scholarly journals The relationship between ERP components and EEG spatial complexity in a visual Go/Nogo task

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibin Jia ◽  
Huayun Li ◽  
Dongchuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Complexity ◽  
Complexity Level ◽  
The Relationship

The ERP components and variations of spatial complexity or functional connectivity are two distinct dimensions of neurophysiological events in the visual Go/Nogo task. Extensive studies have been conducted on these two distinct dimensions; however, no study has investigated whether these two neurophysiological events are linked to each other in the visual Go/Nogo task. The relationship between spatial complexity of electroencephalographic (EEG) data, quantified by the measure omega complexity, and event-related potential (ERP) components in a visual Go/Nogo task was studied. We found that with the increase of spatial complexity level, the latencies of N1 and N2 component were shortened and the amplitudes of N1, N2, and P3 components were decreased. The anterior Go/Nogo N2 effect and the Go/Nogo P3 effect were also found to be decreased with the increase of EEG spatial complexity. In addition, the reaction times in high spatial complexity trials were significantly shorter than those of medium and low spatial complexity trials when the time interval used to estimate the EEG spatial complexity was extended to 0∼1,000 ms after stimulus onset. These results suggest that high spatial complexity may be associated with faster cognitive processing and smaller postsynaptic potentials that occur simultaneously in large numbers of cortical pyramidal cells of certain brain regions. The EEG spatial complexity is closely related with demands of certain cognitive processes and the neural processing efficiency of human brain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The reaction times, the latencies/amplitudes of event-related potential (ERP) components, the Go/Nogo N2 effect, and the Go/Nogo P3 effect are linked to the electroencephalographic (EEG) spatial complexity level. The EEG spatial complexity is closely related to demands of certain cognitive processes and could reflect the neural processing efficiency of human brain. Obtaining the single-trial ERP features through single-trial spatial complexity may be a more efficient approach than traditional methods.

Event-Related Potentials and Cognitive Processing of Affectively Toned Words in Depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Antony Serfaty ◽  
Robert Bothwell ◽  
Richard Marsh ◽  
Heather Ashton ◽  
Robert Blizard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neurophysiological Basis

Abstract Background: Depressed subjects and euthymic controls demonstrate differences in cognitive processing and brain electrophysiology. Contingent negative variation (CNV) and postimperative negative variation (PINV) was used to investigate the relationship between cognition and cortical event related potentials. Method: Electrophysiological responses and memory of different personality trait adjectives were measured in 15 patients with major depressive disorder and 15 euthymic controls. The words were presented acoustically to elicit event-related potentials. The subjects were asked to indicate whether the words were self-referential. Responses were measured separately for self referential and non-self referential, neutral, positively and negatively toned words. Results: Depressed patients chose more negative and fewer positive words as self-referential, though no significant differences between groups in CNV magnitude for any of the words were found. Persistence of cortical negativity after the motor response (PINV) was significantly (P < 0.02) greater in patients for all non-self-referential words, and reaction times were significantly longer for all words. Recall of positive words and recognition of all words were significantly impaired in patients. Conclusions: Both electrophysiological measures and memory tests found differences between depressed patients and controls, suggesting that the PINV wave may be a useful electrophysiological probe to clarify the neurophysiological basis of cognitive processes.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive Psychometrics of Intelligence: How Measurement Advancements Unveiled the Role of Mental Speed in Intelligence Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Schubert ◽  
Gidon T. Frischkorn
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
The Relationship

More intelligent individuals typically show faster reaction times. However, individual differences in reaction times do not represent individual differences in a single cognitive process but in multiple cognitive processes. Thus, it is unclear whether the association between mental speed and intelligence reflects advantages in a specific cognitive process or in general processing speed. In this article, we present a neurocognitive-psychometrics account of mental speed that decomposes the relationship between mental speed and intelligence. We summarize research employing mathematical models of cognition and chronometric analyses of neural processing to identify distinct stages of information processing strongly related to intelligence differences. Evidence from both approaches suggests that the speed of higher-order processing is greater in smarter individuals, which may reflect advantages in the structural and functional organization of brain networks. Adopting a similar neurocognitive-psychometrics approach for other cognitive processes associated with intelligence (e.g., working memory or executive control) may refine our understanding of the basic cognitive processes of intelligence.

scholarly journals Neural responses associated with attentional engagement and disengagement from threat in high socially anxious children: Evidence from temporal-spatial PCA

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261172
Author(s):  
Erika Wauthia ◽  
Fabien D’Hondt ◽  
Wivine Blekic ◽  
Laurent Lefebvre ◽  
Laurence Ris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Electrophysiological Data ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement

Background Cognitive models indicated that social anxiety disorder (SAD) would be caused and maintained by a biased attentional processing of threatening information. This study investigates whether socially anxious children may present impaired attentional engagement and disengagement from negative emotional faces, as well as their underlying event-related potential responses. Methods and findings Fifteen children with high levels of social anxiety (HSA; 9 boys; mean age = 9.99y; SD = 1.14) and twenty low socially anxious children (LSA; 16 boys; mean age = 10.47y; SD = 1.17) participated in a spatial cueing task in which they had to detect targets following neutral/disgusted faces in a valid or invalid location. No group effect was reported on reaction times [p>.05]. However, electrophysiological data showed lower P3a amplitude in HSA children compared with the LSA group when processing facial stimuli. They also reported larger N2 amplitudes for valid-disgusted targets and a larger P3a amplitude for the invalid-disgusted ones. Conclusion In terms of electrophysiological data, our results validated, the hypothesis of attentional disengagement difficulties in SAD children. We also confirm the idea that high levels of social anxiety are associated with cognitive control impairments and have a greater impact on the processing efficiency than on the performance effectiveness.

Physiological Correlates of Behavioral Performance on the Mathematical Processing Subtest of the Cts Battery

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 770-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Yolton ◽  
Glenn Wilson ◽  
Iris Davis ◽  
Kathy McClosky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Peripheral Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

To assess the relationship between behavioral, subjective and physiological measures of mental workload, 10 adult subjects solved equations with 1,2 or 3 plus or minus operators (the Math Processing subtest of the CTS battery). Following extensive training, individual test sessions were held during which reaction times, subject workload ratings and a set of physiological measures were recorded. Reaction times and subjective workload ratings increased with the number of operators in the equations, but heart rhythm, eye blinks and peripheral temperature showed no systematic relationships to the number of operators. The P-300 event related potential decreased in amplitude and latency and a late positive component recorded at Cz decreased in amplitude and increased in latency as the number of operators in the equations was increased.

scholarly journals A machine learning approach for probing the unconscious: evidence for unconscious lie detection being more accurate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Spüler
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

This paper demonstrates a machine learning approach to the analysis of reaction times and shows how this approach can be used to probe different cognitive processes on a single-trial level. The probing method allows to measure how a stimulus is perceived, and when combined with priming, it allows to probe unconscious processes. The method is demonstrated on a publicly available dataset of a lie detection experiment, which provides evidence for unconscious lie detection being more accurate than conscious lie detection. It is further shown how this method can be used to predict human behavior, as a participant can be unconsciously probed to predict how the participant will respond consciously to a stimulus in the future.

scholarly journals Neural processing of working memory in adults with ADHD in a visuospatial change detection task with distractors

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gu ◽  
Zhong-Xu Liu ◽  
Rosemary Tannock ◽  
Steven Woltering
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
The Face ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are often characterized by deficits in working memory (WM), which manifest in academic, professional, and mental health difficulties. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of these presumed WM deficits, we compared adults with ADHD to their peers on behavioral and neural indices of WM. We used a visuospatial change detection task with distractors which was designed to assess the brain’s ability to effectively filter out distractors from WM, in addition to testing for effects of WM load. Twenty-seven unmedicated adults with ADHD were compared to 27 matched peers on event-related potential (ERP) measures of WM, i.e., the contralateral delay activity (CDA). Despite severe impairments in everyday life functioning, findings showed no difference in deficits in behavioral tests of working memory for adults with ADHD compared to their peers. Interestingly, there were differences in neural activity between individuals with ADHD and their peers showing that the CDA of individuals with ADHD did not distinguish between high, distractor, and low memory load conditions. These data suggest, in the face of comparable behavioral performance, a difference in neural processing efficiency, wherein the brains of individuals with ADHD may not be as selective in the allocation of neural resources to perform a WM task.

Reaction Time and Brain Waves in Omitted Stimulus Tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Hernández ◽  
Muriel Vogel-Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Somatosensory Stimuli

A missing stimulus task requires an immediate response to the omission of a regular recurrent stimulus. The task evokes a subclass of event-related potential known as omitted stimulus potential (OSP), which reflects some cognitive processes such as expectancy. The behavioral response to a missing stimulus is referred to as omitted stimulus reaction time (RT). This total RT measure is known to include cognitive and motor components. The cognitive component (premotor RT) is measured by the time from the missing stimulus until the onset of motor action. The motor RT component is measured by the time from the onset of muscle action until the completion of the response. Previous research showed that RT is faster to auditory than to visual stimuli, and that the premotor of RT to a missing auditory stimulus is correlated with the duration of an OSP. Although this observation suggests that similar cognitive processes might underlie these two measures, no research has tested this possibility. If similar cognitive processes are involved in the premotor RT and OSP duration, these two measures should be correlated in visual and somatosensory modalities, and the premotor RT to missing auditory stimuli should be fastest. This hypothesis was tested in 17 young male volunteers who performed a missing stimulus task, who were presented with trains of auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli and the OSP and RT measures were recorded. The results showed that premotor RT and OSP duration were consistently related, and that both measures were shorter with respect to auditory stimuli than to visual or somatosensory stimuli. This provides the first evidence that the premotor RT is related to an attribute of the OSP in all three sensory modalities.

The Relation Between Aerobic Fitness and Cognitive Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hao Wang ◽  
Chun-Ming Shih ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Attention Performance ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study aimed to assess whether brain potentials have significant influences on the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognition. Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data was collected from 48 young adults when performing a Posner task. Higher aerobic fitness is related to faster reaction times (RTs) along with greater P3 amplitude and shorter P3 latency in the valid trials, after controlling for age and body mass index. Moreover, RTs were selectively related to P3 amplitude rather than P3 latency. Specifically, the bootstrap-based mediation model indicates that P3 amplitude mediates the relationship between fitness level and attention performance. Possible explanations regarding the relationships among aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and brain potentials are discussed.

The Effect of Retest Practice on the Speed-Ability Relationship

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Rockstroh ◽  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Letter Comparison ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elementary Cognitive Tasks

Effects of four retest-practice sessions separated by 2 h intervals on the relationship between general intelligence and four reaction time tasks (two memory tests: Sternberg's memory scanning, Posner's letter comparison; and two attention tests: continuous attention, attention switching) were examined in a sample of 83 male participants. Reaction times on all tasks were shortened significantly. The effects were most pronounced with respect to the Posner paradigm and smallest with respect to the Sternberg paradigm. The relationship to general intelligence changed after practice for two reaction time tasks. It increased to significance for continuous attention and decreased for the Posner paradigm. These results indicate that the relationship between psychometric intelligence and elementary cognitive tasks depends on the ability of skill acquisition. In the search for the cognitive roots of intelligence the concept of learning seems to be of importance.

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