scholarly journals Muscle Cramps: A ‘Complication‘ of Cirrhosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl d) ◽  
pp. 21D-25D ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Marotta ◽  
Ivo W Graziadei ◽  
Cameron N Ghent
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Electrolyte Abnormalities

Muscle cramps are a common complaint in clinical practice. They are associated with various metabolic, endocrine, neurological and electrolyte abnormalities. A variety of hypotheses have been generated to explain the cause of muscle cramping, yet none has been able to support a consistent pathophysiological mechanism. Muscle cramps are painful, involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle. They occur frequently in individuals with cirrhosis, regardless of the etiology, and are thought to be a symptom of cirrhotic-stage liver disease. The pathophysiology of these cramps remains elusive; hence, a specific therapy has not been identified. Many therapeutic approaches have been offered, yet their efficacy, safety and mechanism of action remain poorly defined. This review defines muscle cramps and illuminates its prevalence in the cirrhotic individual. Current theories relating to the pathogenesis of muscle cramps are reviewed, and an overview of the various pharmacological agents that have had therapeutic success for this distressing and frustrating symptom is provided.

Interrelations Between Anesthetic Substances, General Condition of the Patient and Implant Rehabilitation Procedure

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1674-1676
Author(s):  
Manuel Florin Rosu ◽  
Doriana Agop Forna ◽  
Norina Consuela Forna
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Sinus Lift ◽  
General State ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Clinical Cases

The purpose of this study is to quantify the existing interrelationship between the anesthetic substances used in the implanto-prosthetic rehabilitation procedures with the general state of the patient, as well as the specific implant rehabilitation work.The analyzed lot brought together 110 patients, candidates for implanto-prosthetic rehabilitation, subjected to a general and local evaluation protocol for choosing general anesthesia in accordance with the general state and complexity of the implanto-prosthetic algorithm. Regarding connection between therapeutic approaches in oral implantation and types of anesthesia , we obtained correlative aspects between the use of inhalosedation and implantation algorithm in 80% clinical cases and augmentation with implantation was found in 20%.General anesthesia with Midazolam has been correlated with implantation and augmentation in 77% clinical cases and sinus lift and implantation was found in 23% clinical cases.General anesthesia with Midazolam was used in 64% clinical cases with implantation and sinus lift and 36% clinical cases with implantation.Careful monitoring of the patient and proper dental surgery where the intervention is performed are the key for a therapeutic success regarding sedation and anesthesia.

scholarly journals Relationship between Muscle Mass and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Jun-Hyuk Lee ◽  
Hye-Sun Lee ◽  
Byoung-Kwon Lee ◽  
Yu-Jin Kwon ◽  
Ji-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Although sarcopenia is known to be a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whether NAFLD is a risk factor for the development of sarcopenia is not clear. We investigated relationships between NAFLD and low skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI) using three different datasets. Participants were classified into LSMI and normal groups. LSMI was defined as a body mass index (BMI)-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass <0.789 in men and <0.512 in women or as the sex-specific lowest quintile of BMI-adjusted total skeletal muscle mass. NAFLD was determined according to NAFLD liver fat score or abdominal ultrasonography. The NAFLD groups showed a higher hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for LSMI than the normal groups (HRs = 1.21, 95% CIs = 1.05–1.40). The LSMI groups also showed a higher HRs with 95% CIs for NAFLD than normal groups (HRs = 1.56, 95% CIs = 1.38–1.78). Participants with NAFLD had consistently less skeletal muscle mass over 12 years of follow-up. In conclusion, LSMI and NAFLD showed a relationship. Maintaining muscle mass should be emphasized in the management of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Approaches Targeting PAX3-FOXO1 and Its Regulatory and Transcriptional Pathways in Rhabdomyosarcoma

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Hung Nguyen ◽  
Frederic G. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Oncogenic Transcription Factor

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a family of soft tissue cancers that are related to the skeletal muscle lineage and predominantly occur in children and young adults. A specific chromosomal translocation t(2;13)(q35;q14) that gives rise to the chimeric oncogenic transcription factor PAX3-FOXO1 has been identified as a hallmark of the aggressive alveolar subtype of RMS. PAX3-FOXO1 cooperates with additional molecular changes to promote oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis in various human and murine models. Its expression is generally restricted to RMS tumor cells, thus providing a very specific target for therapeutic approaches for these RMS tumors. In this article, we review the recent understanding of PAX3-FOXO1 as a transcription factor in the pathogenesis of this cancer and discuss recent developments to target this oncoprotein for treatment of RMS.

scholarly journals Xerostomia and its Dental Implications: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Madhumathi ◽  
R Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Oral Function ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
Common Complaint

ABSTRACT Xerostomia is a relatively common complaint often related to the use of certain pharmacological agents. Knowledge about xerostomia, its effect on oral health among the aged population and provision of modified dental care for these patients are the objectives of this review. Further explaining the methods to improve the comfort and oral function of dentate and edentate patients with dry mouth.

scholarly journals Imaging Software-Based Sarcopenia Assessment in Gastroenterology: Evolution and Clinical Meaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Giovanni Marasco ◽  
Sinan Sadalla ◽  
Giulio Vara ◽  
Rita Golfieri ◽  
Davide Festi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Sarcopenia is gaining attention as a negative prognostic factor in different fields of medicine, including chronic liver failure. However, the assessment of sarcopenia in patients with liver diseases is often neglected due to unawareness of reliable tools and methods and thus is limited to research studies. Cross-sectional imaging is a diffuse diagnostic tool and is commonly performed in patients with chronic liver failure. The last advancements in radiology image analysis using dedicated software allow an easy and standardized method to assess skeletal muscle volume. Several measures can be obtained from cross-sectional imaging analysis to evaluate sarcopenia in patients affected by chronic liver disease. We aimed to review the recent advances in imaging-based sarcopenia assessment, in particular in patients with chronic liver diseases. As a result, we found that the skeletal muscle index (SMI) seems to be a reliable method to assess sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients. Even if further studies are needed to validate proper cut-offs for each clinical endpoint, physicians are invited to consider the assessment of sarcopenia in the work-up of patients with chronic liver disease.

Randomised clinical trial: oral taurine supplementation versus placebo reduces muscle cramps in patients with chronic liver disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 704-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Vidot ◽  
Erin Cvejic ◽  
Sharon Carey ◽  
Simone Irene Strasser ◽  
Geoffrey William McCaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Cramps

Myostatin inhibitors as pharmacological treatment for muscle wasting and muscular dystrophy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Saitoh ◽  
Junichi Ishida ◽  
Nicole Ebner ◽  
Stefan D Anker ◽  
Stephan Von Haehling
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Activin Receptor Iib

　　Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, was first described in 1997. It has been known that loss of myostatin function induces an increase in muscle mass in mice, cow, dogs and humans. Therefore, myostatin and its receptor have emerged as a therapeutic target for loss of skeletal muscle such as sarcopenia and cachexia, as well as muscular dystrophies. At the molecular level, myostatin binds to and activates the activin receptor IIB (ActRIIB)/Alk 4/5 complex. Therapeutic approaches therefore are being taken both pre-clinically and clinically to inhibit the myostatin signaling pathway. Several myostatin inhibitors , including myostatin antibodies, anti-myostatin peptibody, activin A antibody, soluble (decoy) forms of ActRIIB (ActRⅡB-Fc), anti-myostatin adnectin, ActRⅡB antibody have been tested in the last decade. The current review covers the present knowledge of several myostatin inhibitors as therapeutic approach for patients with loss of skeletal muscle however, the available information about compounds in development is limited.

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