The Kinetics of Ampicillin Release from Hydroxyapatite for Bones Regeneration

Semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics are among the most used pharmaceuticals. Their use in veterinary and human medicine is in continuous expansion. There is a growing need for developing bioactive implants. Advantages of implantable drug delivery tools can include high release efficiency, precise dose control, low toxicity, and allow to overcome disadvantages connected with conventional methods. In this respect, hydroxyapatite (HA) is an elective material. It enables to produce architectures similar to those of real bones. Here we studied a kinetic model to describe ampicillin release from HA. In the course of adsorption experiment, ampicillin was dissolved, maintained at and shaken at 60 strokes/minute. Samples were withdrawn periodically for analysis and then returned to the mixture. Adsorbed amounts were measured by the difference of the concentration of the antibiotics before and after adsorption using UV adsorption at 225 nm. The aim of this work was to evaluate its application as ampicillin delivery carrier.

Download Full-text

IMMOBILIZATION OF Saccharomycess cereviceae BIOMASS ON CHITOSAN AND ITS APPLICATION AS AN ADSORBENT FOR Pb(II) ION

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.21406 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 174-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasri Hasri ◽

Mudasir Mudasir ◽

Nurul Hidayat Aprilita ◽

Roto Roto

Keyword(s):

Optimum Condition ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Adsorption Experiment ◽

Ion Removal ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

An application of Saccharomycess cereviceae biomass immobilized on chitosan (SC-Chi adsorbent) for Pb(II) ion removal was demonstrated. Adsorption experiment was conducted at various mass ratio of Saccharomycess cereviceae biomass to chitosan, contact time, pH of solution and concentration of cation. Total Pb(II) metal ion adsorbed was calculated from the difference of the amount of metal ion before and after adsorption which was measured by AAS. The results showed that optimum condition for adsorption of Pb(II) ion by the SC-Chi was achieved using mass ratio of Saccharomycess cereviceae to chitosan of 50% (w/w), pH solution of 7, contact time of 60 min and concentration of 25 mgL-1. The hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) functional groups are believed to be responsible for the adsorption of Pb(II) ion by the adsorbent.

Download Full-text

Common Organisms Responsible for Healthcare-associated Infection (HCAI)

Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0026 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

George Jacob ◽

Martina N. Cummins

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

High Risk ◽

Local Policy ◽

Healthcare Associated Infection ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Patient Admissions ◽

Before And After ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Infectious Waste

MRSA are S. aureus which become methicillin resistant by the acquisition of the mec A gene which is on a mobile chromosomal determinant called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec). The mec A gene encodes for a penicillin- binding protein (PBP2a) which has a low affinity for isoxazolyl-penicillins (MICs to oxacillin/ meticillin ≥ 4μg/ ml) and is resistant to all classes of beta-lactam antibiotics. Current Department of Health (DOH) guidance (2014) recommends that mandatory MRSA screening be streamlined to include only: ● All patient admissions to high- risk units; ● Healthcare workers; and ● All patients previously identified as colonized or infected with MRSA. The guidance also advises Trusts to follow local risk assessment policies to identify other potential high- risk units or units with a history of high endemicity of MRSA; and The guidance also recommends regular auditing of compliance with MRSA screening policy. The 2006 guideline for the control and prevention of MRSA in healthcare facilities recommends the following four measures. ● Isolation MRSA- positive patients should be nursed in a single room or if none is available, cohorting into a bay after risk assessment. Patient movement, and the number of staff and visitors looking after the patient, should be minimized. ● Hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) All staff and visitors should decontaminate their hands with soap and water/or an alcohol rub before and after contact with the patient or their immediate surroundings. Single-use disposable gloves and aprons/non- permeable gowns should be used by staff and visitors if there is a risk of contamination with body fluids. ● Disposal of waste and laundry All waste from colonized/ infected patients should be placed in the infectious waste stream. All linen and bedding from patients colonized/infected with MRSA should be considered as contaminated and processed as infected linen. ● Cleaning and decontamination The patient’s room should be cleaned/disinfected daily with an appropriate detergent/disinfectant as per local policy. On discharge of the patient, the room needs to be terminally cleaned before it is reused. All patient equipment should either be single-patient use or be cleaned, disinfected, and sterilized.

Download Full-text

Macroporous Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics as Drug Release Agents: A Kinetics Study of Ampicillin Release

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.675 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 675-678

Author(s):

J.S.V. Albuquerque ◽

I.W.L. Franca ◽

G.F. Silva ◽

A.L.O. Ferreira ◽

R.E.F.Q. Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Kinetics Study ◽

Important Class ◽

Mineral Component ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics

Semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics are the most important class of antibacterial agents. Their use in veterinary and human medicine is in continuous expansion. Calcium phosphate bioceramics have been used in medicine and dentistry for nearly 30 years. Calcium phosphate ceramics (CPC) are nowadays being widely used as drug delivery systems because of their desirable properties such as biocompatibility, bioresorbability, controlled release etc. In recent years In this work, kinetic models to describe ampicillin adsorption from CPC were investigated. Calcium phosphate bioceramic are analogous to the mineral component of bones, its properties make it suitable for implant materials and delivery agents of drugs

Download Full-text

Beta-lactamase of Mycobacterium fortuitum: kinetics of production and relationship with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.35.9.1760 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 1760-1764 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L Fattorini ◽

G Scardaci ◽

S H Jin ◽

G Amicosante ◽

N Franceschini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Kinetics Of

Download Full-text

Prolonged Infusion of ß-lactams Decreases Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock: A Retrospective Before-and-after Study

10.20944/preprints202105.0668.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Christoph Richter ◽

Maximilian Dietrich ◽

Lazar Detelinov Lalev ◽

Felix C.F. Schmitt ◽

Mascha Onida Fiedler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Septic Shock ◽

Invasive Ventilation ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Unbound Fraction ◽

Improve Patient Survival ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽

Before And After ◽

Improve Patient

Septic shock substantially alters the pharmacokinetic properties of ß-lactams with a subsequently high risk of insufficiently low serum concentrations and treatment failure. Considering their pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) index, prolonged infusions (PI) of ß-lactams extend the time that the unbound fraction of the drug remains above the minimal inhibitory concentration MIC (ft >MIC) and may improve patient survival. The present study is a monocentric, retrospective before-and-after analysis of septic shock patients treated with ß-lactams. Patients of the years 2015-2017 received intermittent bolus application whereas patients of 2017-2020 received PI of ß-lactams. The primary outcome was mortality at day 30 and 90 after diagnosis of septic shock. Mortality rates in the PI group were significantly lower on day 30 (PI: 41%, n=119/290 vs. IB: 54.8%, n=68/114; p=0.0097) and day 90 (PI: 47.9%, n=139/290 vs. IB: 62.9%, n=78/124; p=0.005). After propensity-score matching, 30- and 90-day mortality remained lower for the PI group (-10%). PI further reduced duration of invasive ventilation. PI of β-lactam antibiotics led to a stronger decrease in SOFA scores within a 14d-observation period. PI of ß-lactams significantly reduces mortality in patients with septic shock and may have beneficial effects on invasive ventilation and recovery from sepsis-related organ failure.

Download Full-text

Kinetics of enzyme acylation and deacylation in the penicillin acylase-catalyzed synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics

European Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03728.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 270 (18) ◽

pp. 3675-3683 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Wynand B. L. Alkema ◽

Erik de Vries ◽

Rene Floris ◽

Dick B. Janssen

Keyword(s):

Penicillin Acylase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Kinetics Of

Download Full-text

Pharmacology of inhibitor-protected beta-lactam agents

10.33920/med-06-2003-05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-69

Author(s):

D. Kryukova ◽

A. Sokolov ◽

Maksim Maksimov

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Beta Lactams ◽

Antibacterial Drugs ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Key Issues ◽

Low Toxicity

Beta-lactam antibiotics are the most widely used class of antibacterial drugs, both for outpatient and hospital infections. Their further improvement in relation to overcoming the resistance of microorganisms to this group of antibiotics has given new opportunities in the treatment of severe infectious diseases. Due to the obtained high efficiency of β-lactam antibiotics and their low toxicity, they form the basis of antimicrobial chemotherapy at present. Antibiotic resistance is the phenomenon of resistance of a stain of infectious agents to the action of one or more antibacterial drugs. It is a reduced sensitivity (resistance, immunity) of a culture of microorganisms to the action of an antibacterial substance. One of the main mechanisms for the formation of bacterial resistance to them is the production of beta-lactams. To overcome the acquired resistance widespread among microorganisms, compounds have been developed that can irreversibly suppress the activity of these enzymes, the so-called beta-lactam inhibitors - clavulanic acid (clavulanate), sulbactam and tazobactam. They are used to create combined (inhibitor-protected) beta-lactams. Currently, there are several fixed combinations of beta-lactams and beta-lactam inhibitors on the pharmaceutical market. The review article presents the key issues of pharmacology of inhibitor-protected beta-lactam antibacterial drugs.

Download Full-text

The kinetics of non-stoichiometric bursts of β-lactam hydrolysis catalysed by class C β-lactamases

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2950295 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 295 (1) ◽

pp. 295-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M G P Page

Keyword(s):

Beta Lactam ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Steady State Rate ◽

State Rate ◽

Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽

Class C ◽

Burst Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Class C beta-lactamases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and several species of the Enterobacteriaceae have been observed to undergo a rapid burst in hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics before relaxation to a steady-state rate of hydrolysis. The amplitude of the burst corresponds to the hydrolysis of between 1 and 10,000 mol of the substrate per mol of enzyme. The decay of the rate of hydrolysis in the burst phase comprises two exponential reactions, which indicates that there are three different reactive states of the enzymes. Examination of the kinetics of acylation by slowly reacting beta-lactams suggests that there are three forms of the free enzyme in slow equilibrium. Thus it would appear that the burst kinetics exhibited by class C enzymes can be attributed to redistribution of the enzyme between different conformations induced by the reaction with substrate.

Download Full-text