Representation of climate change consequences in British newspapers

This article explores British newspaper descriptions of the impact of climate change across three time periods. It shows a reduction in representing the consequences of climate change as ‘out of human control’. It also shows a decrease in adopting alarming and uncertain descriptions within the centre-left group, whereas mocking the effects of climate change is a peculiarity of right-leaning narratives. The complexity of climate narratives produces a variety of representations of the consequences of climate change, which in turn might increase ‘uncertainty’ in public understanding of climate change.

Dosimetric Effects on skin of supine Immobilization Device in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for breast cancer: a retrospective study

BackgroundBreast immobilization devices are commonly used in supine breast radiotherapy while the dose perturbation effect is often overlooked in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for breast cancer (BC). This study is to assess the dosimetric effect of supine immobilization devices on skin with a commercial treatment planning system.Methods40 women with BC were divided into four groups according to the type of primary surgery, group A and B corresponding to patients with left and right BC after radical mastectomy, received a radiotherapy of 50 Gy in 25 fractions, group C and D corresponding to patients with left and right BC after breast-conservation surgery, received a prescription of 40.05 Gy in15 fractions and tumor bed simultaneous integrated boost to 45 Gy. A 0.2 cm thick skin contour and two sets of body contours were outlined for each patient. Dose calculations were conducted for the two sets of contours using the same plan, the dose difference was assessed by comparing the dose-volume histogram parameter results and by plan subtraction.ResultsThe supine immobilization devices for BC caused a significantly increase in the skin dose which may finally lead to skin toxicity. The mean dose increased by approximately 0.5 Gy and 0.45 Gy in left (group A) and right (group B) BC after radical mastectomy, 2.7 Gy and 3.25 Gy in left (group C) and right (group D) BC after BCS; corresponding to group A, B, C, D, the V10 of skin increased1.27%,1.83%, 1.36%, 2.88% ; the V20 of skin increased 0.85%, 1.87%, 2.76%, 4.86%; the V30 of skin increased 1.3%, 1.24%, 10.58%, 11.91%; the V40 of skin increased 1.29%, 0.65%, 10%, 10.51%. The dose encompassing of planning target volume, as well as the HI and CI, showed little distinction between plan- and plan+.ConclusionThe supine immobilization devices significantly increased the dose of skin, especially for patients with BCS. The immobilization devices should be included in the external contour to account for the dose attenuation and skin dose increment.Trial registrationThis is a retrospectively study and it has no intervention on human health care, so this study was not registered.

Pathomorphology of adaptive changes in the remaining kidney in the early postoperative period after nephrectomy

Objective. To study the adaptive capacity of a single remaining kidney in the early postoperative period of nephrectomy in an experiment. Materials and methods. The experiment involved 35 laboratory white rats, which were divided into three experimental groups. Group 1 (n = 5) intact animals, group 2 (n = 15) animals underwent nephrectomy on the left; group 3 (n = 15) animals underwent nephrectomy and additionally were created 90 minute hypoxic hypoxia. Histological material was collected on the 5th, 21st and 60th days after surgery. Results. Characteristic morphological changes in the only remaining kidney were an increase in the size of the glomeruli and a decrease in their number. Nephron fibrosis was detected, accompanied by increased production of antigens by the tubular epithelium, which is likely a response to a cascade increase in oxidative stress and increased release of cytokines that stimulate the production of intrarenal collagen. Conclusion. Nephrectomy and hypoxia are provocateurs for the development of systemic distress syndrome, the result of which is the formation of a vicious pathogenetic circle, which reduces the functionality of the renal tissue. This can be considered as one of the early preclinical mechanisms for the initiation of single kidney disease in the future.

Nil extensions of simple regular ordered semigroups

In this paper, nil extensions of simple regular ordered semigroups, left simple and right regular ordered semigroups, etc. have been characterized. Also, we describe the ordered semigroups which are complete semilattices of nil extensions of left simple and right regular ordered semigroups, left group like ordered semigroups, etc.

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Chapter 8 examines the role of the Communist Party, by far the largest Left group, during the 1930s and 1940s. It looks at the Party’s complex behavior, its many pluses and minuses, and its ties to the Soviet Union. In particular, it examines the role of CP activists as trade union militants and as the unabashed and unrelenting champions of civil rights, a role that distinguished them from the members of all other interracial organizations during this period. Yet it also looks at the Party’s role in demoralizing and destroying the left-wing movement in the 1930s and 1940s, even undermining many of the organizations and movements it had helped create, including those dedicated to civil rights.

Efektifitas Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) dan menyanyi terhadap tekanan darah lansia di rumpelsos pucang gading semarang

The result of statistical analysis obtained data on the average blood pressure inthe left group before being given the intervention of 173,76/96,41 while after being given the intervention of 170,29/93,82. On the singing group before being given intervention, the average of blood pressure of 153,06/87,41 and after being given intervention tobe 168/87. Camparative test results in both groups between before and after ihe invention were obtained p – value = 0,00 (p- value p < 0,05). Conclusion was spiritual emotional freedom techneque (SEFT) is more effective than singing to reduce the blood pressurenof the elderly with hypertension in social service home, Pucang Gading, Semarang. One of the body system disorders that is often experienced by the elderly. Namely the cardiovascular system such as hypertension. Hypertension of elderly can caused bad condition such as heartdiscase, stroke and kidney failure, there fore, intervention is needed to maintain blood pressure within normal himits.

Transitive modes

In this paper the connection between the right (left) invertible medial algebras and the right (left) group of binary operations is studied. As a consequence, we prove the structure results for transitive modes.

Computer Simulation of Human Mandibular Bone Structure by iBone, a Novel Reaction-Diffusion Bone Remodeling Model

Bone is a complex system with adaptation and repair functions. To understand how bone cells can create a structure adapted to the mechanical environment, we proposed a simple bone remodeling model, iBone, based on a reaction-diffusion system [1]. A 3-dimensional mandibular bone model consisting of approximately 1.4 million elements was constructed from sequential computer tomography (CT) images of a 14-year old female. Both teeth and bone were modeled with isoparametric voxel elements with Young's Modulus = 20 GPa and Poisson's ratio = 0.3. Both heads of the mandible were fixed allowing rotation and horizontal movement. Teeth were fixed vertically allowing horizontal movements. Incisor, right/left group, and right/left molar biting conditions were simulated. The locations and directions of muscles, and their forces were predicted from the CT images. Remodeling simulation was performed by 10 sets of finite element method analysis and reaction-diffusion remodeling simulation to obtain internal structure adapted to each loading condition. As a result, the major part of the corpus of the simulated mandibular bone showed similar internal structures under different biting conditions. Moreover, these simulated structures were satisfactorily similar to that of the real mandible. Computer simulation of three-dimensional bone structures based on CT images will be very useful for understanding the patho-physiological state of bone under various mechanical conditions, and may assist orthopedic doctors to predict the risk and efficacy of surgical therapies.

Asymmetrical Effect of GABA on the Postural Orientation inClione

The marine mollusk Clione limacina, when swimming, normally stabilizes the vertical body orientation by means of the gravitational tail reflexes. Horizontal swimming or swimming along inclined ascending trajectories is observed rarely. Here we report that GABA injection into intact Clione resulted in a change of the stabilized orientation and swimming with a tilt of ∼45° to the left. The analysis of modifications in the postural network underlying this effect was done with in vitro experiments. The CNS was isolated together with the statocysts. Spike discharges in the axons of two groups of motoneurons responsible for the left and right tail flexion, as well as in the axons of CPB3 interneurons mediating signals from the statocyst receptors to the motoneurons, were recorded extracellularly when the preparation was rotated in space. Normally the tail motoneurons of the left and right groups were activated with the contralateral tilt of the preparation. Under the effect of GABA, the gravitational responses in the right group of motoneurons and in the corresponding interneurons were dramatically reduced while the responses in the left group remained unchanged. The most likely site of the inhibitory GABA action is the interneurons mediating signals from the statocysts to the right group of tail motoneurons. The GABA-induced asymmetry of the left and right gravitational tail reflexes, observed in the in vitro experiments, is consistent with a change of the stabilized orientation caused by GABA in the intact Clione.