High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Brain Mapping Using Stereo Microfocal X-ray Imaging

Much of our knowledge of brain function has been gleaned from studies using microelectrodes to characterize the response properties of individual neurons in vivo. However, because it is difficult to accurately determine the location of a microelectrode tip within the brain, it is impossible to systematically map the fine three-dimensional spatial organization of many brain areas, especially in deep structures. Here, we present a practical method based on digital stereo microfocal X-ray imaging that makes it possible to estimate the three-dimensional position of each and every microelectrode recording site in “real time” during experimental sessions. We determined the system's ex vivo localization accuracy to be better than 50 μm, and we show how we have used this method to coregister hundreds of deep-brain microelectrode recordings in monkeys to a common frame of reference with median error of <150 μm. We further show how we can coregister those sites with magnetic resonance images (MRIs), allowing for comparison with anatomy, and laying the groundwork for more detailed electrophysiology/functional MRI comparison. Minimally, this method allows one to marry the single-cell specificity of microelectrode recording with the spatial mapping abilities of imaging techniques; furthermore, it has the potential of yielding fundamentally new kinds of high-resolution maps of brain function.

Download Full-text

Three Dimensional X-Ray Computed Tomography in Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/s0883769400066525 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

J.H. Kinney ◽

Q.C. Johnson ◽

U. Bonse ◽

M.C. Nichols ◽

R.A. Saroyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Resolution ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Visible Light ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Materials Characterization ◽

Imaging Technology ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Visible Light Imaging

Imaging is the cornerstone of materials characterization. Until the middle of the present century, visible light imaging provided much of the information about materials. Though visible light imaging still plays an extremely important role in characterization, relatively low spatial resolution and lack of chemical sensitivity and specificity limit its usefulness.The discovery of x-rays and electrons led to a major advance in imaging technology. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy allowed us to characterize the atomic structure of materials. Many materials vital to our high technology economy and defense owe their existence to the understanding of materials structure brought about with these high-resolution methods.Electron microscopy is an essential tool for materials characterization. Unfortunately, electron imaging is always destructive due to the sample preparation that must be done prior to imaging. Furthermore, electron microscopy only provides information about the surface of a sample. Three dimensional information, of great interest in characterizing many new materials, can be obtained only by time consuming sectioning of an object.The development of intense synchrotron light sources in addition to the improvements in solid state imaging technology is revolutionizing materials characterization. High resolution x-ray imaging is a potentially valuable tool for materials characterization. The large depth of x-ray penetration, as well as the sensitivity of absorption crosssections to atomic chemistry, allows x-ray imaging to characterize the chemistry of internal structures in macroscopic objects with little sample preparation. X-ray imaging complements other imaging modalities, such as electron microscopy, in that it can be performed nondestructively on metals and insulators alike.

Download Full-text

High-resolution monochromatic X-ray imaging techniques applied to Shenguang Ⅱ laser facility

High Power Laser and Particle Beams ◽

10.3788/hplpb20132512.3119 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 3119-3122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

陈伯伦 Chen Bolun ◽

杨正华 Yang Zhenghua ◽

韦敏习 Wei Minxi ◽

邓博 Deng Bo ◽

苏明 Su Ming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Laser Facility

Download Full-text

Developments of X-Ray Grating Imaging Technology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.614 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 898 ◽

pp. 614-617

Author(s):

Rui Hong Li ◽

Yue Ping Han

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Imaging System ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Field Of View ◽

Imaging Systems ◽

Large Field ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Angle Scattering ◽

Interferometry Method

The present paper reviews the X-ray grating imaging systems at home and abroad from the aspects of technological characterizations and the newest researching focus. First, not only the imaging principles and the frameworks of the typical X-ray grating imaging system based on Talbot-Lau interferometry method, but also the algorithms of retrieving the signals of attenuation, refraction and small-angle scattering are introduced. Second, the system optimizing methods are discussed, which involves mainly the relaxing the requirement of high positioning resolution and strict circumstances for gratings and designing large field of view with high resolution. Third, two and four-dimensional grating-based X-ray imaging techniques are introduced.

Download Full-text

Measurement of three-dimensional displacement field in piled embankments using synchrotron X-ray tomography

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/cgj-2018-0159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 885-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Louis King ◽

Abdelmalek Bouazza ◽

Anton Maksimenko ◽

Will P. Gates ◽

Stephen Dubsky

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Physical Models ◽

Scale Model ◽

Small Scale ◽

Full Field ◽

X Ray ◽

Wide Range ◽

Piled Embankments

The measurement of displacement fields by nondestructive imaging techniques opens up the potential to study the pre-failure mechanisms of a wide range of geotechnical problems within physical models. With the advancement of imaging technologies, it has become possible to achieve high-resolution three-dimensional computed tomography volumes of relatively large samples, which may have previously resulted in excessively long scan times or significant imaging artefacts. Imaging of small-scale model piled embankments (142 mm diameter) comprising sand was undertaken using the imaging and medical beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. The monochromatic X-ray beam produced high-resolution reconstructed volumes with a fine texture due to the size and mineralogy of the sand grains as well as the phase contrast enhancement achieved by the monochromatic X-ray beam. The reconstructed volumes were well suited to the application of digital volume correlation, which utilizes cross-correlation techniques to estimate three-dimensional full-field displacement vectors. The output provides insight into the strain localizations that develop within piled embankments and an example of how advanced imaging techniques can be utilized to study the kinematics of physical models.

Download Full-text

Quantifying the Spatial Variation of Lower-Limb Soft Tissue Artefact During Functional Activity Using MR Imaging and X-Ray Fluoroscopy

ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2009-206538 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Massoud Akbarshahi ◽

Justin W. Fernandez ◽

Anthony Schache ◽

Richard Baker ◽

Scott Banks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

3D Motion Analysis ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Tissue Interface ◽

Soft Tissue Artifact

Non-rigid movement of the soft tissue interface between skin-mounted markers and the underlying bones, also known as soft tissue artifact (STA), poses a major limitation to the non-invasive estimation of joint kinematics using three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis systems. Thorough knowledge of the nature of this non-rigid behavior is essential for development of compensation algorithms to enhance the accuracy of these systems. The studies in the literature aimed at quantifying STA have implemented invasive measurement methods such as bone pins [1] and external fixator devices [2], or have used subjects with pathological conditions [3]. In the present study, we integrated Magnetic Resonance (MR) and X-ray imaging techniques to evaluate the non-rigid behavior of the lower-limb soft tissue of healthy adults for a number of different functional tasks.

Download Full-text

Three-dimensional high resolution X-ray imaging and quantification of lithium ion battery mesocarbon microbead anodes

Journal of Power Sources ◽

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.147 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 248 ◽

pp. 1014-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

F. Tariq ◽

V. Yufit ◽

M. Kishimoto ◽

P.R. Shearing ◽

S. Menkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging

Download Full-text

High Resolution SCC Depth Map in Pipeline Samples Using New X-Ray Imaging Techniques

ASNT Research Symposium 2019 Proceedings ◽

10.32548/rs.2019.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yohan Belanger ◽

◽

Luc Perron ◽

Xavier P. V. Maldague

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Depth Map ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging

Download Full-text

Three-Dimensional Characterization of Polycrystalline Materials by Combination of X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Imaging Techniques

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927609098328 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (S2) ◽

pp. 616-617

Author(s):

EM Lauridsen ◽

W Ludwig ◽

SO Poulsen ◽

S Rolland du Roscoat ◽

P Reischig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Polycrystalline Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009

Download Full-text

Three-Dimensional Analysis of High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography Data with Morpho+

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927610094389 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 252-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Loes Brabant ◽

Jelle Vlassenbroeck ◽

Yoni De Witte ◽

Veerle Cnudde ◽

Matthieu N. Boone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Complete Analysis ◽

Equivalent Diameter ◽

3D Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Computed ◽

Quantitative Results

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) analysis is an essential tool to obtain quantitative results from 3D datasets. Considerable progress has been made in 3D imaging techniques, resulting in a growing need for more flexible, complete analysis packages containing advanced algorithms. At the Centre for X-ray Tomography of the Ghent University (UGCT), research is being done on the improvement of both hardware and software for high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT). UGCT collaborates with research groups from different disciplines, each having specific needs. To meet these requirements the analysis software package, Morpho+, was developed in-house. Morpho+ contains an extensive set of high-performance 3D operations to obtain object segmentation, separation, and parameterization (orientation, maximum opening, equivalent diameter, sphericity, connectivity, etc.), or to extract a 3D geometrical representation (surface mesh or skeleton) for further modeling. These algorithms have a relatively short processing time when analyzing large datasets. Additionally, Morpho+ is equipped with an interactive and intuitive user interface in which the results are visualized. The package allows scientists from various fields to obtain the necessary quantitative results when applying high-resolution X-ray CT as a research tool to the nondestructive investigation of the microstructure of materials.

Download Full-text