fluctuating and no dominance) showed statistically significant differences on one aspect of body perception, measured by the ‘Difference Deviation Scores.’ Also three groups of subjects classified on the basis of body perception (subjects with major perceptual error on the left or on the right, and subjects showing no difference in perception of the two body halves) showed statistically significant differences in ocular dominance.

Effects of Stimulus Material on the Dichotic Listening Performance of Aphasic Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Niccum ◽  
Alan B. Rubens ◽  
Charles Speaks
Keyword(s):  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Sixteen aphasic patients were given five different verbal dichotic listening tests. The differences among results obtained on digit test, a high-contrast word test (perception of either vocalic or consonantal information was sufficient for accurate responses), and a vowel-word test (perception of vocalic information was required for accurate responses) were not significant. However, a consonant-word test resulted in significant decreases in both left- and right-ear scores and an increase in the difference in accuracy for the two ears. A consonant-vowel nonsense-syllable test produced further dramatic reductions in performance levels, and the magnitude of difference scores between ears was limited by low levels of performanse for the majority of patients. Attempts to identify relations between patterns of performance on dichotic listening tests and radiographic evidence of lesion location were most profitable when they involved the right-ear (RE) scores on the digit test. The discontinuity in the distribution of these scores corresponded to the presence or absence of damage to the geniculo-temporal system. That is, when the geniculo-temporal system was spared, the RE scores exceeded 75% correct, whereas damage to the geniculo-temporal system was associated with RE scores of less than 50% correct.

Extradural spinal angiolipoma associated with bone lysis in a dog

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Reif ◽  
CT Lowrie ◽  
SD Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Spinal Tumor ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bone Lysis ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

An extradural spinal tumor was diagnosed in a 12-year-old Labrador retriever that was presented with a one-week history of paraparesis. Myelography indicated a deviation of the spinal cord to the right side at the level of the second lumbar (L2) vertebra. The difference in length measuring the left and right sides of the L2 vertebra suggested a fracture of the vertebral body. Severe bone remodeling and an extradural mass were seen on computed tomography (CT). Clinical, radiographical, and histological findings are described and considered homologous to extradural angiolipomas described in the human literature.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma: A Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Kriz ◽  
Nabil A. Munfakh ◽  
Gregory S. King ◽  
Juan O. Carden
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Filling Defect ◽  
Intimal Sarcoma ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Pulmonary artery intimal sarcomas are rare and lethal malignant tumors that typically affect larger vessels: the aorta, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary arteries. Since symptoms and imaging of pulmonary arterial intimal sarcomas mimic pulmonary thromboembolism, the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with chest pain, dyspnea, and filling defect within the pulmonary arteries should include intimal sarcoma. Often right ventricular failure is observed due to pulmonary hypertension caused by the obstructive effect of the tumor and concomitant chronic thromboembolism. We report the case of a 72-year-old African-American male with arterial intimal sarcoma of the left and right pulmonary artery with extension through the right artery into the bronchus and right lung.

scholarly journals Developmental Brain Asymmetry. The Good and the Bad Sides

Symmetry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Monica Laura Cara ◽  
Ioana Streata ◽  
Ana Maria Buga ◽  
Dominic Gabriel Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Brain asymmetry is a hallmark of the human brain. Recent studies report a certain degree of abnormal asymmetry of brain lateralization between left and right brain hemispheres can be associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions. In this regard, some questions need answers. First, the accelerated brain asymmetry is programmed during the pre-natal period that can be called “accelerated brain decline clock”. Second, can we find the right biomarkers to predict these changes? Moreover, can we establish the dynamics of these changes in order to identify the right time window for proper interventions that can reverse or limit the neurological decline? To find answers to these questions, we performed a systematic online search for the last 10 years in databases using keywords. Conclusion: we need to establish the right in vitro model that meets human conditions as much as possible. New biomarkers are necessary to establish the “good” or the “bad” borders of brain asymmetry at the epigenetic and functional level as early as possible.

Design of a Novel Cavopulmonary Assist Device for Fontan Procedures: CFD, PIV, and Hydraulic Testing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Kennington ◽  
Steven Frankel ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Mark D. Rodefeld ◽  
Guruprasad A. Giridharan
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Fontan Procedure ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Hydraulic Testing ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Lung Resistance ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cavopulmonary Connection ◽  
Cavopulmonary Assist Device

Single ventricle heart disease is the leading cause of death for birth defects in children under one years of age [1]. The current surgical procedure requires the use of a shunt for the first stage of the surgery. The following surgeries remove the shunt but cannot be performed on a newborn due to higher lung resistance during the first weeks of life. The overall surgical process, known as the Fontan procedure, results in a reconstructed anatomy where the left and right pulmonary arteries are sutured to the superior and inferior vena cavae (SVC/IVC), hence bypassing the right heart. This anatomy is called a total cavopulmonary connection or TCPC.

Synchronization Error in Bilateral Simultaneous Flexion of Elbows

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nakamura ◽  
R. Taniguchi ◽  
Y. Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Warning Signal ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Sound Stimulus ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Synchronization Errors ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Using 7 left- and 7 right-handed subjects, the difference in time between left and right arms in the initiation of bilateral simultaneous flexion of elbows (synchronization error) was measured under three conditions: response to a sound stimulus with a warning signal, response to a sound stimulus without a warning signal, and self-initiated trial (option). The absolute value of synchronization errors depended upon experimental conditions. In conditions ‘with warning’ and ‘option’ the dominance shown in performance of left-handed subjects was the mirror-image of that shown by the right-handed subjects. The right biceps muscle responded faster in left-handed subjects and vice versa. Right-handed subjects showed rather a constant value in their dispersion of synchronization errors.

scholarly journals Canine hip extension range during gait

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Van der Walt ◽  
A.V. Stewart ◽  
K.E. Joubert ◽  
P. Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Hip Extension

Assessment of canine gait is frequently used by veterinary clinicians to establish the presence of orthopaedic pain. As up to 30 % of canine orthopaedic conditions affect the pelvic limb, knowledge of pelvic limb biomechanics during gait is very important. Previous studies have investigated the biomechanics at the tarsus and stifle, but little information is available regarding hip motion during gait. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum hip extension range achieved during the stance phase of gait in normal canines. In addition, this study aimed to determine the difference between maximum passive hip extension and maximum hip extension during gait. Using a sample of 30 morphologically similar normal dogs, mean maximum passive hip extension was measured using a goniometer and mean maximum hip extension range during gait was determined videographically. Inter- and intra-assessor reliability studies performed at the start of the study showed that the measurement tools and techniques used in this study were valid and reliable. The goniometric data showed that mean maximum passive hip extension range was 162.44° (±3.94) with no significant difference between the left and the right hind limbs. The videographic data showed that mean maximum hip extension range during gait was 119.97° (±9.26) with no significant difference between the left and right hind limbs. The results of this study provided reference values for active and passive hip extension range and showed that the degree of hip extension range required for normal gait is significantly less than maximum passive hip extension range.

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