scholarly journals Long-Term Perseveration in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Edith V. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Perseverative Response ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Alzheimer Pathology

The most common clinical sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive memory loss. Presented here is a case of AD who, despite ultimate profound dementia with severe amnesia, showed retention of a perseverative response she developed during 26 encounters, over 4.5 years, with the Brown–Peterson distractor test. From Test 9 onwards, she responded from the first distractor-filled trial with one consonant trigram, appearing in none of the seven test forms given her. At Test 26, she could not repeat heard trigrams yet faithfully responded with her perseverative trigram. The trigram, ostensibly declarative information, apparently became part and parcel of the task's procedure. Although perseveration is a form of impairment probably resulting from Alzheimer pathology involving frontal and parietal cortex, it may also reflect a form of preserved memory, albeit distorted, supported by posterior cortical regions spared in AD.

Long-term Physical Exercise Improves Finger Tapping of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Zhao ◽  
Guanghua Liu ◽  
Lingli Zhang ◽  
Yuxiang Du ◽  
Le Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Impact

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which has been characterized by progressive development of long onset early disease with complicated etiology, and may cause memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. Physical exercise may play a preventive role in AD. In the present study, we investigated the impact of longer-term physical exercise on finger tapping of AD patient by comparing the finger tapping of AD patients and heathy controls without AD. Methods: In this study, 140 subjects who aged ≥ 60 years were enrolled. Group A consisted of 70 subjects (27 males and 43 females) without exercise habits who selected from Yangpu District (Shanghai, China). Group B consisted of 70 subjects (27 males and 43 females) who selected from Minxing District (Shanghai, China). All the subjects were right-handed as well. The subjects’ data, including subjects’ age, weight, height, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and finger tapping frequency were measured. Results: The subjects were matched in age, weight, and height. The AD subjects’ MoCA and MMSE scores were noticeably lower than healthy subjects’ scores (P<0.001); besides, AD patients with exercise have significantly lower MoCA and MMSE scores than healthy controls with exercise (P<0.001). The finger tapping of AD subjects’ left hands was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects without AD (P<0.01), and AD subjects with exercise tapped significantly slower with left hand than healthy subjects with exercise (P<0.01). Meanwhile, AD subjects with exercise tapped significantly faster with left hand than AD subjects (P<0.05). The right hands of AD subjects tapped remarkably less than healthy subjects (P<0.01) with or without exercise. Meanwhile, subjects with exercise tapped significantly faster with right hand than healthy subjects (P<0.05), and AD subjects with exercise tapped significantly faster with right hand than AD subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term physical exercises can improve finger tapping frequency, especially patients with AD. Finger tapping frequency may be used as an index to monitor cognitive decline in ageing AD patients.

Alzheimer's disease in a patient on long-term hemodialysis: A case report

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
B. Trappler ◽  
R. Viswanathan ◽  
J. Sher
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Report

Assessment of Memory Impairment in Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-985
Author(s):  
Martin Vyhnálek ◽  
Hana Marková ◽  
Jan Laczó ◽  
Rossana De Beni ◽  
Santo Di Nuovo
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Memory Binding

Memory impairment has been considered as one of the earliest clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. This paper summarizes recent progress in the assessment of memory impairment in predementia stages. New promising approaches of memory assessment include evaluation of longitudinal cognitive changes, assessment of long-term memory loss, evaluation of subjective cognitive concerns and testing of other memory modalities, such as spatial memory. In addition, we describe new challenging memory tests based on memory binding paradigms that have been recently developed and are currently being validated.

scholarly journals The effect of electroconvulsive therapy on neuroinflammation, behavior and amyloid plaques in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Svensson ◽  
Gustaf Olsson ◽  
Yiyi Yang ◽  
Sara Bachiller ◽  
Maria Ekemohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Plus Maze

AbstractMicroglial cells are affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and interact with amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Apart from memory loss, depression is common in patients with AD. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an anti-depressive treatment that may stimulate microglia, induce neuroinflammation and alter the levels of soluble Aβ, but the effects of ECT on microglia and Aβ aggregation in AD are not known. We investigated the short- and long-term effects of ECT on neuroinflammation and Aβ accumulation. 5xFAD mice received either electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS n = 26) or sham treatment (n = 25) for 3 weeks. Microglia and Aβ were analyzed in samples collected 24 h, 5 weeks, or 9 weeks after the last treatment. Aβ plaques and microglia were quantified using immunohistochemistry. The concentration of soluble Aβ and cytokines was quantified using ELISA and levels of Aβ aggregates were measured with Western Blot. Microglial phagocytosis of Aβ in the hippocampus was evaluated by flow cytometry in Methoxy-X04 injected mice 24 h following the last ECS treatment. Y-maze and Elevated plus maze were performed to study behavior after 5 weeks. We could not detect any significant short- or long-term effects of ECS on Aβ pathology or neuroinflammation, but ECS reduced abnormal behavior in the Elevated Plus maze.

scholarly journals Vaccination Prevented Short-Term Memory Loss, but Deteriorated Long-Term Spatial Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice, Independent of Amyloid-β Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-280
Author(s):  
Klaske Oberman ◽  
Leonie Gouweleeuw ◽  
Peter Hoogerhout ◽  
Ulrich L.M. Eisel ◽  
Elly van Riet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Memory loss in Alzheimer's disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Loss of memory is among the first symptoms reported by patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and by their caretakers. Working memory and long-term declarative memory are affected early during the course of the disease. The individual pattern of impaired memory functions correlates with parameters of structural or functional brain integrity. AD pathology interferes with the formation of memories from the molecular level to the framework of neural networks. The investigation of AD memory loss helps to identify the involved neural structures, such as the default mode network, the influence of epigenetic and genetic factors, such as ApoE4 status, and evolutionary aspects of human cognition. Clinically, the analysis of memory assists the definition of AD subtypes, disease grading, and prognostic predictions. Despite new AD criteria that allow the earlier diagnosis of the disease by inclusion of biomarkers derived from cerebrospinal fluid or hippocampal volume analysis, neuropsychological testing remains at the core of AD diagnosis.

The Therapeutic Potential of Purinergic Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease and Promising Therapeutic Modulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Pan ◽  
Yu Ma ◽  
Yunchun Li ◽  
Haoxing Wu ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract:: Recent studies have proven that the purinergic signaling pathway plays a key role in neurotransmission and neuromodulation, and is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. With the characterization of the subtypes of receptors in purinergic signaling, i.e. the P1 (adenosine), P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled), more attentions were paid to the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic signaling in central nervous system disorders. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and deadly neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment and dementia. However, as drug development aimed to prevent or control AD follows a series of failures in recent years, more researchers focused on the neuroprotection-related mechanisms such as purinergic signaling in AD patients to find a potential cure. This article reviews the recent discoveries of purinergic signaling in AD, summaries the potential agents as modulators for the receptors of purinergic signaling in AD related research and treatments. Thus, our paper provided an insight for purinergic signaling in the development of anti-AD therapies.

Integrated Biomarkers for Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Wenzler ◽  
Christian Knochel ◽  
Ceylan Balaban ◽  
Dominik Kraft ◽  
Juliane Kopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Control Functional

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric manifestation among Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. It may compromise everyday activities and lead to a faster cognitive decline as well as worse quality of life. The identification of promising biomarkers may therefore help to timely initiate and improve the treatment of preclinical and clinical states of AD, and to improve the long-term functional outcome. In this narrative review, we report studies that investigated biomarkers for AD-related depression. Genetic findings state AD-related depression as a rather complex, multifactorial trait with relevant environmental and inherited contributors. However, one specific set of genes, the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), specifically the Val66Met polymorphism, may play a crucial role in AD-related depression. Regarding neuroimaging markers, the most promising findings reveal structural impairments in the cortico-subcortical networks that are related to affect regulation and reward / aversion control. Functional imaging studies reveal abnormalities in predominantly frontal and temporal regions. Furthermore, CSF based biomarkers are seen as potentially promising for the diagnostic process showing abnormalities in metabolic pathways that contribute to AD-related depression. However, there is a need for standardization of methodological issues and for replication of current evidence with larger cohorts and prospective studies.

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