scholarly journals Mu-oscillation changes related to the development of anticipatory postural control in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Barlaam ◽  
Carole Fortin ◽  
Marianne Vaugoyeau ◽  
Christina Schmitz ◽  
Christine Assaiante
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Anticipatory Postural Control ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
The Right

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) cancel the destabilizing effects of movement on posture. Across development, the maturation of APAs is characterized by an accurate adjustment of the timing parameters of electromyographic (EMG) response. The study aimed at investigating the maturation of cortical oscillations involved in the improvement of APAs efficiency. Thirty-six healthy participants (8–16 yr) performed the bimanual load-lifting task in which subjects are instructed to lift a load, placed on the left forearm, with the right hand. EMG data were acquired over the biceps brachii on the postural arm to the determine EMG response onset. Electroencephalographic signals were analyzed in the time-frequency domain by convolution with complex Gaussian Morlet wavelets. Electrophysiological signature of APAs in children and adolescents consisted of a mu-rhythm desynchronization over the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the postural arm. Across development, the mu-rhythm desynchronization was characterized by a progressive shift forward of the onset of the desynchronization, lower amplitude, and velocity. These changes occurred along with an alteration of the timing of the EMG response, as shown by an earlier onset of the flexor inhibition with increasing age. The maturational changes in the Mu-oscillations might sustain the development of APAs. A possible role of the Mu-oscillation in the generation of postural command is discussed. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Across development, our study showed a progressive shift forward of the parameters of the mu-rhythm desynchronization. These changes occurred along with an alteration of the timing parameters of the electromyographic response, as shown by an earlier onset of the flexor inhibition with increasing age. The progressive development of APAs during childhood and adolescence might therefore be sustained by maturational electrophysiological changes that include mu-rhythm oscillation modifications in the postural sensorimotor cortex.

scholarly journals Development of central auditory processes in Polish children and adolescents at the age from 7 to 16 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
Rafał Milner ◽  
Małgorzata Ganc ◽  
Elżbieta Włodarczyk ◽  
Joanna Dołżycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Auditory Processes

AbstractThere are discrepancies in the literature regarding the course of central auditory processes (CAP) maturation in typically developing children and adolescents. The purpose of the study was to provide an overview of age – related improvement in CAP in Polish primary and secondary school students aged 7–16 years. 180 children/adolescents, subdivided into 9 age categories, and 20 adults (aged 18–24 years) performed the Dichotic Digit Test (DDT), Duration Pattern Test (DPT), Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Gap Detection Test (GDT) and adaptive Speech-in-Noise (aSpN). The 12-year-olds was retested after w week. We found the age effects only for the DDT, DPT and FPT. In the right ear DDT the 7-year-olds performed more poorly than all groups ≥12. In the left ear DDT both 7- and 8-year-olds achieved less correct responses compared with the 13-, 14-, 15-year-olds and with the adults. The right ear advantage was greater in the 7-year-olds than in the 15-year-olds and adult group. At the age of 7 there was lower DPT and FPT scores than in all participants ≥13 whereas the 8-year-olds obtained less correct responses in the FPT than all age categories ≥12. Almost all groups (except for the 7-year-olds) performed better in the DPT than FPT. The test-retest reliability for all tests was satisfactory. The study demonstrated that different CAP have their own patterns of improvement with age and some of them are specific for the Polish population. The psychoacoustic battery may be useful in screening for CAP disorders in Poland.

scholarly journals Two muscular variations in the elbow associated with the anterior interosseous nerve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Olewnik ◽  
Bartłomiej Szewczyk ◽  
Nicol Zielinska ◽  
Dariusz Grzelecki ◽  
Michał Polguj
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Ulnar Artery ◽  
Flexor Pollicis Longus ◽  
Main Band ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Pronator Teres ◽  
Anterior Interosseous Nerve ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe coexistence of different muscular-neurovascular variations is of significant clinical importance. A male cadaver, 76 years old at death, was subjected to routine anatomical dissection; the procedure was performed for research and teaching purposes at the Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz. The right forearm and hand were dissected using standard techniques according to a strictly specified protocol. The presence accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus may potentially compress the anterior interosseous nerve. The present case report describes a rare variant of the ulnar head of the pronator teres, characterized by two independent bands (i.e., two proximal attachments). The main band originates from the coronoid process and the second originates from the tendon of the biceps brachii. This type of attachment could potentially affect the compression of the ulnar artery running between the two bands. Additionally, the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus was observed, which started on the medial epicondyle; its coexistence with a high division median nerve creates a potential pressure site on the anterior interesosseous nerve.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary, Personalized, Lifestyle Intervention Program is Associated with Increased Leukocyte Telomere Length in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2682
Author(s):  
George Paltoglou ◽  
Christina Raftopoulou ◽  
Nicolas C. Nicolaides ◽  
Sofia M. Genitsaridi ◽  
Sofia I. Karampatsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention Program

Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is a robust marker of biological aging and is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. We investigated the effect of a structured, comprehensive, multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program of healthy diet and physical exercise on LTL in 508 children and adolescents (239 males, 269 females; 282 prepubertal, 226 pubertal), aged 10.14 ± 0.13 years. Participants were classified as obese (n = 267, 52.6%), overweight (n = 174, 34.2%), or of normal BMI (n = 67, 13.2%) according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoff points and were studied prospectively for one year. We demonstrated that LTL increased significantly after 1 year of the lifestyle interventions, irrespective of gender, pubertal status, or body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference was the best negative predictor of LTL at initial assessment. The implementation of the lifestyle interventions also resulted in a significant improvement in clinical (BMI, BMI z-score and waist to height ratio) and body composition indices of obesity, inflammatory markers, hepatic enzymes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and lipid profile in all participants. These findings indicate that the increased LTL may be associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and decreased morbidity later in life.

scholarly journals Health Inequalities in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7739
Author(s):  
Miriam Blume ◽  
Petra Rattay ◽  
Stephanie Hoffmann ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Lydia Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Scoping Reviews

This scoping review systematically mapped evidence of the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents (6–18 years) in countries with developed economies in Europe and North America. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Of the 12,403 records initially identified, 50 articles were included in the synthesis. The included studies were conducted in the United States (n = 27), Europe (n = 18), Canada (n = 3), or in multiple countries combined (n = 2). We found that mental health was the most frequently assessed health outcome. The included studies reported that different family characteristics mediated or moderated health inequalities. Parental mental health, parenting practices, and parent-child-relationships were most frequently examined, and were found to be important mediating or moderating factors. In addition, family conflict and distress were relevant family characteristics. Future research should integrate additional health outcomes besides mental health, and attempt to integrate the complexity of families. The family characteristics identified in this review represent potential starting points for reducing health inequalities in childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Gestationalism and the Rights of Adolescent Mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-254
Author(s):  
Teresa Baron
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Adolescent Parents ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Parental Rights ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Newborn Children

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the ways in which consideration of adolescent parents forces us to confront and question common presuppositions about parental rights. In particular, I argue that recognising the right of adolescent mothers not to be forcibly separated from their newborn children justifies rejecting the notion that parental rights are (a) all acquired in the same manner and (b) acquired as a ‘bundle’ of concomitant moral rights. I conclude that children and adolescents who conceive and give birth have some parental rights concerning their newborn children – in particular, the right not to be forcibly separated from those children – even if they do not have the ‘full complement’ of parental rights as we generally characterise these.

scholarly journals Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Evoked Potential Amplitudes and Latencies in the Motor and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex among Young, Older Healthy Participants, and Schizophrenia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Noda ◽  
Mera S. Barr ◽  
Reza Zomorrodi ◽  
Robin F. H. Cash ◽  
Pantelis Lioumis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Background: The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) allows for non-invasive investigation of cortical response and connectivity in human cortex. This study aimed to examine the amplitudes and latencies of each TMS-evoked potential (TEP) component induced by single-pulse TMS (spTMS) to the left motor (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among healthy young participants (YNG), older participants (OLD), and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods: We compared the spatiotemporal characteristics of TEPs induced by spTMS among the groups. Results: Compared to YNG, M1-spTMS induced lower amplitudes of N45 and P180 in OLD and a lower amplitude of P180 in SCZ, whereas the DLPFC-spTMS induced a lower N45 in OLD. Further, OLD demonstrated latency delays in P60 after M1-spTMS and in N45-P60 over the right central region after left DLPFC-spTMS, whereas SCZ demonstrated latency delays in N45-P60 over the midline and right central regions after DLPFC-spTMS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms mediating TEPs may be altered in OLD and SCZ. The amplitude and latency changes of TEPs with spTMS may reflect underlying neurophysiological changes in OLD and SCZ, respectively. The spTMS administered to M1 and the DLPFC can probe cortical functions by examining TEPs. Thus, TMS-EEG can be used to study changes in cortical connectivity and signal propagation from healthy to pathological brains.

scholarly journals Source Detection and Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor Cortex during Actual and Imaginary Limb Movement: A Preliminary Study on the Implementation of eConnectome in Motor Imagery Protocols

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alkinoos Athanasiou ◽  
Chrysa Lithari ◽  
Konstantina Kalogianni ◽  
Manousos A. Klados ◽  
Panagiotis D. Bamidis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Source Detection ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Real Hand

Introduction. Sensorimotor cortex is activated similarly during motor execution and motor imagery. The study of functional connectivity networks (FCNs) aims at successfully modeling the dynamics of information flow between cortical areas.Materials and Methods. Seven healthy subjects performed 4 motor tasks (real foot, imaginary foot, real hand, and imaginary hand movements), while electroencephalography was recorded over the sensorimotor cortex. Event-Related Desynchronization/Synchronization (ERD/ERS) of the mu-rhythm was used to evaluate MI performance. Source detection and FCNs were studied with eConnectome.Results and Discussion. Four subjects produced similar ERD/ERS patterns between motor execution and imagery during both hand and foot tasks, 2 subjects only during hand tasks, and 1 subject only during foot tasks. All subjects showed the expected brain activation in well-performed MI tasks, facilitating cortical source estimation. Preliminary functional connectivity analysis shows formation of networks on the sensorimotor cortex during motor imagery and execution.Conclusions. Cortex activation maps depict sensorimotor cortex activation, while similar functional connectivity networks are formed in the sensorimotor cortex both during actual and imaginary movements. eConnectome is demonstrated as an effective tool for the study of cortex activation and FCN. The implementation of FCN in motor imagery could induce promising advancements in Brain Computer Interfaces.

scholarly journals Frequency-Dependent Changes of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Finger Movements

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Sadato ◽  
Vicente Ibañez ◽  
Marie-Pierre Deiber ◽  
Gregory Campbell ◽  
Marc Leonardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Recruitment ◽  
Simple Movement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fast Rates ◽  
Significant Activation

To study the effect of the repetition rate of a simple movement on the distribution and magnitude of neuronal recruitment, we measured regional CBF (rCBF) in eight normal volunteers, using positron emission tomography and 15O-labeled water. An auditory-cued, repetitive flexion movement of the right index finger against the thumb was performed at very slow (0.25 and 0.5 Hz), slow (0.75 and 1 Hz), fast (2 and 2.5 Hz), and very fast (3 and 4 Hz) rates. The increase of rCBF during movement relative to the resting condition was calculated for each pair of movement conditions. Left primary sensorimotor cortex showed no significant activation at the very slow rates. There was a rapid rise of rCBF between the slow and the fast rates, but no further increase at the very fast rates. The right cerebellum showed similar changes. Changes in the left primary sensorimotor cortex and the cerebellum likely reflect the effect of the movement rate. The posterior supplementary motor area (SMA) showed its highest activation at the very slow rates but no significant activation at the very fast rates. Changes correlating with those in the SMA were found in the anterior cingulate gyrus, right prefrontal area, and right thalamus. The decreases in CBF may reflect a progressive change in performance from reactive to predictive.

NECROTISING SOFT TISSUE INFECTION OF BILATERAL UPPER LIMB CAUSED BY THE INJECTION OF ORAL BACTERIA: A CASE REPORT

Hand Surgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Yoshii ◽  
Tomoo Ishii ◽  
Shinsuke Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Soft Tissue Infection ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Tissue Infection ◽  
Left Elbow ◽  
The Right

Necrotising soft tissue infection is a rare and rapid process with devastating consequence. We report one case of necrotising soft tissue infection in a bilateral upper limb with uncommon oral bacteria. Radiological imaging revealed the presence of gas in upper limb soft tissues, and an MRI showed the localised signal changes in the biceps muscle of the right upper arm, and the subcutaneous tissue of the left elbow. The patient was treated with surgical resection of the infected muscle and wide debridement of the subcutaneous tissue. Antibiotics were initiated. The patient recovered immediately without functional deficit. The unique features of this patient were possible to observe in the progression of the necrotising soft tissue infection in the bilateral upper limb with intentional injection of oral bacteria, and the effect of biceps brachii resection in a prime age worker.

Probability assessment of facial nerve injury in children and adolescents during the elective maxillofacial surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
O. Z. Topolnitsky ◽  
E. D. Askerov
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
Facial Nerve Injury ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Center

Relevance. Various factors can cause facial neuropathy. Iatrogenic facial nerve injury in childhood and adolescence is a complicated medical, psychological and legal problem. Risk assessment of the facial nerve injury during the elective maxillofacial surgeries is required depending on the localization of the procedure. The statistical assessment is very important for the evaluation of the possible iatrogenic facial neuropathy in children and adolescents during the elective maxillofacial surgeries.Materials and methods. 715 medical records for 2017 from the Department of Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery of the MSUMD Clinical Center for Maxillofacial, Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery were analyzed.Results. There was a risk of injury to the trunk or branches of the facial nerve during surgery in 121 cases (16,9%) for the technical complexity of the surgical approach and the pathology location.Conclusions. There is a high risk of the facial nerve injury during the elective maxillofacial surgery in children and adolescents due to the complex anatomy of the area. Intraoperative neuromonitoring is recommended to prevent iatrogenic neuropathy of the facial nerve.

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