Serotonergic modulation of evoked responses in turtle cerebellar Purkinje cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 3102-3113 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lu ◽  
L. J. Larson-Prior
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Response Amplitude ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Postsynaptic Potentials ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Bath Application ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle

1. Immunocytochemical studies of the turtle brain revealed the presence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) immunoreactive (5-HT-ir) processes in the granule and Purkinje cell layers, but not in the molecular layer (ML), of the cerebellar cortex. Immunoreactive axonal profiles were present throughout the granule cell layer (GCL) where they generally coursed in an anteroposterior direction and could frequently be seen to ascend toward the Purkinje cell layer (PCL). Occasional 5-HT-ir processes were observed adjacent to Purkinje cell somata. 2. The effects of exogenously applied serotonin on mossy fiber and parallel fiber evoked responses in turtle Purkinje cells were examined by use of intrasomatic and intradendritic recordings in an intact cerebellar preparation in vitro. 3. Bath application of serotonin (0.2–1.0 microM) produced a dose-dependent reduction in Purkinje cell membrane resistance, which was not correlated with changes in postsynaptic response amplitude. At 5-HT concentrations > 1.0 microM (0.01–5 mM), resistance values returned to control levels. No consistent changes in spike width or postspike afterhyperpolarization were seen in response to serotonin application, nor were endogenous pacemaker-like discharges affected. Firing rate, assessed as threshold response to depolarizing current injection (0.3–1.0 nA, 1 s duration), was increased in 51% and decreased in 40% of cells tested. 4. Single stimuli delivered to either the cerebellar peduncle or the GCL resulted in the activation of fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP). These responses were dose dependently reduced in amplitude by bath application of serotonin (0.2–1.0 microM). At concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 microM, the response amplitude following agonist application plateaued at approximately 70% of control value. With higher dose applications (0.5-5 mM) of serotonin, the response amplitude exhibited a steep reduction (from 65-10% of control value). 5. Brief trains of stimuli (5 stimuli, 50 Hz) delivered to either the cerebellar peduncle or the GCL resulted in the activation of slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (sEPSP). The peak amplitude of this response was unaffected by bath application of serotonin at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 microM. At higher concentrations (0.5–5 mM), the sEPSP peak amplitude was dose-dependently reduced, with the largest amplitude reduction seen after peduncular stimulation. 6. It is suggested that serotonin acts as a modulator of fast excitatory synaptic activity in the cerebellar cortex, while exerting little affect on slow excitatory events. The fact that serotonin preferentially affects fast excitatory transmission may have important implications for the integration of incoming sensory signals at both the granule and Purkinje cell level.

scholarly journals Purkinje Cell Collaterals Enable Output Signals from the Cerebellar Cortex to Feed Back to Purkinje Cells and Interneurons

Neuron ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens Witter ◽  
Stephanie Rudolph ◽  
R. Todd Pressler ◽  
Safiya I. Lahlaf ◽  
Wade G. Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex

scholarly journals Cerebellar nuclei excitatory neurons regulate developmental scaling of presynaptic Purkinje cell number and organ growth

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T Willett ◽  
N Sumru Bayin ◽  
Andrew S Lee ◽  
Anjana Krishnamurthy ◽  
Alexandre Wojcinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Scaling Down

For neural systems to function effectively, the numbers of each cell type must be proportioned properly during development. We found that conditional knockout of the mouse homeobox genes En1 and En2 in the excitatory cerebellar nuclei neurons (eCN) leads to reduced postnatal growth of the cerebellar cortex. A subset of medial and intermediate eCN are lost in the mutants, with an associated cell non-autonomous loss of their presynaptic partner Purkinje cells by birth leading to proportional scaling down of neuron production in the postnatal cerebellar cortex. Genetic killing of embryonic eCN throughout the cerebellum also leads to loss of Purkinje cells and reduced postnatal growth but throughout the cerebellar cortex. Thus, the eCN play a key role in scaling the size of the cerebellum by influencing the survival of their Purkinje cell partners, which in turn regulate production of granule cells and interneurons via the amount of sonic hedgehog secreted.

scholarly journals Cerebellar Cortex, Purkinje Cell Layer

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Wright ◽  
◽  
Lydia Ng ◽  
Angela Guillozet-Bongaarts
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Purkinje Cell Layer

Cerebellar cortex

2020 ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Edmund T. Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Synaptic Depression ◽  
Climbing Fibre ◽  
Regular Sampling

The cerebellar cortex appears to be involved in predictive feedforward control to generate smooth movements. There is a beautiful network architecture which suggests that the granule cells perform expansion recoding of the inputs; that these connect to the Purkinje cells via an architecture that ensures regular sampling; and that each Purkinje cell has a single teacher, the climbing fibre, which produces associative long-term synaptic depression as part of perceptron-like learning.

scholarly journals The Theories of Gerbrandus Jelgersma (1859–1942) on the Function of the Cerebellum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Voogd
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Parallel Fiber ◽  
Climbing Fibers ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Coordination System ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle

AbstractGerbrandus Jelgersma published extensively on the (pathological) anatomy of the cerebellum between 1886 and 1934. Based on his observations on the double innervation of the Purkinje cells, he formulated a hypothesis on the function of the cerebellum. Both afferent systems of the cerebellum, the mossy fiber-parallel fiber system and the climbing fibers terminate on the Purkinje cell dendrites. According to Jelgersma, the mossy fiber-parallel fiber system is derived from the pontine nuclei and the inferior olive, and would transmit the movement images derived from the cerebral cortex. Spinocerebellar climbing fibers would transmit information about the execution of the movement. When the Purkinje cell compares these inputs and notices a difference between instruction and execution, it sends a correction through the descending limb of the superior cerebellar peduncle to the anterior horn cells. Jelgersma postulates that this cerebro-cerebellar coordination system shares plasticity with other nervous connections because nerve cell dendritic protrusions possess what he called amoeboid mobility: dendritic protrusions can be extended or retracted and are so able to create new connections or to abolish them. Jelgersma’s theories are discussed against the background of more recent theories of cerebellar function that, similarly, are based on the double innervation of the Purkinje cells. The amoeboid hypothesis is traced to its roots in the late nineteenth century.

Dynamic Synchronization of Purkinje Cell Simple Spikes

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 3485-3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Lim Shin ◽  
Erik De Schutter
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Sharp Peak ◽  
Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

Purkinje cells (PCs) integrate all computations performed in the cerebellar cortex to inhibit neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Simple spikes recorded in vivo from pairs of PCs separated by <100 μm are known to be synchronized with a sharp peak riding on a broad peak, but the significance of this finding is unclear. We show that the sharp peak consists exclusively of simple spikes associated with pauses in firing. The broader, less precise peak was caused by firing-rate co-modulation of faster firing spikes. About 13% of all pauses were synchronized, and these pauses had a median duration of 20 ms. As in vitro studies have reported that synchronous pauses can reliably trigger spikes in DCN neurons, we suggest that the subgroup of spikes causing the sharp peak is important for precise temporal coding in the cerebellum.

scholarly journals Ameliorarting Action of Methylcaobalamin on Degenerated Cerebellar Molecular Cell Layer

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1567-1568
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaheer Amjad ◽  
Zaffar Malick
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Administration Methods

Background: Cerebellum the hindbrain is located in the posterior cranial fossa.The cerebellar cortex consists, of a gray matter and a white matter and the gray matter comprises of outer molecular layer, middle purkinje cell layer and inner most is the granule cell layer. The antimaniac drug lithium caused distortion to the outer molecular cell layer which was repaired and the damage was lessened by injecting the albino rats with Methylcobalamin. Aim: To observe and document the data of the restored thickness of molecular cell layer after Methylcobalamin administration. Methods: Eighteen albino rats were selected and were treated with lithium and Methylcobalamin for a period of 4 weeks. Results: The results showed regeneration and improved thickness of molecular cell layer stressing the need for educating our masses in dietary use of vitamin b12 and the consultants to prescribe Methylcobalamin in neuronal injuries. Conclusion: My study proved that the use of vitamin b12 is mandatory in strengthening and restoring the cerebellar molecular gray matter. Keywords: Cerebellar molecular cell layer,Degeneration, Regeneration

scholarly journals Differential Purkinje cell simple spike activity and pausing behavior related to cerebellar modules

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 2524-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Zhou ◽  
Kai Voges ◽  
Zhanmin Lin ◽  
Chiheng Ju ◽  
Martijn Schonewille
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Simple Spike ◽  
Transverse Zone ◽  
Cerebellar Modules ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

The massive computational capacity of the cerebellar cortex is conveyed by Purkinje cells onto cerebellar and vestibular nuclei neurons through their GABAergic, inhibitory output. This implies that pauses in Purkinje cell simple spike activity are potentially instrumental in cerebellar information processing, but their occurrence and extent are still heavily debated. The cerebellar cortex, although often treated as such, is not homogeneous. Cerebellar modules with distinct anatomical connectivity and gene expression have been described, and Purkinje cells in these modules also differ in firing rate of simple and complex spikes. In this study we systematically correlate, in awake mice, the pausing in simple spike activity of Purkinje cells recorded throughout the entire cerebellum, with their location in terms of lobule, transverse zone, and zebrin-identified cerebellar module. A subset of Purkinje cells displayed long (>500-ms) pauses, but we found that their occurrence correlated with tissue damage and lower temperature. In contrast to long pauses, short pauses (<500 ms) and the shape of the interspike interval (ISI) distributions can differ between Purkinje cells of different lobules and cerebellar modules. In fact, the ISI distributions can differ both between and within populations of Purkinje cells with the same zebrin identity, and these differences are at least in part caused by differential synaptic inputs. Our results suggest that long pauses are rare but that there are differences related to shorter intersimple spike intervals between and within specific subsets of Purkinje cells, indicating a potential further segregation in the activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells.

Correlations Between Purkinje Cell Single-Unit Activity and Simultaneously Recorded Field Potentials in the Immediately Underlying Granule Cell Layer

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1849-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huo Lu ◽  
Mitra J. Hartmann ◽  
James M. Bower
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Cell Axon

Evidence from both anatomical and physiological studies suggests that the ascending segment of the granule cell axon provides a large, driving input to overlying Purkinje cells. In the current experiments, we used dual recording electrodes to simultaneously record spike activity of Purkinje cells and multiunit field potential activity in the directly underlying granule cell layer. These dual recordings were performed both during periods of spontaneous (“background”) firing and also after peripheral tactile stimulation. The results demonstrate that in the large majority of cases, there is a strong positive correlation between spontaneous Purkinje cell simple spikes and spontaneous activity in the immediately underlying granule cell layer. The strength of this correlation was dependent on both the firing rate of the Purkinje cell as well as on the rate of granule cell layer multiunit activity. In addition, for any given pair of recordings, the correlation seen during spontaneous activity accurately predicted the magnitude and time course of responses evoked by peripheral tactile stimulation. These results provide additional evidence that the synapses associated with the ascending segment of the granule cell axon have a substantial influence on Purkinje cell output. This relationship is considered in the context of our ongoing reevaluation of the physiological relationship between cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells.

HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PAS-POSITIVE INCLUSIONS IN THE PURKINJE CELL OF THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX IN THE ADULT CAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Chouinard
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
Dendritic Branches

A chemical analysis of the PAS-positive inclusions present in the Purkinje cell of the adult cat has been attempted utilizing various accepted histochemical procedures. Two distinct types of inclusions have been identified. The inclusions of the first type are present m the Purkinje cells of all investigated animals and appear as isolated granules distributed more or less at random within the pericaryone and the primary dendritic branches; these granules exhibit the histochemical characteristics of a neutral mucopolysaccharide. The inclusions of the second type are present in the Purkinje cells of only 9 of the 22 investigated animals and appear as granules grouped into clusters of varying size and shape usually located in the upper half portion of the pericaryone and also within the primary dendritic branches; these granules contain not only a mucopolysaccharide but also a lipid and a protein fraction. This mucopolysaccharide–lipid–protein complex exhibits the physical properties and the staining reactions of the lipofuscin pigments.

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