scholarly journals Human and Canine Blastomycosis: A Common Source Infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W Morgan ◽  
Irving E Salit
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Georgian Bay ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
The Common ◽  
Canine Blastomycosis

In fall 1993 a man and a dog developed blastomycosis after visiting an island off Bayfield Inlet, Georgian Bay, located near Parry Sound, Ontario. The man recovered but the dog died of blastomycosis. It was hypothesized that the common source of exposure was the island since the permanent residences of the two cases were in different cities. One further case of human infection, based on positive serology, and four additional cases of probable canine blastomycosis were identified. All cases had travelled to Bayfield Inlet during summer and early fall 1993. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first Canadian report of a common source of infection of human and canine blastomycosis. This report also provides evidence for a new endemic area of blastomycosis infection.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Coastal Water: An Emerging Threat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regev Cohen ◽  
Svetlana Paikin ◽  
Assaf Rokney ◽  
Maxim Rubin-Blum ◽  
Peleg Astrahan
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Water ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Common Source ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Recreational Beach ◽  
The Common ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Genome Level

Abstract Background: The environmental role of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) acquisition and infection in human disease has been described but not thoroughly investigated. We aimed to assess the occurrence of CPE in nearshore aquatic bodies.Methods: Enterobacteriaceae were cultured from coastal and estuary water near Netanya, Israel in June and July of 2018. Bacteria were identified by VITEK2® and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the CLSI guidelines. Enterobacteriaceae genomes were sequenced to elucidate their resistome and carbapenemase types. Results: Among other clinically relevant bacteria, four CPE (three Enterobacter spp and one Escherichia coli isolate) were isolated from two river estuaries (Poleg and Alexander Rivers) and coastal water at a popular recreational beach (Beit Yanai). Molecular analysis and genome sequencing revealed the persistent presence of rare beta-lactamase resistance genes, including blaIMI-2 and a previously unknown blaIMI-20 allele, which were not found among the local epidemiological strains. Genome comparisons revealed the high identity of riverine and marine CPE that were cultivated one month apart. Conclusions: We show that CPE contamination was widespread in nearshore marine and riverine habitats. The high genome-level similarity of riverine and marine CPEs, isolated one month apart, hints at the common source of infection We discuss the clinical implications of these findings and stress the urgent need to assess the role of the aquatic environment in CPE epidemiology.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae in coastal water: an emerging threat

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regev Cohen ◽  
Svetlana Paikin ◽  
Assaf Rokney ◽  
Maxim Rubin-Blum ◽  
Peleg Astrahan
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Water ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Common Source ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Recreational Beach ◽  
The Common ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Genome Level

Abstract Background The environmental role of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) acquisition and infection in human disease has been described but not thoroughly investigated. We aimed to assess the occurrence of CPE in nearshore aquatic bodies. Methods Enterobacteriaceae were cultured from coastal and estuary water near Netanya, Israel in June and July of 2018. Bacteria were identified by VITEK2® and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the CLSI guidelines. Enterobacteriaceae genomes were sequenced to elucidate their resistome and carbapenemase types. Results Among other clinically relevant bacteria, four CPE (three Enterobacter spp and one Escherichia coli isolate) were isolated from two river estuaries (Poleg and Alexander Rivers) and coastal water at a popular recreational beach (Beit Yanai). Molecular analysis and genome sequencing revealed the persistent presence of rare beta-lactamase resistance genes, including blaIMI-2 and a previously unknown blaIMI-20 allele, which were not found among the local epidemiological strains. Genome comparisons revealed the high identity of riverine and marine CPE that were cultivated one month apart. Conclusions We show that CPE contamination was widespread in nearshore marine and riverine habitats. The high genome-level similarity of riverine and marine CPEs, isolated one month apart, hints at the common source of infection. We discuss the clinical implications of these findings and stress the urgent need to assess the role of the aquatic environment in CPE epidemiology.

scholarly journals Distribution ofSalmonella enteritidisphage types in Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khakhria ◽  
D. Duck ◽  
H. Lior
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYThe distribution ofSalmonella enteritidisphage types in Canada is described; 606 of 674 strains examined were of human origin. Typable strains of all sources, constituted 99·6% (671/674) of all strains examined, and were representative of 15 different phage types. Five phage types (8, 13, 4, 13a and 1) accounted for 92·4% of the total. Phage type 8 consistently showed the highest incidence in human (69·96%) and non-human (72·05%) sources and appeared to be the most common in North America. Phage type 4, the most prevalent in the UK, is infrequent in Canada (38/674). The distribution of phage types showed regional variation among infrequent phage types, whereas the common type, 8, was observed in different frequencies in all provinces. Examination of 29 outbreaks ofS. enteritidisrepresenting 254 isolates for humans revealed 5 different phage types, the highest number of outbreaks (11) were type 8. A study of these outbreaks and the animal-host-associations of the common phage types, 8 and 13, indicated that contaminated poultry appeared to be the most common source of human infection in Canada.

scholarly journals 284. Evaluation of Oral Step-Down Therapy for Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S143-S143
Author(s):  
Sara Utley ◽  
Dawn Bouknight ◽  
Radha Patel ◽  
Kent Stock
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Duration ◽  
Alternate Source

Abstract Background Oral antibiotic stepdown therapy for Gram-negative (GN) bloodstream infection (BSI) appears to be a safe option, though high bioavailability drugs like fluoroquinolones (FQ) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are often recommended without clear evidence demonstrating superiority. Due to increasing concerns of FQ resistance and collateral damage with an increasing community C. difficile rate, our organization sought to reduce overall FQ use and a shift toward oral beta-lactams (BL) was observed. A review was conducted to assess the outcomes of this shift. Methods This retrospective cohort included all patients within our 3-hospital system who had a positive GN blood culture and were transitioned to oral therapy to complete treatment outpatient for bacteremia between Jan 2017-Sept 2019. The primary outcome was recurrent BSI within 30 days of completing initial treatment. Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, 30-day recurrence of organism at an alternate source, 30-day readmission, and 90-day BSI relapse. Results Of 191 GN BSIs, 77 patients were transitioned to oral therapy. The mean age was 68 years, 60% were female. The most common source of infection was described as urine (39/77), intra-abdominal (16/77), unknown (13/77). Mean total antibiotic duration (IV plus PO) was 14 days (range 7–33). Patients received an average of 5 days IV prior to transitioning to PO therapy. The most common PO class was a 1st gen cephalosporin (29/77), followed by BL/BL inhibitor (16/77), and a FQ (13/77). There were no 30-day relapse BSIs observed in this cohort. There was 1 patient discharged to inpatient hospice, and no other 30-day mortality observed. There were 4 recurrent UTIs observed within 30 days, none of which required readmission. Of the twelve 30-day readmissions, 1 was considered by the investigators to be related to the initial infection. Conclusion An opportunity for education regarding duration of therapy was identified. Oral beta lactam use in our limited population appears to be a reasonable option to facilitate discharge. Results should be confirmed in additional, larger studies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Xu ◽  
Weibing Zhang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Infection with Salmonella enterica usually results in diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps, but some people become asymptomatic or chronic carrier as a source of infection for others. This study aimed to analyze the difference in serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic profiles between Salmonella strains isolated from patients and those from asymptomatic people in Nantong city, China. Methods A total of 88 Salmonella strains were collected from patients and asymptomatic people from 2017 to 2018. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PFGE analysis were performed to analyze the characteristics of these strains. Results Twenty serotypes belonging to 8 serogroups were identified in the 88 Salmonella strains. S. Typhimurium remained to be the predominant serotype in strains from both patients and asymptomatic people. Among the 27 strains from patients, S. Enteritidis and S. Rissen were shown as the other two major serotypes, while S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis were demonstrated as the other significant serotypes among the 61 strains from asymptomatic people. Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that 84.1% of strains from both resources were multi-drug resistant. PFGE displayed a highly discriminative ability to differentiate strains belonging to S. Derby, S. Typhimurium, etc., but could not efficiently differentiate serotypes like S. Enteritidis. Conclusions This study’s results demonstrated that S. Typhimurium could cause human infection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic state; S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis usually cause asymptomatic infection, while S. Enteritidis infection mainly results in human diseases. The high multi-drug resistance rate detected in the antimicrobial resistance and diverse PFGE profiles of these strains implied that the strains were isolated from different sources, and the increased surveillance of Salmonella from both patients and asymptomatic people should be taken to control the disease.

scholarly journals Psittacosis in a highly endemic area in Italy

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maffei ◽  
A. Marracino ◽  
F. Di Stanislao ◽  
P. Pauri ◽  
M. Clementi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
The University ◽  
Microimmunofluorescence Test

SUMMARYIn one locality in Italy where the incidence of psittacosis has increased rapidly since 1980, a hospital-based study and a seroepidemiological survey were carried out in order to define the clinical and epidemiological features of psittacosis in that area.Registers of the Virology Unit of the University of Ancona, Italy, were reviewed and all hospitalized patients with a serological diagnosis of psittacosis were identified. A total of 76 cases were found and studied. A presumptive bird source was identified in 80% of 62 patients, on whom a detailed investigation had been possible. Poultry represented the most frequent probable source of infection. Clinically, the predominant pattern of illness was a moderately severe lower respiratory tract infection, with chest X-rays showing pulmonary shadowings in 68 patients (89%).In the seroepidemiological study, 51 out of 143 subjects were exposed to birds (35·7%), but only 7 out of 90 urban adult blood donors (7·3%) were positive for chlamydial antibodies using the microimmunofluorescence test.

No, I’m not… Chaucer? The Arabic motif in Troilus and Criseyde and Pushkin’s ‘The Prophet’ [‘Prorok’]

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
A. A. Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Long Poem ◽  
Troilus And Criseyde ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Common Motif ◽  
Courtly Romance ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
The Common

The article discusses two works of literature: Troilus and Criseyde, a long poem written in the genre of courtly romance (1382–1386/1387) by G. Chaucer, and ‘The Prophet’ [‘Prorok’] (1826), a poem by A. Pushkin. The two works are compared due to a common motif: the opening of the chest and swapping of the heart as a sign of the person’s spiritual regeneration. In her comparative analysis of the two poems, the author attempts to identify their common source or the likelihood of direct contact — whether Pushkin had come across Chaucer’s work and borrowed the motif directly. As for the heart being replaced, it seems both poets may have been inspired by several biblical stories. Further analysis of the motif of the chest being opened suggests that the research should focus on the Arabic tradition alone and take into account the potential influence of Islamic religious texts on Pushkin as well as Chaucer. Relying on the available data about Russian and European relations with the Arabic world, the article hypothesises about the ways in which the motif in question could have reached each of the poets. The author names the Quran as the common genetic source of the two poems.

scholarly journals Mapping, cluster detection and evaluation of risk factors of ovine toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Condoleo ◽  
Vincenzo Musella ◽  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Source ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Serological Data

Toxoplasmosis, an important cause of reproductive failure in sheep, is responsible for significant economic losses to the ovine industry worldwide. Moreover, ovine meat contaminated by the parasite <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is considered as a common source of infection for humans. The aim of this study was to develop point and risk profiling maps of <em>T. gondii</em> seroprevalence in sheep bred in Campania Region (Southern Italy) and analyse risk factors associated at the flock-level. We used serological data from a previous survey of 117 sheep flocks, while environmental and farm management information were obtained from an analysis based on geographical information systems and a questionnaire purveyance, respectively. An univariate Poisson regression model revealed that the type of farm production (milk and meat vs only meat) was the only independent variable associated with <em>T. gondii</em> positivity (P&lt;0.02); the higher within-flock seroprevalence in milking herds suggests that milking practices might influence the spread of the infection on the farm. Neither environmental nor other management variables were significant. Since a majority of flocks were seasonally or permanently on pasture, the animals have a high exposure to infectious <em>T. gondii</em> oocysts, so the high within-flock seroprevalence might derive from this management factor. However, further studies are needed to better assess the actual epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in sheep and to clarify the factors that influence its presence and distribution.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigations onCampylobacter jejuniin households with a primary infection

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Oosterom ◽  
C. H. den Uyl ◽  
J. R. J. Bänffer ◽  
J. Huisman
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Spread Of Infection

SummaryFifty-four Rotterdam patients in which a primary infection withCampylobacter jejunihad been detected (index patients) were compared with 54 control subjects with regard to the consumption and preparation of foods 7 days before onset of illness and the keeping of pet animals. Significantly more index patients than controls had eaten chicken meat (47v. 29;P= 0·0002), particularly at barbecues (14v. 2;P= 0·0015). Marginally more index patients had eaten pork (47v. 39;P= 0·048) or inadequately heated meat (13v. 8), though in the last case numbers were too small to be statistically significant. The consumption of beef or mutton and outdoor eating (other than at barbecues) were essentially the same in both groups. There was no significant association with the keeping of pet animals, although a few more index patients had cage birds than controls (18v. 12).Twenty-one (15%) of 130 household contacts of index patients also suffered from diarrhoea during the same period. Circumstantial evidence pointed to a common source of infection with the index patient in 13 instances (nine households) and probable intrafamilial spread of infection in six instances.Campylobacters were isolated from one of 110 swabs of kitchen work surfaces and eight of 107 swabs taken from lavatory bowls in index households.

scholarly journals Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi’s Bulgarian oikonyms and their location in the former Volga Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Nikolay Valeryevich Belenov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Information Borrowing ◽  
The Given

This article attempts to localize the fortresses of the Volga Bulgars (first of all, fortresses Marj and Tehshu) known from medieval authors reportedly Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi. In the course of solving this problem the question of these authors data reliability is raised, as well as the common source of this information borrowing. There is a good reason to see this in the source known among the Arab-Persian historical and geographical medieval manuscripts as Rizal by Ahmed ibn Fadlan, the Secretary of Abbasid embassy to the Volga Bulgars Elteber Almush, who visited the Volga in 922. This fact explains the absence of Bulgarian cities known from other sources in the given lists as well as the question of uniqueness of Hamadani and at-Tusis information. On the basis of the sources synthesis, place-and folklore studies, the article proposes some options for localization of some of these forts and etymology options of Bulgarian oikonyms mentioned in the papers by the considered authors. The author proves the importance of place names data at the present stage of Bulgar study research, especially of Volga Bulgaria historical geography as well as further studies are planned.

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