scholarly journals Approaches to the Modulation of Abdominal Pain

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 66A-70A ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeran A Mayer ◽  
Tony Lembo ◽  
Lin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Model ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Dorsal Horn Neurons ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurokinin 1

Despite their high prevalence and significant economic impact on the health care system, functional gastrointestinal disorders have evaded successful therapy. Conventional medical therapies are based on inadequate disease models, and the great majority of published treatment trials are flawed in their design, permitting no conclusions to be drawn about the true efficacy of any particular treatment. During the past several years, a new, comprehensive disease model based on alterations in brain-gut interactions has rapidly evolved. Even though the precise mechanisms and sites underlying these alterations remain incompletely understood, plausible targets for the development of effective pharmacological treatments are receptors on peripheral terminals of visceral afferent nerves (opioids and serotonin), ion channels and receptors on dorsal horn neurons within the spinal cord (opioids, glutamate, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neurokinin-1), and supraspinal targets in the brainstem within the limbic system and in the prefrontal cortex (serotonin, catecholamines, dopamine and acetylcholine). Regardless of the primary pathophysiology underlying functional gastrointestinal disorders (ie, central versus peripheral), different pharmacological strategies targeted at different sites in the periphery or within the central nervous system may become effective therapies in the future.

Clinical case of recurrent vomiting in a child: diagnostic search from functional gastrointestinal disorders to piloid astrocytoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
E. N. Voronina ◽  
◽  
D. V. Pechkurov ◽  
A. A. Tyazheva ◽  
E. V. Kozarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Recurrent Vomiting

The urgency of the problem of recurrent vomiting in children is due not only to the high prevalence of this syndrome, but also to a wide range of reasons for its development. The article presents a clinical case of observation of a child with recurrent vomiting syndrome. It shows the dynamics of the disease, the importance of identifying such «anxiety symptom» as the nutritional status violation. In this case, the cause of vomiting of central genesis was not immediately taken into account, although differential diagnosis presupposes an integrated approach, and doctors' oncological alertness should be constantly preserved even in pediatrics.

Central Nervous System Processing of Human Visceral Pain in Health and Disease

Physiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Hobson ◽  
Qasim Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease

To understand the pathophysiology of anomalous pain in functional gastrointestinal disorders, we must increase our understanding of how the central nervous system processes visceral pain. Over the past decade, novel application of functional brain imaging and electrophysiological techniques has given us the opportunity to study these processes in humans, and this review summarizes the current body of knowledge.

Tu1798 High Prevalence of Joint Hypermobility Syndrome in Patients With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S950
Author(s):  
Valeria Schindler ◽  
Jonas Zeitz ◽  
Arndt F. van Maren ◽  
Michael Scharl ◽  
Michael Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Hypermobility Syndrome ◽  
Joint Hypermobility Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Functional Bowel Disorders Are Associated with a Central Immune Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per G. Farup ◽  
Thor Ueland ◽  
Knut Rudi ◽  
Stian Lydersen ◽  
Knut Hestad
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Symptom Severity Score ◽  
Rome Iii ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background. Subjects with depression and unexplained neurological symptoms have a high prevalence of gastrointestinal comorbidity probably related to the brain-gut communication. This study explored associations between functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and inflammatory markers in subjects with these disorders. Methods. The FGID, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), were classified according to the Rome III criteria, and degree of symptoms was assessed with IBS symptom severity score (IBS-SSS). A range of interleukins (IL), chemokines and growth factors, tryptophan, and kynurenine were analysed in serum and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analysed in the faeces. The results are reported as partial correlation (pc) and p values. Results. Sixty-six subjects were included. IBS was associated with high levels of tryptophan (p=0.048) and kynurenine (p=0.019) and low level of IL-10 (p=0.047) in the CSF. IBS-SSS was associated with high tumor necrosis factor and low IL-10 in the CSF; pc=0.341 and p=0.009 and pc=−0.299 and p=0.023, respectively. Propionic minus butyric acid in faeces was negatively associated with IL-10 in the CSF (pc=−0.416, p=0.005). Conclusions. FGID were associated with a proinflammatory immune activation in the central nervous system and a disturbed tryptophan metabolism that could have been mediated by the faecal microbiota.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiome: role in functional gastrointestinal disorders and contemporary diagnostic options

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Marlena Górska ◽  
◽  
Ewa Toporowska-Kowalska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Positive Effect

The most common problems that paediatricians and paediatric gastroenterologists encounter in their practice include functional gastrointestinal disorders. These are a group of chronic and/or recurrent conditions caused by any combination of gastrointestinal motility disturbances and visceral hypersensitivity with abnormal processing of stimuli in the central nervous system which manifest with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting or disorders of defecation, among other problems. The symptoms cannot be assigned to any other clinical condition despite proper diagnostic investigation. The aetiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders is multifactorial. Recently, the role of the intestinal microbiota as an important environmental factor in the pathogenesis of such disorders has been investigated. In this article, the latest data regarding the composition of the microbiome (a collection of microbiota genes) of the human gastrointestinal tract are discussed and the methods used to determine it in detail are described. Currently, molecular biology techniques have the highest diagnostic value, which are based on genetic material sequencing. Due to their extraordinary efficacy, they are superseding classic microbiological tests. In addition, the publication presents factors which affect the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome. These include, for example, mode of birth, method of infant feeding, diet at later stages of life, place of residence, physical activity and antibiotics intake. The research to date demonstrated that dysbiosis is one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome. Attempts at modifying the composition of the microbiome by, for example, the administration of probiotics, should therefore have a distinctly positive effect on patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.

High Prevalence of Nausea in Children With Pain-Associated Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Kovacic ◽  
Sara Williams ◽  
B U.K. Li ◽  
Gisela Chelimsky ◽  
Adrian Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
High Prevalence

Gut Feelings: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Psychiatric Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 876-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Lydiard
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Visceral Hyperalgesia ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of over 20 functional gastrointestinal disorders. There is considerable overlap of IBS with panic disorder as well as other anxiety disorders and depression. It has been proposed that the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in clinical samples of IBS patients is a result of self-selection of individuals with anxiety and depression, which drives treatment-seeking behavior. Over the past several years, data from some community studies have shown that there is a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in individuals with IBS who never sought treatment. This suggests that there may be a more fundamental linnk between IBS, anxiety and mood disorders, such as shared pathophysiology.This month's issue of CNS Spectrums brings together reviews on the brain-gut axis, each of which provides a unique perspective, which is complementary to the other reviews.Kirsten Tillisch, MD, and Emeran A. Mayer, MD, review the neurobiology of visceral sensation, focusing on visceral hyperalgesia in IBS. In their paper, the importance of expectancy, comorbidity, gender, and other issues on pain perception is discussed. One of the most fascinating points the authors make is that extra-intestinal functional disorders, such as fibromyalgia, which often coexists with IBS, may affect somatic perception and pain thresholds. The observation that these disorders not only co-exist, but can affect each other raises an important and often overlooked issue for researchers. Comorbid disorders should be assessed and taken into account when conducting studies in patients with IBS. The authors highlight advances in methodology and new conceptual frameworks for understanding the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) as well as remaining gaps in our knowledge about visceral hyperalgesia.

scholarly journals The Role and Place of Partially Hydrolysed Protein Infant Formulas in the Nutrition of Full-term Children: Digestive Comfort and Allergy Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Nataliia B. Migacheva ◽  
Evgeniia M. Mukhametova ◽  
Evgeniia G. Makarova ◽  
Sergey E. Ukraintsev
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
High Prevalence

The continued increase in the number of allergic diseases and the high prevalence of digestive disturbances in infants explain the interest of pediatricians, allergists and gastroenterologists in the development and improvement of nutritional methods for the prevention and correction of these pathologies. This article discusses current ideas on the role of partially hydrolysed protein formulas in infants’ nutrition for recovery of most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, allergy primary prevention. Also, the article discusses formulas place in sequential nutrition therapy of food allergy. Descriptions of cow milk proteins molecular characteristics and its allergens properties are presented. Features of creation and production of partially hydrolysed protein formulas are described as well.

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