scholarly journals Sensory information from a slipping object elicits a rapid and automatic shoulder response

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103-1112
Author(s):  
Carlos R. Hernandez-Castillo ◽  
Rodrigo S. Maeda ◽  
J. Andrew Pruszynski ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Slip Direction ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Somatosensory Feedback ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Automatic Feedback ◽  
Feedback Responses

Humans have the remarkable ability to hold, grasp, and manipulate objects. Previous work has reported rapid and coordinated reactions in hand and shoulder muscles in response to external perturbations to the arm during object manipulation; however, little is known about how somatosensory feedback of an object slipping in the hand influences responses of the arm. We built a handheld device to stimulate the sensation of slipping at all five fingertips. The device was integrated into an exoskeleton robot that supported it against gravity. The setup allowed us to decouple somatosensory stimulation in the fingers from forces applied to the arm, two variables that are highly interdependent in real-world scenarios. Fourteen participants performed three experiments in which we measured their arm feedback responses during slip stimulation. Slip stimulations were applied horizontally in one of two directions, and participants were instructed to either follow the slip direction or move the arm in the opposite direction. Participants showed shoulder muscle responses within ∼67 ms of slip onset when following the direction of slip but significantly slower responses when instructed to move in the opposite direction. Shoulder responses were modulated by the speed but not the distance of the slip. Finally, when slip stimulation was combined with mechanical perturbations to the arm, we found that sensory information from the fingertips significantly modulated the shoulder feedback responses. Overall, the results demonstrate the existence of a rapid feedback system that stabilizes handheld objects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested whether the sensation of an object slipping from the fingers modulates shoulder feedback responses. We found rapid shoulder feedback responses when participants were instructed to follow the slip direction with the arm. Shoulder responses following mechanical joint perturbations were also potentiated when combined with slipping. These results demonstrate the existence of fast and automatic feedback responses in the arm in reaction to sensory input to the fingertips that maintain grip on handheld objects.

scholarly journals Sensory information from a slipping object elicits a rapid and automatic shoulder response

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos R. Hernandez-Castillo ◽  
Rodrigo S. Maeda ◽  
J. Andrew Pruszynski ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Slip Direction ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Somatosensory Feedback ◽  
Exoskeleton Robot ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Automatic Feedback ◽  
Feedback Responses

ABSTRACTHumans have the remarkable ability to hold, grasp, and manipulate objects. Previous work has reported rapid and coordinated reactions in hand and shoulder muscles in response to external perturbations to the arm during object manipulation; however, little is known about how somatosensory feedback of an object slipping in the hand influences responses of the arm. We built a hand-held device to stimulate the sensation of slipping at all five fingertips. The device was integrated into an exoskeleton robot that supported it against gravity. The setup allowed us to decouple somatosensory stimulation in the fingers from forces applied to the arm— two variables that are highly interdependent in real-world scenarios. Fourteen participants performed three experiments in which we measured their arm feedback responses during slip stimulation. Slip stimulations were applied horizontally, in one of two directions, and participants were either instructed to follow the slip direction, or to move the arm in the opposite direction. Participants showed responses within ∼67 ms of slip onset when following the direction of slip, but significantly slower responses when instructed to move in the opposite direction. Arm responses were modulated by the speed but not the distance of the slip. Finally, when slip stimulation was combined with mechanical perturbations to the arm, we found that sensory information from the fingertips significantly modulated the shoulder feedback response. Overall, the results demonstrate the existence of a rapid feedback system that stabilizes hand-held objects.NEW & NOTHEWORTHYWe tested whether the sensation of an object slipping from the fingers modulates shoulder feedback responses. We found rapid shoulder feedback responses when participants were instructed to follow the slip direction with the arm. Shoulder responses following mechanical joint perturbations were also potentiated when combined with slipping. These results demonstrate the existence of fast and automatic feedback responses in the arm in reaction to sensory input to the fingertips that maintain grip on hand-held objects.

scholarly journals Hemodialysis crossover study using a relative blood volume change-guided ultrafiltration control compared with standard hemodialysis: the BV-UFC study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Ookawara ◽  
Kiyonori Ito ◽  
Takayuki Uchida ◽  
Keito Tokuyama ◽  
Satoshi Kiryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Intradialytic Hypotension ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Automatic Feedback ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Relative Blood Volume

Abstract Background It has been difficult to sufficiently achieve body-fluid management using blood volume (BV) monitor during hemodialysis (HD) with constant ultrafiltration (UF) rate. Recently, a relative BV change-guided UF control (BV-UFC) system was developed by combining the concepts of an automatic feedback system that could control the UF rate and profile with real- time monitoring of relative changes in BV (%ΔBV). However, this system has limited application in the clinical setting. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to perform the crossover study on HD with BV-UFC compared to standard HD in terms of hemodynamic stability during HD. Methods Forty-eight patients entered an 8-week crossover period of standard HD or HD with BV-UFC. Prevalence of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) as a primary outcome and changes in blood pressure (BP), differences in %ΔBV, and achievement of the target ultrafiltration volume as secondary outcomes were compared. IDH was defined as a reduction in systolic BP ≥20 mmHg from the baseline value at 10 min after HD initiation. Results No significant differences were found in the prevalence of IDH, frequency of intervention for symptomatic IDH, and achievement of the target ultrafiltration volume between the groups. The %ΔBV was significantly fewer (-12.1 ± 4.8% vs. -14.4 ± 5.2%, p <0.001) in the HD with BV-UFC than that in the standard HD. Conclusions HD with BV-UFC did not reduce the prevalence of IDH compared with standard HD. The relief of a relative BV reduction at the end of HD may be beneficial in patients undergoing HD with BV-UFC. Trial Registration UMIN, UMIN000024670. Registered on December 1, 2016.

scholarly journals The Influence of Diabetes on Multisensory Integration and Mobility in Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Jeannette R. Mahoney ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
Claudene George
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Relationship Of

(1) Background: one out of every four adults over the age of 65 are living with diabetes, and this alarming rate continues to increase with age. Diabetes in older adults is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including sensory and motor impairments. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine whether diabetes influences the interplay between multisensory integration processes and mobility in aging. (2) Methods: in this cross-sectional observational study, we recruited 339 non-demented older adults (76.59 ± 6.21 years; 52% female, 18% with diabetes). Participants completed a simple reaction time test in response to visual, somatosensory, and combined visual-somatosensory stimulation. Magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration was computed and served as the independent variable. (3) Results: logistic regression revealed that presence of diabetes was inversely associated with the magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration (β = −3.21; p < 0.01). Further, mediation models revealed that presence of diabetes negatively influenced the relationship of visual–somatosensory integration magnitude with balance (95% CI −0.16, −0.01) and gait (95% CI −0.09, −0.01). Participants with diabetes and taking insulin (n = 14) failed to integrate sensory information entirely; (4) conclusions: taken together, results from this exploration provide compelling evidence to support the adverse effect of diabetes on both multisensory and motor functioning in older adults.

A Somatosensory Feedback System in 180nm CMOS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Hao ◽  
Hangxing Liu ◽  
Jan Van der Spiegel ◽  
Firooz Aflatouni
Keyword(s):  
Feedback System ◽  
Somatosensory Feedback

scholarly journals Augmenting Quadriplegic Hand Function Using a Sensorimotor Demultiplexing Neural Interface

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Ganzer ◽  
SC Colachis ◽  
MA Schwemmer ◽  
DA Friedenberg ◽  
CE Swiftney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Sense Of Touch ◽  
The Brain

AbstractBackgroundThe sense of touch is a key component of motor function. Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) should essentially eliminate sensory information transmission to the brain, that originates from skin innervated from below the lesion. We assessed the hypothesis that, following SCI, residual hand sensory information is transmitted to the brain, can be decoded amongst competing sensorimotor signals, and used to enhance the sense of touch via an intracortically controlled closed-loop brain-computer interface (BCI) system.MethodsExperiments were performed with a participant who has an AIS-A C5 SCI and an intracortical recording array implanted in left primary motor cortex (M1). Sensory stimulation and standard clinical sensorimotor functional assessments were used throughout a series of several mechanistic experiments.FindingsOur results demonstrate that residual afferent hand sensory signals surprisingly reach human primary motor cortex and can be simultaneously demultiplexed from ongoing efferent motor intention, enabling closed-loop sensory feedback during brain-computer interface (BCI) operation. The closed-loop sensory feedback system was able to detect residual sensory signals from up to the C8 spinal level. Using the closed-loop sensory feedback system enabled significantly enhanced object touch detection, sense of agency, movement speed, and other sensorimotor functions.InterpretationTo our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of simultaneously decoding multiplexed afferent and efferent activity from human cortex to control multiple assistive devices, constituting a ‘sensorimotor demultiplexing’ BCI. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that sub-perceptual neural signals can be decoded reliably and transformed to conscious perception, significantly augmenting function.FundingInternal funding was provided for this study from Battelle Memorial Institute and The Ohio State University Center for Neuromodulation.

Development of somatosensory responsiveness in the basal ganglia in awake cats

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Schneider ◽  
M. S. Levine ◽  
C. D. Hull ◽  
N. A. Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Skin Indentation ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Partially Restrained ◽  
Basal Ganglia Structures

Single-unit activity was recorded from the caudate nucleus (CD), globus pallidus, and entopeduncular nucleus (GP-ENTO) in awake, partially restrained kittens. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the ability of developing basal ganglia structures to process natural facial somatosensory information and compare this function to that observed in the adult. Somatosensory responsiveness in the CD and GP-ENTO developed slowly during the first three postnatal months. Somatosensory responsiveness had three major developmental trends in these nuclei: 1) The proportion of neurons responding to facial sensory stimulation increased with age; 2) proportionally, the area of face encompassing a receptive field of a neuron was smaller in adults than in young kittens; 3) qualitatively, adultlike responses to sensory stimulation did not appear until approximately three months of age. Units responsive to facial somatosensory stimulation in kittens under three months of age were very limited in the types of information they received. No specific stimuli parameters were encoded by these neurons. At approximately three months of age, units began to respond to varied stimuli (i.e., indentation of the skin as well as to brushing stimuli) and began to encode specific stimulus parameters such as direction of movement and relative location on the face. Kitten units responsive to skin indentation showed no evidence of encoding stimulus magnitude information. This was also true for the majority of adult basal ganglia neurons tested. The present findings suggest that the functions of the basal ganglia may be altered significantly during development. With increasing age, the basal ganglia may change from primarily a relay area for relatively nonspecific sensory information to an active processor of complex afferent information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document