scholarly journals The Influence of Diabetes on Multisensory Integration and Mobility in Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Jeannette R. Mahoney ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
Claudene George
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Relationship Of

(1) Background: one out of every four adults over the age of 65 are living with diabetes, and this alarming rate continues to increase with age. Diabetes in older adults is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including sensory and motor impairments. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine whether diabetes influences the interplay between multisensory integration processes and mobility in aging. (2) Methods: in this cross-sectional observational study, we recruited 339 non-demented older adults (76.59 ± 6.21 years; 52% female, 18% with diabetes). Participants completed a simple reaction time test in response to visual, somatosensory, and combined visual-somatosensory stimulation. Magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration was computed and served as the independent variable. (3) Results: logistic regression revealed that presence of diabetes was inversely associated with the magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration (β = −3.21; p < 0.01). Further, mediation models revealed that presence of diabetes negatively influenced the relationship of visual–somatosensory integration magnitude with balance (95% CI −0.16, −0.01) and gait (95% CI −0.09, −0.01). Participants with diabetes and taking insulin (n = 14) failed to integrate sensory information entirely; (4) conclusions: taken together, results from this exploration provide compelling evidence to support the adverse effect of diabetes on both multisensory and motor functioning in older adults.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress, telomere length, and frailty in an old age population

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Darío Martínez-Ezquerro ◽  
Aleida Rodriguez-Castañeda ◽  
Mauricio Ortiz-Ramirez ◽  
Sergio Sanchez-Garcia ◽  
Haydee Rosas-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging ◽  
Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate

AbstractBackgroundA global aging population requires focusing on the risk factors for unhealthy aging, preventive medicine, and chronic disease management. The identification of adverse health outcomes in older adults has been addressed by the characterization of frailty as a biological syndrome. On the other hand, oxidative stress and telomere length have been suggested as biomarkers of aging.ObjectiveTo study the association of oxidative stress, telomere length, and frailty in an old age population.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study based on 2015 data from 202 members from a cohort of older adults (n=202; gender F/M ratio: 133/69; mean age: 69.89 ± 7.39 years). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde. Telomere length was determined using qPCR with SYBR Green Master Mix.ResultsStatistical analysis showed an association between telomere length and frailty but no association between oxidative stress on telomere length or frailty.ConclusionsTelomere length could eventually be used as a marker to discriminate between healthy and unhealthy aging as expressed by frailty phenotype. However, oxidative stress seems as just a biological process of aging.

scholarly journals Stress and Nursing Home Adjustment: Mediation by Resourcefulness and Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
Huimin Xiao ◽  
Binbin Yong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Abstract Relocation to a nursing home is often assumed to be associated with stress for older adults. This study aimed to explore how stress affect psychological adjustment of nursing home residents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A sample of 386 nursing home residents was recruited from 11 nursing homes in Fujian Province, Southeast China. The Nursing Home Adjustment Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Resourceful Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale were adopted to collect data. The path analysis was used to analyze the relationship of stress, nursing home adjustment, resourcefulness, and self-efficacy. The results indicated that stress directly caused poor nursing home adjustment. It also indirectly affected nursing home adjustment through the mediators of resourcefulness and self-efficacy, respectively. Furthermore, chained mediation was found from stress to nursing home adjustment through resourcefulness, and then through self-efficacy to cope with the negative affect. The current study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of stress on nursing home adjustment in older adults. To improve their psychological adjustment, additional focus should be placed on enhancing resourcefulness and self-efficacy in nursing home residents.

Determinants of Suicidal Ideation among Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Mohammad Rostami ◽  
Seyed Jalal Younesi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study examined the relationship of depression and life satisfaction with suicidal ideation among older Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 159 older adults in Tehran (73% community-residing, 60 years or older) participated. The data were gathered using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSIZ). According to the results, depression and life satisfaction are significantly related to suicidal ideation; the two variables predict 0.39% of the variance of suicidal ideation in older adults ( p < .01). The interaction between depression and life satisfaction is a stronger predictor of suicidal ideation in older adults than each of the variables alone.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Back and Leg Pain and the Cross-Sectional Association with Adverse Health Outcomes in Community Dwelling Older Adults in England

Spine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Williamson ◽  
Maria T. Sanchez-Santos ◽  
Alana Morris ◽  
Angela Garrett ◽  
Oliver Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Perceived Neighborhood Environmental Factors Related to Sarcopenia in Urban-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 439-439
Author(s):  
Yuri Seo ◽  
Miji Kim ◽  
Hayoung Shim ◽  
Heeeun Jung ◽  
Seoyoon Jane Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Sarcopenia is common among older individuals and has adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about its association with neighborhood environmental factors. We explored the relationship between sarcopenia and neighborhood environmental factors among community-dwelling older adults aged 70–84 years in urban areas in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. There were 1,776 participants in this cross-sectional study (mean age 75.9±3.8 years, 54.1% women). Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia guidelines. The neighborhood environmental factors were assessed using the 17-item Environmental Module of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-E). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.5%. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders, compared to the 5th quintile of the IPAQ-E score, the odds ratio (OR and 95% confidence interval [CI]) for sarcopenia in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quintile were 2.14 (1.41-3.26), 1.70 (1.11-2.61), 1.76 (1.16-2.68) and 1.62 (1.07-2.47), respectively. Sarcopenia was associated with environmental factors including access to destinations (β = -0.015) and neighborhood safety (β = -0.008) (all p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, no access to public transportation (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.20-3.50), poor access to recreational facilities (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02-1.92), no presence of destination (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.07-2.21), hill hazard (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.77), and lack of safety from traffic (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.79) was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. Our study suggests that neighborhood environmental characteristics are associated with sarcopenia and better neighborhood environmental strategies can help prevent sarcopenia among older adults.

scholarly journals Fear of Falling in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Recent Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-394
Author(s):  
Scott MacKay ◽  
Patricia Ebert ◽  
Cathy Harbidge ◽  
David B. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Background  Fear of falling (FOF) is prevalent among older adults and associated with adverse health outcomes. Over recent years a substantial body of research has emerged on its epidemiology, associated factors, and consequences. This scoping review summarizes the FOF literature published between April 2015 and March 2020 in order to inform current practice and identify gaps in the literature.  Methods  A total of 439 articles related to FOF in older adults were identified, 56 selected for full-text review, and 46 retained for data extraction and synthesis.  Results  The majority of included studies were cross-sectional. Older age, female sex, previous falls, worse physical performance, and depressive symptoms were the factors most consistently associated with FOF. Studies that measured FOF with a single question reported a significantly lower prevalence of FOF than those using the Falls Efficacy Scale, a continuous measure. FOF was associated with higher likelihoods of future falls, short-term mortality, and functional decline.  Conclusions  Comparisons between studies were limited by inconsistent definition and measurement of FOF, falls, and other characteristics. Consensus on how to measure FOF and which participant characteristics to evaluate would address this issue. Gaps in the literature include clarifying the relationships between FOF and cognitive, psychological, social, and environmental factors. 

scholarly journals Life Satisfaction Among Filipino Older Adults Living in the Coastal Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Rhona Marie Caingles Noquiao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Social Provisions

Perhaps an all-encompassing aspiration of everyone who has ever walked the earth is to have lived his/her life to the fullest. However, the life experiences of each individual are the products of the decisions they make. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of older adults in Cabulijan, Tubigon, Bohol, Philippines’ self-esteem, social provisions received from other people, and relationships with other people to the level of their life satisfaction. Specifically, it sought to address the following queries: Is there a significant relationship between self-esteem, social provisions received from other people, and relationships with other people, and relationships with other people and the level of life satisfaction of older adults? Which of the factors of self-esteem, social provisions received from other people, and relationships with other people significantly contribute to the level of life satisfactions of older adults? Fifty respondents 65 years and older comprised the participants of this research. The method used was cross-sectional explanatory design. Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Spearman’s rank correlation were the statistical tools applied in this study. The findings clearly indicates support for the research hypotheses advanced in this study that posited the existence of a significant relationship between social provisions received from other people and relationships with other people, respectively, tended to manifest higher life satisfaction. This implies that the research participants with higher ratings of each of the Social Provisions received from other people and Relationship to Other people tend to maintain higher Life Satisfaction whereas Self-esteem has been found out to be of no significant relationship with Life Satisfaction. Abstrak Kepuasan Hidup di Antara Lansia Filipina yang Tinggal di Wilayah Pesisir. Kehidupan yang berkualitas merupakan dambaan semua orang. Namun, kesempatan tersebut tidak dapat dirasakan oleh semua orang karena pada hakikatnya, kehidupan yang berkualitas sangat bergantung pada pilihan hidup tiap individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara self-esteem pada lansia di Cabuljan, Tubigol, Bohol, Filipina, dukungan, dan hubungan sosial terhadap tingkat kepuasan hidup pada lansia. Penelitian ini juga berfokus menjawab beberapa pertanyaan penelitian sebagai berikut: apakah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara self-esteem, dukungan sosial, dan hubungan sosial serta tingkat kepuasan hidup pada lansia? Manakah di antara faktor-faktor, seperti self-esteem, dukungan, dan hubungan sosial yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepuasan hidup pada lansia? Sebanyak 50 responden dengan rentang umur 65 tahun ke atas bersedia untuk menjadi responden pada penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan ialah penelitian eksplanatori dengan desain cross-sectional. Kemudian, instrumen statistika penelitian yang digunakan ialah seperti frekuensi, persentase, rata-rata tertimbang, dan Spearman’s rank correlation. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa hasil penelitian mendukung hipotesa penelitian yang menyebutkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna pada dukungan dan hubungan sosial dengan kepuasan hidup yang tinggi. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa para responden dengan dukungan dan hubungan sosial yang tinggi memiliki kepuasan hidup yang tinggi juga, namun ditemukan juga bahwa self-esteem tidak memengaruhi tingkat kepuasan hidup pada lansia.Kata Kunci: dukungan sosial, hubungan sosial, kepuasan hidup, lansia, self-esteem 

scholarly journals Relationship of Fat Mass Index and Fat Free Mass Index With Body Mass Index and Association With Function, Cognition and Sarcopenia in Pre-Frail Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Aziz Merchant ◽  
Santhosh Seetharaman ◽  
Lydia Au ◽  
Michael Wai Kit Wong ◽  
Beatrix Ling Ling Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frail Older Adults ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Bmi

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) is an inadequate marker of obesity, and cannot distinguish between fat mass, fat free mass and distribution of adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, to assess cross-sectional relationship of BMI with fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI) and ratio of fat mass to fat free mass (FM/FFM). Second, to study the association of FMI, FFMI and FM/FFM with physical function including sarcopenia, and cognition in pre-frail older adults.MethodsCross-sectional study of 191 pre-frail participants ≥ 65 years, 57.1% females. Data was collected on demographics, cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], function, frailty, calf circumference, handgrip strength (HGS), short physical performance battery (SPPB) and gait speed. Body composition was measured using InBody S10. FMI, FFMI and FM/FFM were classified into tertiles (T1, T2, T3) with T1 classified as lowest and T3 highest tertile respectively and stratified by BMI.ResultsHigher FFMI and lower FM/FFM in the high BMI group were associated with better functional outcomes. Prevalence of low muscle mass was higher in the normal BMI group. FMI and FM/FFM were significantly higher in females and FFMI in males with significant gender differences except for FFMI in ≥ 80 years old. Small calf circumference was significantly less prevalent in the highest tertile of FMI, FM/FMI and FFMI. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and low physical function (HGS, gait speed and SPPB scores) were significantly higher in the highest FMI and FM/FFM tertile. Highest FFMI tertile group had higher physical function, higher MoCA scores, lower prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia, After adjustment, highest tertile of FFMI was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia especially in the high BMI group. Highest tertile of FM/FFM was associated with higher odds of sarcopenia. Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia.ConclusionFFMI and FM/FFM may be a better predictor of functional outcomes in pre-frail older adults than BMI. Cut-off values for healthy BMI values and role of calf circumference as a screening tool for sarcopenia need to be validated in larger population. Health promotion intervention should focus on FFMI increment.

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