Distribution and Function of GABAB Receptors in Spider Peripheral Mechanosensilla

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2571-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Panek ◽  
Shannon Meisner ◽  
Päivi H. Torkkeli
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Sensory Cell ◽  
Gabab Receptors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
And Function ◽  
Receptor Antibodies

The mechanosensilla in spider exoskeleton are innervated by bipolar neurons with their cell bodies close to the cuticle and dendrites attached to it. Numerous efferent fibers synapse with peripheral parts of the mechanosensory neurons, with glial cells surrounding the neurons, and with each other. Most of these efferent fibers are immunoreactive to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the sensory neurons respond to agonists of ionotropic GABA receptors with a rapid and complete inhibition. In contrast, little is known about metabotropic GABAB receptors that may mediate long-term effects. We investigated the distribution of GABAB receptors on spider leg mechanosensilla using specific antibodies against 2 proteins needed to form functional receptors and an antibody that labels the synaptic vesicles on presynaptic sites. Both anti-GABAB receptor antibodies labeled the distal parts of the sensory cell bodies and dendrites but anti-GABABR1 immunoreactivity was also found in the axons and proximal parts of the cell bodies and some glial cells. The fine efferent fibers that branch on top of the sensory neurons did not show GABAB receptor immunoreactivity but were densely labeled with anti-synapsin and indicated synaptic vesicles on presynaptic locations to the GABAB receptors. Intracellular recordings from sensory neurons innervating the slit sensilla of the spider legs revealed that application of GABAB receptor agonists attenuated voltage-activated Ca2+ current and enhanced voltage-activated outward K+ current, providing 2 possible mechanisms for controlling the neurons' excitability. These findings support the hypothesis that GABAB receptors are present in the spider mechanosensilla where their activation may modulate information transmission.

Abstract P138: Long-term Effects Of Severe Caloric Restriction To The Heart Function

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M De Souza ◽  
Jonathas Almeida ◽  
Nataliia Shults ◽  
Hong Ji ◽  
Kathryn Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Function

Severe caloric restriction (sCR) increases the risk for acute cardiovascular disease. Less understood are the long-term effects on cardiovascular disease risk after the sCR period has ended. We investigated the effects of sCR on heart structure and function months after refeeding (sCR-Refed). Female Fischer rats (3-months-old) were maintained on (CT) ad libitum or a 60% caloric restricted diet for 2 weeks. Thereafter, all rats received ad libitum chow for 3 months and they were analyzed by precision ultrasound to assess their heart function. After imaging, the animals were sacrificed and the hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) using a Langendorff preparation. After 2 weeks of sCR, rats lost 15% of their initial body weight (BW) [% (100*(Final-Initial/Initial)): CT, 1.5±0.8 vs sCR, -15.4±1.1; p<0.001;n=8]. After 3 months of refeeding, there was no detectable difference in BW between CT and sFR-Refed groups. Isolated hearts from the sCR-Refed rats exhibited worse myocardial pathology after I/R compared to CT rats. The parallel orientation of myofibers and striations normally present in cardiomyocytes was lost in sCR-Refed rats. Further analysis revealed uneven blood-filling of the microcirculatory vessels and prominent interstitial edema of the myocardium. Hearts from sCR-Refed rats had more atrophied cardiomyocytes than CT [Atrophied/Total (%): CT, 0.2±0.1 vs sCR-Refed, 50.6±1.1; p<0.001; n=5]. The number of arrhythmic events during a 30 min ischemic interval in isolated hearts doubled after 2 weeks on the sCR diet ( data not shown ) and remained doubled 3 months later [Arrhythmias (% of time): CT, 34±8 vs sCR-Refed, 68±9; p=0.02; n=8]. Ultrasound imaging showed no difference in stroke volume, coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular mass. However, the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall was significantly reduced in sCR-Refed rats [(mm): CT, 2.55 ±0.03 vs sCR-Refed, 2.10±0.04; p=0.002; n=4]. These findings indicate heart structure and function remained damaged months after the sCR period ended and BW was restored. These studies have adverse cardiovascular risk implications for who are subjected either voluntarily (crash diets) or involuntarily (very low food security) to periods of inadequate caloric intake.

Long-term cell culture of electrically active sensory neurons free of glial cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Rieske ◽  
Georg W. Kreutzberg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Glial Cells

Long-term effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with nadolol on hepatic and renal haemodynamics and function in cirrhotics

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gatta ◽  
M. Bolognesi ◽  
C. Merkel ◽  
G. F. Finucci ◽  
P. Angeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Haemodynamics ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of AposTherapy in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Two-Year Followup

Arthritis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaron Bar-Ziv ◽  
Eytan M. Debbi ◽  
Yuval Ran ◽  
Shaike Benedict ◽  
Nahum Halperin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knee Society Function Score

Several biomechanics treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA) have emerged with the goal of reducing pain and improving function. Through this, researchers have hoped to achieve a transition from the pathological gait patterns to coordinated motor responses. The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term effects of a therapy using a biomechanical device in patients with knee OA. Patients with knee OA were enrolled to active and control groups. The biomechanical device used in therapy (AposTherapy) was individually calibrated to each patient in the active group. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. Outcomes were the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Aggregated Locomotor Function (ALF), Short Form 36 (SF-36), and Knee Society Score assessments. The active and control groups were similar at the baseline (group difference in all scores ). The active group showed a larger improvement over time between groups in all three WOMAC categories (, 21.7, and 18.1 for pain, stiffness, and function; all ), SF-36 Physical Scale (; ), Knee Society Knee Score (; ), and Knee Society Function Score (; ). At the two-year endpoint, the active group showed significantly better results (all ). The groups showed a difference of 4.9, 5.6, and 4.7 for the WOMAC pain, stiffness, and function scores, respectively, 10.8 s in ALF score, 30.5 in SF-36 Physical Scale, 16.9 in SF-36 Mental Scale, 17.8 in Knee Society Knee Score, and 25.2 in Knee Society Function Score. The biomechanical therapy examined was shown to significantly reduce pain and improve function and quality of life of patients with knee OA over the long term.

Treatment of newborn rats with a VEGF receptor inhibitor causes pulmonary hypertension and abnormal lung structure

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. L555-L562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Le Cras ◽  
Neil E. Markham ◽  
Rubin M. Tuder ◽  
Norbert F. Voelkel ◽  
Steven H. Abman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Vegfr Inhibitor ◽  
And Function

To determine whether disruption of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor (VEGFR) signaling in the newborn has long-term effects on lung structure and function, we injected 1-day-old newborn rat pups with a single dose of Su-5416, a VEGFR inhibitor, or vehicle (controls). Lungs from infant (3-wk-old) and adult (3- to 4-mo-old) rats treated with Su-5416 as newborns showed reductions in arterial density (82 and 31%, respectively) and alveolar counts (45 and 29%) compared with controls. Neonatal treatment with Su-5416 increased right ventricle weight to body wt ratios (4.2-fold and 2.0-fold) and pulmonary arterial wall thickness measurements (2.7-fold and 1.6-fold) in infant and adult rats, respectively, indicating marked pulmonary hypertension. We conclude that treatment of newborn rats with the VEGFR inhibitor Su-5416 impaired pulmonary vascular growth and postnatal alveolarization and caused pulmonary hypertension and that these effects were long term, persisting well into adulthood.

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