scholarly journals Assessment of macro and microvascular function in aging males

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Babcock ◽  
Lyndsey E. DuBose ◽  
Teresa L. Witten ◽  
Ashley Brubaker ◽  
Brian L. Stauffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Artery Flow

Aging is associated with reductions in endothelial function, observations primarily reported using brachial artery ultrasound. There is growing interest in the use of peripheral artery tonometry (PAT) of microvessels in the fingertip to assess endothelial function because it is less technically demanding and has a high sensitivity and specificity for assessing coronary endothelial function. Moreover, similar to brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD), PAT predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. However, the relation between PAT and FMD have yet to be examined in the context of aging. To address this question, reactive hyperemic index (RHI) using EndoPAT and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using brachial artery ultrasound were assessed after five minutes of forearm ischemia in twenty younger (18-40 years old; 29±4 years) and twenty older (60-75 years old; 65±4 years) healthy adult men. Higher values of both FMD and RHI indicate better endothelial function. Endothelial function assessed via brachial artery FMD was lower in older (4.8±2.1%), compared to younger (7.5±1.6%) men (p<0.001). In contrast, the RHI assessed via PAT was greater in older (2.2±0.6), compared to younger (1.8±0.5) men (p=0.014). FMD and RHI were not correlated (r=-0.15; p=0.35). We conclude that PAT may not be an appropriate measure to evaluate age-associated changes in endothelial function.

scholarly journals Vascular Endothelial Function in Midlife/Older Adults Classified According to 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Craighead ◽  
Kaitlin A. Freeberg ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Artery Flow

Background Impaired endothelial function is thought to contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with above‐normal blood pressure (BP). However, the association between endothelial function and BP classified by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines is unknown. Our objective was to determine if endothelial function decreases in midlife/older adults across the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines BP classifications and identify associated mechanisms of action. Methods and Results A retrospective analysis of endothelial function (brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation) from 988 midlife/older adults (aged 50+ years) stratified by BP status (normal BP; elevated BP; stage 1 hypertension; stage 2 hypertension) was performed. Endothelium‐independent dilation (sublingual nitroglycerin), reactive oxygen species–mediated suppression of endothelial function (∆brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation with vitamin C infusion), and endothelial cell and plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed in subgroups. Compared with normal BP (n=411), brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation was 12% ( P =0.04), 15% ( P <0.01) and 20% ( P <0.01) lower with elevated BP (n=173), stage 1 hypertension (n=248) and stage 2 hypertension (n=156), respectively, whereas endothelium‐independent dilation did not differ ( P =0.14). Vitamin C infusion increased brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation in those with above‐normal BP ( P ≤0.02) but not normal BP ( P =0.11). Endothelial cell p47 phox ( P <0.01), a marker of superoxide/reactive oxygen species–generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and circulating interleukin‐6 concentrations ( P =0.01) were higher in individuals with above‐normal BP. Conclusions Vascular endothelial function is progressively impaired with increasing BP in otherwise healthy adults classified by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. Impaired endothelial function with above‐normal BP is mediated by excessive reactive oxygen species signaling associated with increased endothelial expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and circulating interleukin‐6.

Effect of black tea consumption on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and ischaemia–reperfusion in humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim H.A. Schreuder ◽  
Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels ◽  
Arno Greyling ◽  
Richard Draijer ◽  
Maria T.E. Hopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
The Impact

Tea consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. Previous studies found that tea flavonoids work through direct effects on the vasculature, leading to dose-dependent improvements in endothelial function. Cardioprotective effects of regular tea consumption may relate to the prevention of endothelial ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. Therefore, we examined the effect of black tea consumption on endothelial function and the ability of tea to prevent IR injury. In a randomized, crossover study, 20 healthy subjects underwent 7 days of tea consumption (3 cups per day) or abstinence from tea. We examined brachial artery (BA) endothelial function via flow-mediated dilation (FMD), using high resolution echo-Doppler, before and 90 min after tea or hot water consumption. Subsequently, we followed a 20-min ischaemia and 20-min reperfusion protocol of the BA after which we measured FMD to examine the potential of tea consumption to protect against IR injury. Tea consumption resulted in an immediate increase in FMD% (pre-consumption: 5.8 ± 2.5; post-consumption: 7.2 ± 3.2; p < 0.01), whilst no such change occurred after ingestion of hot water. The IR protocol resulted in a significant decrease in FMD (p < 0.005), which was also present after tea consumption (p < 0.001). This decline was accompanied by an increase in the post-IR baseline diameter. In conclusion, these data indicate that tea ingestion improves BA FMD. However, the impact of the IR protocol on FMD was not influenced by tea consumption. Therefore, the cardioprotective association of tea ingestion relates to a direct effect of tea on the endothelium in humans in vivo.

scholarly journals High dietary sodium reduces brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in humans with salt-sensitive and salt-resistant blood pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1510-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan L. Matthews ◽  
Michael S. Brian ◽  
Meghan G. Ramick ◽  
Shannon Lennon-Edwards ◽  
David G. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Artery Flow

Recent studies demonstrate that high dietary sodium (HS) impairs endothelial function in those with salt-resistant (SR) blood pressure (BP). The effect of HS on endothelial function in those with salt-sensitive (SS) BP is not currently known. We hypothesized that HS would impair brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) to a greater extent in SS compared with SR adults. Ten SR (age 42 ± 5 yr, 5 men, 5 women) and 10 SS (age 39 ± 5 yr, 5 men, 5 women) healthy, normotensive participants were enrolled in a controlled feeding study consisting of a run-in diet followed by a 7-day low dietary sodium (LS) (20 mmol/day) and a 7-day HS (300 mmol/day) diet in random order. Brachial artery FMD and 24-h BP were assessed on the last day of each diet. SS BP was individually assessed and defined as a change in 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) of >5 mmHg between the LS and HS diets (ΔMAP: SR −0.6 ± 1.2, SS 7.7 ± 0.4 mmHg). Brachial artery FMD was lower in both SS and SR individuals during the HS diet ( P < 0.001), and did not differ between groups ( P > 0.05) (FMD: SR LS 10.6 ± 1.3%, SR HS 7.2 ± 1.5%, SS LS 12.5 ± 1.7%, SS HS 7.8 ± 1.4%). These data indicate that an HS diet impairs brachial artery FMD to a similar extent in adults with SS BP and SR BP.

scholarly journals Fluctuation in shear rate, with unaltered mean shear rate, improves brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in healthy, young men

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1687-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie M. Holder ◽  
Ellen A. Dawson ◽  
Áine Brislane ◽  
Jonny Hisdal ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Conduit Artery ◽  
Artery Flow

Increase in mean shear stress represents an important and potent hemodynamic stimulus to improve conduit artery endothelial function in humans. No previous study has examined whether fluctuations in shear rate patterns, without altering mean shear stress, impacts conduit artery endothelial function. This study examined the hypothesis that 30-min exposure to fluctuations in shear rate patterns, in the presence of unaltered mean shear rate, improves brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. Fifteen healthy men (27.3 ± 5.0 yr) completed the study. Bilateral brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was assessed before and after unilateral exposure to 30 min of intermittent negative pressure (10 s, −40mmHg; 7 s, 0 mmHg) to induce fluctuation in shear rate, while the contralateral arm was exposed to a resting period. Negative pressure significantly increased shear rate, followed by a decrease in shear rate upon pressure release (both P < 0.001). Across the 30-min intervention, mean shear rate was not different compared with baseline ( P = 0.458). A linear mixed model revealed a significant effect of time observed for flow-mediated dilation ( P = 0.029), with exploratory post hoc analysis showing an increase in the intervention arm (∆FMD +2.0%, P = 0.008), but not in the contralateral control arm (∆FMD +0.5%, P = 0.664). However, there was no effect for arm ( P = 0.619) or interaction effect ( P = 0.096). In conclusion, we found that fluctuations in shear patterns, with unaltered mean shear, improves brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. These novel data suggest that fluctuations in shear pattern, even in the absence of altered mean shear, represent a stimulus to acute change in endothelial function in healthy individuals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intermittent negative pressure applied to the forearm induced significant fluctuations in antegrade and retrograde shear rate, while mean shear was preserved relative to baseline. Our exploratory study revealed that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was significantly improved following 30-min exposure to intermittent negative pressure. Fluctuations in blood flow or shear rate, with unaltered mean shear, may have important implications for vascular health; however, further research is required to identify the underlying mechanisms and potential long-term health benefits.

scholarly journals Predictive value of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation on coronary artery abnormality in acute stage of Kawasaki disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhou Wen ◽  
Xianmin Wang ◽  
Yonghong Guo ◽  
Mei Jin ◽  
Jimei Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Coronary Aneurysm ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Coronary Artery Abnormality ◽  
Artery Flow

AbstractCoronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) are a severe complication of Kawasaki disease (KD) that may lead to cardiovascular events. Given the evidence that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) decreases in children after the onset of KD, we hypothesized that it could be an early marker of CAA development in the acute stage and investigated its relationship with variation in the coronary artery diameter. A total of 326 sex- and age-matched children were enrolled, including 120 with KD, 109 febrile children and 97 healthy controls. In this study, FMD was significantly decreased in the KD group compared with the febrile and healthy groups. FMD was lower in the CAA group than in the no coronary artery abnormality group. The comparison of FMD showed an obvious difference among the CAA subgroups. The FMD in the coronary aneurysm (CA) group showed a strong negative correlation with the pretreatment maximum coronary artery Z-score (preZmax). While preZmax was 2.5, the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated an optimal cutoff point of 3.44% for FMD. FMD ≤ 3.44% could be considered as a signal of coronary lesions in acute stage of KD.

scholarly journals Geographic Origin as a Determinant of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Juonala ◽  
Jorma S.A. Viikari ◽  
Mika Kähönen ◽  
Leena Taittonen ◽  
Tapani Rönnemaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Artery Flow

The effect of oral antioxidants on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation following 5 and 10 min of ischemia

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Harris ◽  
Steven K. Nishiyama ◽  
D. Walter Wray ◽  
Vince Tedjasaputra ◽  
Damian M. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Artery Flow

Abstract 319: Effects of Muscle Stretching on Flow-Mediated Dilation of Popliteal Artery in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Hotta ◽  
Wayne B Batchelor ◽  
James Graven ◽  
Vishal Dahya ◽  
Thomas E Noel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Muscle Stretching ◽  
Artery Disease

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) frequently have walking impairment due to lower extremity claudication. Our preliminary results in a rat model of aging indicate that a program of daily calf muscle stretching improves endothelium-dependent dilation of soleus muscle arterioles and increases soleus muscle blood flow during exercise. However, the effects of muscle stretching on the function of arteries supplying the legs of PAD patients is unknown. We hypothesized that daily calf muscle stretching improves vascular endothelial function and walking distance in PAD patients. To test our hypothesis, a randomized, non-blinded, crossover study was performed. Four weeks of muscle stretching (30 min/d, 5 days/wk) and 4 weeks of sedentary lifestyle (no stretching) were performed in random order. Thirteen patients with PAD participated in this study (71 ± 2 years old; 7 males and 6 females). During the stretching intervention both ankle joints were maintained at 15o of dorsiflexion using ankle dorsiflexion splints to stretch their calf muscles at home. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD; dilation to post-occlusion reactive hyperemia) and nitroglycerin-induced dilation (dilation to sublingual 0.4 mg nitroglycerin) of the popliteal artery were measured after 4 weeks of muscle stretching and after the no stretching period using ultrasound. A six-minute walk test was also performed to obtain walking distance. After 4 weeks of muscle stretching, FMD and 6-minute walking distance significantly improved as compared to the values measured after 4 weeks of no stretching (FMD: 5.2 ± 0.6 % vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 %, P=0.003 stretching vs. no stretching, 6-minute walking distance: 355 ± 32 m vs. 311 ± 31 m, P=0.007, stretching vs. no stretching; mean ± SE). No difference in nitroglycerin-induced dilation was found between groups (10.9 ± 1.4 vs. 9.9 ± 1.1 %, P=0.54, stretching vs. no stretching). Percentage change of walking distance (%change = [(stretching - no stretching) / no stretching] x 100) significantly correlated with the %change of FMD (R 2 =0.65, P=0.03). These results indicate that static calf muscle stretching enhances vascular endothelial function of the popliteal artery, contributing to improvement of walking tolerance in PAD patients.

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