scholarly journals Hormonal and Sex Impact on the Epidemiology of Canine Lymphoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Armando Villamil ◽  
Carolyn J. Henry ◽  
Allen W. Hahn ◽  
Jeffrey N. Bryan ◽  
Jeff W. Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
Canine Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Lymphoma Risk

The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data demonstrate that the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is lower for women, but that the incidence increases after fifty years of age, at which menopause is regularly reached, suggesting that female hormones may be protective for NHL. This study examines the influence of sex on lymphoma risk in a relevant large animal model. Records for dogs in the Veterinary Medical Database were analyzed from 1964 to 2002. Risk ratios were calculated to evaluate associations between sex, neutering status, and lymphoma occurrence. A total of 14,573 cases and 1,157,342 controls were identified. Intact females had a significantly lower risk of developing lymphoma, Odds Ratio 0.69 (0.63–0.74) with aP<.001. We conclude that there is a sex effect on NHL risk in dogs similar to humans. We hypothesize that the hormone levels of intact females lower the risk of NHL. The possibility of a protective role of endogenous estrogens in the etiology of NHL should be investigated.

scholarly journals Protective role of selectin ligand inhibition in a large animal model of kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1749-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jayle ◽  
S. Milinkevitch ◽  
F. Favreau ◽  
C. Doucet ◽  
J.P. Richer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Selectin Ligand ◽  
Kidney Ischemia

Sex, Marital Status, and Suicide in Canada: 1951–1981

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Trovato
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Differential Protection ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Canadian Data ◽  
Married State

This analysis extends earlier research concerning the protective role of marriage in people's lives. An important aspect of this general phenomenon pertains to the differential protection marriage engenders for the sexes. It is hypothesized that being married as opposed to unmarried entails a lower risk of suicide, and that marital status transitions from an unmarried state (e.g., single, widowed, divorced) to the married state entail a greater benefit for men than for women. This hypothesis is largely supported by an analysis of Canadian data covering four decades (from 1951 to 1981). Using a standardization procedure, it was discovered that a transition from single or widowed to married would entail a greater reduction in suicide risk for men than for women. In the case of a transition from divorced to married status, both sexes would benefit equally in reducing suicide potential. The analysis further demonstrates only weak support for the thesis that over time there would be a convergence in sex differences in the potential protective significance of marriage in reducing suicide risk.

scholarly journals Effect of cariporide on ram sperm pH regulation and motility: possible role of NHE1

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Muzzachi ◽  
Lorenzo Guerra ◽  
Nicola Antonio Martino ◽  
Maria Favia ◽  
Giuseppe Punzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Significant Drop

Sperm motility, a feature essential forin vivofertilization, is influenced by intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis. Several mechanisms are involved in pHiregulation, among which sodium–hydrogen exchangers (NHEs), a family of integral transmembrane proteins that catalyze the exchange of Na+for H+across lipid bilayers. A preliminary characterization of NHE activity and kinetic parameters, followed by analysis of the expression and localization of the protein in ram spermatozoa was performed. NHE activity showed an apparentKmfor external Na+of 17.61 mM. Immunoblotting revealed a molecular mass of 85 kDa. Immunolocalization pattern showed some species-specific aspects, such as positive labeling at the equatorial region of the sperm head. Cariporide, a selective NHE1 inhibitor, significantly reduced pHirecovery (85%). Similarly, exposure to cariporide significantly inhibited different motility parameters, including those related to sperm capacitation.In vitrofertilization (IVF) was not affected by cariporide, possibly due to the non-dramatic, although significant, drop in motility and velocity parameters or due to prolonged exposure during IVF, which may have caused progressive loss of its inhibitory effect. In conclusion, this is the first study documenting, in a large animal model (sheep) of well-known translational relevance, a direct functional role of NHE on sperm pHiand motility. The postulated specificity of cariporide toward isoform 1 of the Na+/H+exchanger seems to suggest that NHE1 may contribute to the observed effects on sperm cell functionality.

Mediation of stress-induced inhibition of oxytocin in farrowing sows by endogenous opioids

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 56-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Lawrence ◽  
J. C. Petherick ◽  
K. Mclean ◽  
C. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Commercial Farming

A considerable amount is now known about the endocrine and neuro-endocrine control of parturition. Far less is understood however about the effect of events which may be considered stressful on the parturition process, despite its broad relevance to animal welfare and farm animal production. There is evidence that stress can have highly disruptive effects during parturition. For example, it has been suggested, that in pigs the behaviourally restricting farrowing crates used in commercial farming practice give rise to increased inter-piglet birth intervals and piglet mortality (Vestergaard and Hansen, 1984). Recent work on rodents has suggested that inhibtion of oxytocin secretion mediated by endogenous opioids, might be responsible for prolonged parturition following an acute stress such as a mid-partum change of environment. The aim of the present work was to extend the study of the effects of stress at parturition to a large animal model. We report two studies on the effects on parturition and oxytocin secretion of movement in mid-parturition to a novel environment (environmental disturbance). In Experiment 1 the effect of this disturbance on inter-piglet interval was investigated. In Experiment 2 a fuller investigation was made of the effects of environmental disturbance on a range of measures including inter-birth interval, behaviour of the sow and plasma oxytocin and Cortisol levels. The role of opioids was investigated in both experiments by administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone.

Evidence for a protective role of placental growth factor in cardiovascular disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (572) ◽  
pp. eabc8587
Author(s):  
Yihong Chen ◽  
Anna Hultgårdh Nilsson ◽  
Isabel Goncalves ◽  
Andreas Edsfeldt ◽  
Gunnar Engström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Placental Growth Factor ◽  
Trail Receptor ◽  
Population Cohort

Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a mitogen for endothelial cells, but it can also act as a proinflammatory cytokine. Because it promotes early stages of plaque formation in experimental models of atherosclerosis and was implicated in epidemiological associations with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), PlGF has been attributed a pro-atherogenic role. Here, we investigated whether PlGF has a protective role in CVD and whether elevated PlGF reflects activation of repair processes in response to vascular stress. In a population cohort of 4742 individuals with 20 years of follow-up, high baseline plasma PlGF was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, but these associations were lost or weakened when adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors known to cause vascular stress. Exposure of cultured endothelial cells to high glucose, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or an inducer of apoptosis enhanced the release of PlGF. Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells treated with PlGF small interference RNA demonstrated that autocrine PlGF stimulation plays an important role in vascular repair responses. High expression of PlGF in human carotid plaques removed at surgery was associated with a more stable plaque phenotype and a lower risk of future cardiovascular events. When adjusting associations of PlGF with cardiovascular risk in the population cohort for plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor-2, a biomarker of cellular stress, a high PlGF/TRAIL receptor-2 ratio was associated with a lower risk. Our findings provide evidence for a protective role of PlGF in CVD.

Understanding the role of stem cells in urinary bladder regeneration - a preclinical study in a large animal model

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e537 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pokrywczynska ◽  
A. Jundzill ◽  
M. Buhl ◽  
D. Balcerczyk ◽  
M. Rasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Bladder Regeneration

scholarly journals Dissecting the Regulatory Microenvironment of a Large Animal Model of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Evidence of a Negative Prognostic Impact of FOXP3+ T Cells in Canine B Cell Lymphoma

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e105027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dammy Pinheiro ◽  
Yu-Mei Chang ◽  
Hannah Bryant ◽  
Balazs Szladovits ◽  
Tim Dalessandri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

Light Alcohol Drinking and the Risk of Cancer Development: A Controversial Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
Giuseppe G. Caprio ◽  
Desiree Picascia ◽  
Marcello Dallio ◽  
Pietro P. Vitiello ◽  
Emilio F. Giunta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Role Of Light

Background: In accordance with the scientific literature heavy alcohol consumption (>50g per day) represents a risk factor for several diseases development, including cancer. However, the oncogenic role of light alcohol drinking (<12.5g per day) is still unknown. Objective: To assess the scientific knowledge about light alcohol consumption and the risk of malignancy onset. Methods: To collect the scientific evidences regarding this topic the keywords “light alcohol drinking”, “light alcohol consumption” and “cancer”, were used. Papers published during the last 15 years were analyzed, in order to select the most recent evidence. Meta-analyses with well-defined levels of alcohol intake were included in the present review. Other studies that focused on biochemical, molecular and genetic aspects, as well as duplicate articles, were excluded. : Furthermore, a possible protective role of light alcohol consumption on the development of bladder, kidney and ovarian cancer and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma was observed. Results: Twenty-nine large, meta-analyses were included in this review. Light alcohol drinking was not associated with an increased risk of cancer occurrence, with the exception of breast and prostate cancer and melanoma. Conclusion: Light alcohol drinking was not associated with the development of several malignancies, except for a light increase of melanoma, breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.

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