Influence of sex steroid hormones on cerebrovascular function

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana N. Krause ◽  
Sue P. Duckles ◽  
Dale A. Pelligrino
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Hormonal Effects ◽  
Cerebrovascular Function ◽  
The Impact

The cerebral vasculature is a target tissue for sex steroid hormones. Estrogens, androgens, and progestins all influence the function and pathophysiology of the cerebral circulation. Estrogen decreases cerebral vascular tone and increases cerebral blood flow by enhancing endothelial-derived nitric oxide and prostacyclin pathways. Testosterone has opposite effects, increasing cerebral artery tone. Cerebrovascular inflammation is suppressed by estrogen but increased by testosterone and progesterone. Evidence suggests that sex steroids also modulate blood-brain barrier permeability. Estrogen has important protective effects on cerebral endothelial cells by increasing mitochondrial efficiency, decreasing free radical production, promoting cell survival, and stimulating angiogenesis. Although much has been learned regarding hormonal effects on brain blood vessels, most studies involve young, healthy animals. It is becoming apparent that hormonal effects may be modified by aging or disease states such as diabetes. Furthermore, effects of testosterone are complicated because this steroid is also converted to estrogen, systemically and possibly within the vessels themselves. Elucidating the impact of sex steroids on the cerebral vasculature is important for understanding male-female differences in stroke and conditions such as menstrual migraine and preeclampsia-related cerebral edema in pregnancy. Cerebrovascular effects of sex steroids also need to be considered in untangling current controversies regarding consequences of hormone replacement therapies and steroid abuse.

Sex steroid hormones enhance immune function in male and female Siberian hamsters

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. R207-R213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci D. Bilbo ◽  
Randy J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Siberian Hamsters

Immune function is better in females than in males of many vertebrate species, and this dimorphism has been attributed to the presence of immunosuppressive androgens in males. We investigated the influence of sex steroid hormones on immune function in male and female Siberian hamsters. Previous studies indicated that immune function was impaired in male and female hamsters housed under short-day photoperiods when androgen and estrogen concentrations were virtually undetectable. In experiment 1, animals were gonadally intact, gonadectomized (gx), or gx with hormone replacement. Females exhibited the expected increase in antibody production over males, independent of hormone treatment condition, whereas male and female gx animals exhibited decreased lymphocyte proliferation to the T cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) compared with intact animals, and this effect was reversed in gx hamsters following testosterone and estradiol treatment, respectively. In experiment 2, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol all enhanced cell-mediated immunity in vitro, suggesting that sex steroid hormones may be enhancing immune function through direct actions on immune cells. In experiment 3, an acute mitogen challenge of lipopolysaccharide significantly suppressed lymphocyte proliferation to PHA in intact males but not females, suggesting that males may be less reactive to a subsequent mitogenic challenge than females. Contrary to evidence in many species such as rats, mice, and humans, these data suggest that sex steroid hormones enhance immunity in both male and female Siberian hamsters.

scholarly journals A study on influence of different phases of menstrual cycle on hematological parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Vijayashri Basavaraj HANCHINAL ◽  
Ambhuja SAMBRANI ◽  
Vineet BALJOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fertile Women

Menstruation is the most common phenomenon observed in fertile women. Menstrual cycle (MC) is of 3 phases: proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstruation phase. It is controlled by endocrine system. Natural fluctuations in sex steroid hormones during MC causes changes in hematological parameters. The aim of the present study to assess the impact of different phases of MC on hematological parameters. The study was conducted in KIMS, Hubli, from 01st March 2011 to 31st March 2012. Women aged between 20-30 years with regular menstrual cycle of 27-30 days were included in the study. During each visit, the subjects’ blood was collected and analyzed using KX-21 SYSMEX for various hematological parameters. A total of 50 healthy young women were included in the study. On statistical comparing of hematological parameters, hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophil count and eosinophil count showed a significant difference while no statistically significant difference was observed in RBC, leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet count between different phases of MC. To conclude, the hematological parameters during the MC are highly dependent on the phasic changes in the immune response mechanism and sex steroid hormones.

scholarly journals PERAN ESTROGEN DAN PROGESTERON TERHADAP KANKER PAYUDARA

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Suparman ◽  
Eddy Suparman
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Breast Cells

Abstract: Sex steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone are the main compounds in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Due to the Woman’s Health Initiative report 2002, the use of these compounds was controversial. It was reported that these hormones increased the risks of stroke, coronary heart disease, venous thromboembolism, and breast cancer, especially if they were used for a long period of time. The role of sex steroid hormones in inducing or promoting breast malignancy is still not clearly understood. Hypothetically, the polymorphism in receptors and steroidogenesis in breast tissues are involved in promoting the proliferation of breast cells that may trigger carcinogenesis. Although there is a significant benefit in administration of HRT for the menopausal women, there are also probable risks due to this therapy. After prolonged debates and controversies about HRT, it is accepted that there is a significant increase in breast cancers due to the use of combined HRT after 3-4 years. Due to the adverse outcome, the use of hormone therapy must start from the lowest dose and for the shortest period of time.Keywords: hormone replacement therapy, estrogen, progesterone, breast cancerAbstrak: Hormon seks steroid estrogen dan progesteron merupakan kandungan utama dari terapi sulih hormone (TSH). Penggunaan kedua hormon tersebut mendatangkan kontroversi setelah Woman’s Health Initiative pada tahun 2002 melaporkan peningkatan risiko stroke, penyakit jantung koroner, venous thromboembolism dan kanker payudara terutama pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Peran hormon steroid seks dalam meningkatkan keganasan payudara belum jelas dipahami. Secara hipotetik, polimorfisme pada reseptor dan kemampuan steroidogenesis dari jaringan payudara berperan dalam meningkatkan proliferasi sel-sel payudara dan memicu karsinogenesis. Meskipun terdapat keuntungan bermakna dari penggunaan TSH pada wanita menopause, namun terdapat juga kemungkinan risiko yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Setelah melalui berbagai perdebatan dan kontroversi mengenai TSH, disepakati bahwa terdapat peningkatan bermakna dari keganasan payudara setelah 3-4 tahun menggunakan TSH kombinasi. Oleh karena efek samping tersebut maka penggunaan TSH harus dimulai dengan dosis yang serendah mungkin dengan durasi pemakaian yang sesingkat-singkatnya.Kata kunci: terapi sulih hormon, estrogen, progesteron, kanker payudara

scholarly journals Associations between female lung cancer risk and sex steroid hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Zhuoyu Yang ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
Female Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Published findings suggest sex differences in lung cancer risk and a potential role for sex steroid hormones. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of sex steroid hormone exposure specifically on the risk of lung cancer in women. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for female lung cancer risk associated with sex steroid hormones were calculated overall and by study design, publication year, population, and smoking status. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias, and subgroup analysis were performed. Results Forty-eight studies published between 1987 and 2019 were included in the study with a total of 31,592 female lung cancer cases and 1,416,320 subjects without lung cancer. Overall, higher levels of sex steroid hormones, both endogenous (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98) and exogenous (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.93), significantly decreased the risk of female lung cancer by 10% (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95). The risk of lung cancer decreased more significantly with a higher level of sex steroid hormones in non-smoking women (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) than in smoking women (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.77–1.03), especially in Asia women (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.96). Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals an association between higher levels of sex steroid hormone exposure and the decreased risk of female lung cancer. Surveillance of sex steroid hormones might be used for identifying populations at high risk for lung cancer, especially among non-smoking women.

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