PET Study of Pointing With Visual Feedback of Moving Hands

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Inoue ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima ◽  
Kazunori Satoh ◽  
Shigeo Kinomura ◽  
Ryoi Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Reaching Tasks ◽  
Green Led ◽  
The Right

Inoue, Kentaro, Ryuta Kawashima, Kazunori Satoh, Shigeo Kinomura, Ryoi Goto, Masamichi Koyama, Motoaki Sugiura, Masatoshi Ito, and Hiroshi Fukuda. PET study of pointing with visual feedback of moving hands. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 117–125, 1998. This study was conducted to determine where in the human brain visual feedback of hand movements is processed to allow accurate pointing. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and H2 15O in nine normal volunteers while performing one control and two reaching tasks. In all tasks, visual stimuli were presented on a head mounted display (HMD). A target board was placed in front of the subjects bearing six red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) aligned on a circle with a green LED at its center. The center green LED and one of the six red LEDs, randomly selected, were repeatedly switched on and off, alternatively. In the control task, subjects were instructed to gaze at the lit LED. In the two reaching tasks, the reaching with visual feedback (RwithF) task and the reaching without visual feedback (RwithoutF) task, they had to point to the lit red LED with their right index fingers. In the RwithF task, their right hands were visible on the HMD before touching the target, whereas in the RwithoutF task, they were not visible. For each subject, subtraction images of each reaching task minus the control and the RwithF task minus the RwithoutF task were calculated after transformation of PET images into the standard brain shape with an adjustable computerized brain atlas. These subtraction rCBF images were then averaged among the subjects, and significant changes of rCBF were identified. Significant increases in rCBF not only in the RwithF task minus control image but also in the RwithF task minus the RwithoutF task image were observed in the supramarginal cortex, the premotor cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex of the left hemisphere, the caudate nucleus and the thalamus of the right hemisphere, and the right cerebellum and vermis. These results indicate that the supramarginal cortex, the premotor cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex of the left hemisphere and the cerebellum are involved in integrating visual feedback of hand movements and execution of accurate pointing.

Characteristics of temporal dynamics of intrinsic brain activity in unmedicated bipolar disorder with suicidality

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1115-1124
Author(s):  
Jiaying Gong ◽  
Guanmao Chen ◽  
Mengyao Zhou ◽  
Yanbin Jia ◽  
Shuming Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations ◽  
The Right

Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with a high risk of suicide. Routine neuroimaging examination exhibited that bipolar disorder with suicidality was associated with brain structural and functional changes. However, the alterations of brain dynamics have still remained elusive. Purpose: To investigate the alterations of brain dynamics in unmedicated bipolar disorder II depression with suicidality and predict the severity of suicidality. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 106 bipolar disorder II participants (20 with suicidal attempt, 35 with suicidal ideation, 51 without suicidal ideation) and 50 healthy controls who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging between February 2016 and December 2017. We first used sliding window analysis to evaluate the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Then, we predicted the severity of suicidality using a multivariate regression model. Results: One-way analysis of covariance revealed that the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right temporal pole, inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex was significantly different among the four groups. Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations was remarkably decreased in the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex in the three bipolar disorder II groups compared with that in healthy controls group. Increased dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the suicidal attempt group compared with that in the other groups, and in the right temporal pole in the suicidal attempt group compared with that in the suicidal ideation and healthy controls groups. Importantly, these temporal variabilities could be used to predict the severity of suicidality ( r = 0.330, p = 0.036), whereas static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations couldn’t ( r = –0.050, p = 0.532). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that alterations of temporal variability in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex are such a common feature of bipolar disorder patients. Besides, the severity of suicidality could be predicted by the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations abnormalities rather than static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations abnormalities, which is the first evidence of dynamic brain alterations in bipolar disorder patients with suicidality. The proposed predictive model may be advantageous for clinical applications.

scholarly journals M142. INCREASED VENTRAL STRIATAL FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA DURING REWARD ANTICIPATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S189-S190
Author(s):  
Fabien Carruzzo ◽  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
Stefan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Reward Anticipation ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Recent studies have pointed at the ventral striatum as one of the main candidates underlying motivational dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Patients with negative symptoms show decreased BOLD activity in the ventral striatum and this activity strongly correlates with apathy scores during reward anticipation. While in patients with schizophrenia blunted ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation has been widely reported, little is known about abnormal striatal functional connectivity during reward anticipation. In this study, we performed generalized whole-brain psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses using the right and left ventral striatum as seeds in schizophrenia patients with apathy and reduced ventral striatal activation from two published fMRI studies (Kirschner et al., 2016; Stepien et al., 2018). Methods Forty-four healthy controls (18 females, mean age = 31.1) and 40 patients with schizophrenia (10 females, mean age = 32.5) performed a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task within an fMRI design. Negative symptoms were assessed with the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). GPPI analyses were done using the PPPI toolbox on SPM 8. To examine potential difference in striatal functional connectivity, we performed two sample t-tests between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls using the contrast [High Reward Anticipation – No Reward Anticipation]. Results Patients with schizophrenia showed increased functional connectivity between the right ventral striatum and the anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, cerebellum, motor cortex, parietal cortex, temporo-parietal junction and thalamus compared to controls (cluster-level FDR p<0.05). No higher connectivity was found in controls compared to patients. For the regions with increased functional connectivity, we performed correlations between the patients’ gPPI signal and apathy. We found significant correlations between apathy and functional connectivity between the right ventral striatum and the right posterior cingulate cortex (r=0.40, p<.05) and right parietal cortex (r=0.39, p<.05). Discussion Our preliminary results indicate that physiological changes in the ventral striatum lead to dysfunctional connectivity with a cortex-wide network, affecting both cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical and cortico-striatal-thalamic-cerebellar pathways. In addition, we show that some of these changes are related to apathy levels. This work provides novel insights in cortico-striatal network dysfunction during reward processing in patients with schizophrenia.

Serum Vitamin D and Cingulate Cortex Thickness in Older Adults: Quantitative MRI of the Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzague Foucault ◽  
Guillaume T Duval ◽  
Romain Simon ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Mickael Dinomais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with brain changes, and cognitive and mobility declines in older adults. Method: Two hundred and fifteen Caucasian older community-dwellers (mean±SD, 72.1±5.5years; 40% female) received a blood test and brain MRI. The thickness of perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex was measured using FreeSurfer from T1-weighted MR images. Age, gender, education, BMI, mean arterial pressure, comorbidities, use of vitamin D supplements or anti-vascular drugs, MMSE, GDS, IADL, serum calcium and vitamin B9 concentrations, creatinine clearance were used as covariables. Results: Participants with vitamin D insufficiency (n=80) had thinner total cingulate thickness than the others (24.6±1.9mm versus 25.3±1.4mm, P=0.001); a significant difference found for all 3 regions. Vitamin D insufficiency was cross-sectionally associated with a decreased total cingulate thickness (β=- 0.49, P=0.028). Serum 25OHD concentration correlated positively with the thickness of perigenual anterior (P=0.011), midcingulate (P=0.013) and posterior cingulate cortex (P=0.021). Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with thinner cingulate cortex in the studied sample of older adults. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology of cognitive and mobility declines in older adults with vitamin D insufficiency.

scholarly journals Long-term Chinese calligraphic handwriting reshapes the posterior cingulate cortex: A VBM study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0214917
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Chuansheng Chen ◽  
Pin Yang ◽  
Suyu Bi ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

scholarly journals HIV Distal Neuropathic Pain Is Associated with Smaller Ventral Posterior Cingulate Cortex

Pain Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. pnw180 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Keltner ◽  
Colm G. Connolly ◽  
Florin Vaida ◽  
Mark Jenkinson ◽  
Christine Fennema-Notestine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

scholarly journals Correlation between Traits of Emotion-Based Impulsivity and Intrinsic Default-Mode Network Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizheng Zhao ◽  
Dardo Tomasi ◽  
Corinde E. Wiers ◽  
Ehsan Shokri-Kojori ◽  
Şükrü B. Demiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Negative urgency (NU) and positive urgency (PU) are implicated in several high-risk behaviors, such as eating disorders, substance use disorders, and nonsuicidal self-injury behavior. The current study aimed to explore the possible link between trait of urgency and brain activity at rest. We assessed the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal in 85 healthy volunteers. Trait urgency measures were related to ALFF in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral and dorsal medial frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. In addition, trait urgency measures showed significant correlations with the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus seed with the thalamus and midbrain region. These findings suggest an association between intrinsic brain activity and impulsive behaviors in healthy humans.

Quantitative cytoarchitectonics of the posterior cingulate cortex in primates

1986 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Zilles ◽  
Este Armstrong ◽  
Gottfried Schlaug ◽  
Axel Schleicher
Keyword(s):  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Quantitative Cytoarchitectonics
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