Pain Prevalence in Nine- to 13-Year-Old School Children

BACKGROUND: Despite significant progress in the epidemiology of chronic pain in adults, major gaps remain in our understanding of the epidemiology of chronic pain in children. In particular, the incidence, prevalence and sensory characteristics of many types of pain in Canadian children are unknown.OBJECTIVES: A study to obtain the lifetime and point prevalence of common acute pains, recurrent pain syndromes and chronic pains was conducted in a cohort of 495 school children, nine to 13 years of age, in eastern Ontario.METHODS: Children reported their pain experiences and described the intensity, affect and duration of the pains experienced over the previous month by completing the Pain Experience Interview –Short Form.RESULTS: The majority of children (96%) experienced some acute pain over the previous month, with headache (78%) being most frequently reported. Lifetime prevalence for certain acute pains differed significantly by sex (P<0.05). Fifty-seven per cent of children reported experiencing at least one recurrent pain, while 6% were identified as having had or currently having chronic pain.DISCUSSION: The prevalence of acute pain in this Canadian cohort is consistent with international estimates of acute pain experiences (ie, headache) and recurrent pain problems (ie, recurring headache, abdominal pain and growing pains). However, 6% of children reported chronic pain. The self-completed Pain Experience Interview – Short Form provides a feasible administration technique for obtaining population estimates of childhood pain, and for conducting longitudinal studies to identify risk and prognostic factors for chronic pain.

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Pain and Self-Reported Health in Canadian Children

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2008/419073 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 407-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Adam van Dijk ◽

Patricia A McGrath ◽

William Pickett ◽

Elizabeth G Van Den Kerkhof

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Short Form ◽

Recurrent Pain ◽

Perceived Health Status ◽

Childhood Health ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Health Related ◽

Childhood Pain ◽

Pain Experiences

BACKGROUND: Despite increasing attention to the epidemiology of pain, relatively little is known about the association between pain and health in children. In particular, no studies have examined this relationship in the general population of children in Canada.OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between self-reported pain experiences and health in school children in southeastern Ontario. Health measures included perceived health status, psychological complaints and satisfaction with school.METHODS: A total of 495 nine-to 13-year-old school children completed the Pain Experience Interview – Short Form and health-related questions from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children questionnaire.RESULTS: Of the 495 children in the present study, 8% rated their health as ‘fair’ to ‘poor’, 56% reported experiencing at least one of four psychological symptoms more than once a week and 24% said they disliked school. The strongest associations existed between headaches and poor self-rated health (OR=10.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 78.3), recurrent pain and psychological outcomes (OR=3.6; 95% CI 2.0 to 6.3), and recurrent pain and disliking school (OR=3.6; 95% CI 1.9 to 6.7).DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that common childhood pains are associated with childhood health. Further studies are needed to assess the causal relationship between pain and health in children, to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the personal and economic impact of childhood pain, and to monitor changes in the lives of children living with chronic pain.

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Loneliness, social isolation, and pain following the COVID-19 outbreak: data from a nationwide internet survey in Japan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-240504/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keiko Yamada ◽

Kenta Wakaizumi ◽

Yasuhiko Kubota ◽

Hiroshi Murayama ◽

Takahiro Tabuchi

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Short Form ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Pain Prevalence ◽

Pain History ◽

Perceived Social Isolation

Abstract The aim of cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between pain and loneliness and increased social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 25,482 participants, aged 15–79 years, were assessed using an internet survey; the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (Version 3), Short Form 3-item (UCLA-LS3-SF3) was used to assess loneliness, and a modified item of the UCLA-LS3-SF3 was used to measure the perception of increased social isolation during the pandemic. The outcome measures included the prevalence/incidence of pain (i.e., headache, neck or shoulder pain, upper limb pain, low back pain, and leg pain), pain intensity, and chronic pain history/prevalence. Pain intensity was measured by the pain/discomfort item of the 5-level version of the EuroQol 5 Dimension scale. Odds ratios of pain prevalence/incidence and chronic pain history/prevalence according to the UCLA-LS3-SF3 scoring groups (tertiles) and the frequency of the perceived increase in social isolation (categories 1–5) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The mean pain intensity values among different loneliness and social isolation levels were tested using an analysis of covariance. Increased loneliness and the severity of the perceived social isolation were positively associated with pain prevalence/incidence, intensity, and the history/prevalence of chronic pain.

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RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN, HEADACHE AND LIMB PAINS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.3.429 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 429-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jakob Øster

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

School Children ◽

Recurrent Abdominal Pain ◽

Reaction Pattern ◽

Recurrent Pain ◽

Growing Pains

The prevalence of recurrent abdominal pain, headache, and growing pains has been investigated in an eight-year long longitudinal study on the basis of a nonselected population of school children. The prevalence of these pains was 14.4%, 20.6%, and 15.5%, respectively. Abdominal pain seems to reach a maximum at 9 years of age and headache about three years later. All three sorts of pain show a declining frequency toward adulthood. The ultimate prognosis appears to be dubious. An inquiry into the families of children with and without recurrent pain shows that these pains are part of a reaction pattern in families with an exceptional pain proneness.

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Chronic Pain Assessment: A Seven-Factor Model

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2008/976341 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 299-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Megan A Davidson ◽

Dean A Tripp ◽

Leandre R Fabrigar ◽

Paul R Davidson

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Factor Model ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Short Form ◽

Activity Level ◽

Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽

Pain Coping ◽

Pain Experience ◽

The Core

BACKGROUND: There are many measures assessing related dimensions of the chronic pain experience (eg, pain severity, pain coping, depression, activity level), but the relationships among them have not been systematically established.OBJECTIVE: The present study set out to determine the core dimensions requiring assessment in individuals with chronic pain.METHODS: Individuals with chronic pain (n=126) completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Chronic Pain Coping Index, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire – Short Form, Pain Disability Index and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.RESULTS: Before an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the nine chronic pain measures, EFAs were conducted on each of the individual measures, and the derived factors (subscales) from each measure were submitted together for a single EFA. A seven-factor model best fit the data, representing the core factors of pain and disability, pain description, affective distress, support, positive coping strategies, negative coping strategies and activity.CONCLUSIONS: Seven meaningful dimensions of the pain experience were reliably and systematically extracted. Implications and future directions for this work are discussed.

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Assessing fatigue in children and adolescents: Psychometric validation of the German version of the PROMIS® Pediatric Short Form v2.0 - Fatigue 10a in school children and pediatric chronic pain patients

Quality of Life Research ◽

10.1007/s11136-021-03032-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ariane Sommer ◽

Susanne Grothus ◽

Kamila Grochowska ◽

Benedikt B. Claus ◽

Lorin Stahlschmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

School Children ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Short Form ◽

Psychometric Validation ◽

German Version ◽

Pediatric Chronic Pain ◽

Chronic Pain Patients ◽

Pain Patients

Abstract Purpose Fatigue is a common symptom in children and adolescents. Its negative impact on health outcomes is even more pronounced in those with chronic pain. There is currently no fatigue measurement tool in German that is validated for both children and adolescents with and without chronic pain. Therefore, this study aimed to gather quantitative validity evidence to support the use of the German version of the PROMIS® Pediatric Short Form v2.0 - Fatigue 10a (PROMIS® F-SF) in the German pediatric general population as well as in German pediatric chronic pain patients. Methods The 10-item self-assessment questionnaire was validated in a sample of N = 1348 school children (9–18 years; 52.4% female) and N = 114 pediatric chronic pain patients (8–17 years; 63.3% female). Construct and convergent validity, reliability, and item and scale characteristics were examined. Results Confirmatory factor analyses showed sufficient model fit for the 1-factor model of the questionnaire (school sample: CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.10, SRMR = 0.04; patient sample: CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.14, SRMR = 0.05). Convergent validity was supported by weak-to-large significant correlations with sleep quality, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and pain characteristics. The questionnaire had excellent internal consistency in both samples (α = 0.92 and α = 0.93). Sex differences and age distributions of the PROMIS® F-SF showed that girls reported significantly higher fatigue than boys and that fatigue increased with age. Conclusion The PROMIS® F-SF is a reliable instrument with good psychometric properties. Preliminary evidence is provided that the questionnaire validly measures fatigue in children and adolescents with and without chronic pain.

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Pain in German physiotherapists: an analysis of pain prevalence and analgesics intake

physioscience ◽

10.1055/a-1397-6166 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Steiner ◽

Luis Möckel

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Online Survey ◽

Recurrent Pain ◽

Pain Location ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Pain Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Pain ◽

Pain Analgesics ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Healthcare professionals of different occupations report pain, in particular back pain. It is known that the handling of patients and standing for long periods of time – like physiotherapists do, as well as working in bent posture – are causes of back pain. A high prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in German physiotherapists is to be expected. Objective To determine pain point prevalence, severity of pain, type of pain (acute, chronic, recurrent), most affected body locations and extent of analgesics intake in German physiotherapists. Method This was a nationwide online survey with German physiotherapists. Univariable and multivariable methods were applied to identify associations between sociodemographic variables and pain, type of pain and pain location as well as analgesic intake by type of pain. In addition, severity of pain by type was examined using the Kruska-Wallis Test. Results A total of 550 physiotherapists were included in the analysis. Prevalence of pain was 63.09 % (acute: 4.18 %, chronic: 15.27 %, recurrent: 43.64 %). Most frequently mentioned pain locations were lumbar spine (49.27 %), cervical spine (48.39 %) and head (40.47 %). Participants with chronic pain reported a higher pain severity than physiotherapists with recurrent pain. Analgesics were used by 35.29 % of study participants with pain. Participants with chronic pain indicated a significantly higher probability of using analgesics compared to physiotherapists with recurrent pain. Conclusion This study indicates a high prevalence of pain and analgesics intake in participating physiotherapists. Therefore, measures are needed to reduce pain in German physiotherapists.

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Stress and Sensitization in Chronic Pain

10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Dieuwke S. Veldhuijzen ◽

Henriët van Middendorp ◽

Andrea W. M. Evers

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Acute Pain ◽

Body Parts ◽

Pain Experience ◽

Stress Regulation ◽

Multilevel Perspective ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

The Impact ◽

Motivational Account

Stress and sensitization are central concepts in chronic pain. Both can be a consequence and a contributor to the pain experience. This chapter describes the psychobiology of stress and sensitization within a multilevel perspective, indicating the impact of various forms of stress and sensitization on multiple psychoneurobiological processes (i.e., autonomic, endocrine, immune, and central processes) related to chronic pain. As a result of disordered stress regulation, sensitization may occur as a mechanism that explains how acute pain problems can become chronic and how acute pain problems can extend or generalize to other body parts or modalities. The evidence for stress and sensitization as consequences of or as contributors to chronic pain is reviewed, and possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. Next, strategies to reduce stress and sensitization and foster desensitization processes are described. The chapter concludes by introducing a motivational account of chronic pain informed by the stress and sensitization literature.

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Loneliness, social isolation, and pain following the COVID-19 outbreak: data from a nationwide internet survey in Japan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97136-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Keiko Yamada ◽

Kenta Wakaizumi ◽

Yasuhiko Kubota ◽

Hiroshi Murayama ◽

Takahiro Tabuchi

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Short Form ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Pain Prevalence ◽

Perceived Social Isolation

AbstractThe aim of cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between loneliness, increased social isolation, and pain following the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 25,482 participants, aged 15–79 years, were assessed using an internet survey; the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (Version 3), Short Form 3-item (UCLA-LS3-SF3) was used to assess loneliness, and a modified item of the UCLA-LS3-SF3 was used to measure the perception of increased social isolation during the pandemic. The outcome measures included the prevalence/incidence of pain (i.e., headache, neck or shoulder pain, upper limb pain, low back pain, and leg pain), pain intensity, and the prevalence of past/present chronic pain. Pain intensity was measured by the pain/discomfort item of the 5-level version of the EuroQol 5 Dimension scale. Odds ratios of pain prevalence/incidence and past/present chronic pain prevalence according to the UCLA-LS3-SF3 scoring groups (tertiles) and the frequency of the perceived increase in social isolation (categories 1–5) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The mean pain intensity values among different loneliness and social isolation levels were tested using an analysis of covariance. Increased loneliness and the severity of the perceived social isolation were positively associated with the prevalence/incidence of pain, pain intensity, and the prevalence of past/present chronic pain.

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The importance of professional based questionnaire in the dog’s acute and chronic pain evaluation

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.28519 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 3229

Author(s):

AK MARKOVSZKY ◽

M DANES ◽

E DUMITRESCU ◽

F MUSELIN ◽

AC STANCU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Drug Therapy ◽

Acute Pain ◽

Short Form ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Pain Patient ◽

Physiotherapy Treatment ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Pain Evaluation ◽

Reduction Of Pain

The measurement of pain levels is made differently depending if acute or chronic pain is diagnosed, objective (e.g. cortisol, prolactin, serotonin, catecholamines, or the cardiac frequency and arterial pressure evaluation) or subjective methods being imagined. All subjective methods are including questionnaires and specific additional methods. The aim was the verifying the effectiveness of drug and physiotherapy combinations by using an owner based questionnaire for the chronic patients and a veterinary professional based questionnaire for the acute pain patient group. In this study a total of 20 dogs with observable pain were selected and two groups (n = 10 / group), constituted: G1 - chronic pain, and G2 - acute pain. The treatment of dogs with acute signs of pain was made oral or injectable with NSAIDs administration and for dogs with signs of chronic pain, physiotherapy treatment and drug therapy was administered. The owners of the dogs with chronic pain received the HCPI questionnaire in order to evaluate their dog’s pain level subjectively. For the dogs with acute pain the veterinarian filled out the short form of Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). After initiating a Paired t-test in Excel 2010 with the scores obtained with HCPI and CMPS-SF, there was observed a significant reduction of pain after associated drug administration and physiotherapy and no significant evidence of acute pain after drug therapy. The used physiotherapy and drug combinations delivered a significant reduction of chronic pain, both clinically and visually mirrored in score reduction after treatments. The HCPI questionnaire could be considered a valuable tool for evaluating chronic pain in patients in the clinic environment. The CMPS-SF has also proven to be a very useful questionnaire in diagnose of acute pain and evaluation of the effectiveness of drug therapy used.

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Chronic Pain Experiences Survey

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t14794-000 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Marisa Nguyen ◽

Carlos Ugarte ◽

Ivonne Fuller ◽

Gregory Haas ◽

Russell K. Portenoy

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Experiences

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