scholarly journals Confinement Mechanism in the Field Correlator Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Simonov ◽  
V. I. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Gluon Condensate ◽  
String Tension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Nonperturbative Qcd

Confinement in QCD results from special properties of vacuum fluctuations of gluon fields. There are two numerically different scales, characterizing nonperturbative QCD vacuum dynamics: “small” one, corresponding to gluon condensate, critical temperature etc, which is about 0.1–0.3 GeV, and a “large” one, given by inverse confining string width, glueball and gluelump masses, and so forth, which is about 1.5–2.5 GeV. We discuss the origin of this hierarchy in a picture where confinement is ensured by quadratic colorelectric field correlators of the special type. These correlators, on the other hand, can be calculated via gluelump Green's function, whose dynamics is defined by the correlators themselves. In this way one obtains a self-consistent scheme, where string tension can be expressed in terms ofΛQCD.

scholarly journals Note on opalescence in fluids near the critical temperature

1906 ◽  
Vol 78 (524) ◽  
pp. 262-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Great Width ◽  
Other Hand

The phenomenon of opalescence at and near the critical temperature has been observed by Travers and Usher under exceptionally favourable conditions, owing to the great width (8 to 10 mm. internal diameter) of the tubes they employed. The opalescence is, however, distinctly visible, and can be studied in much narrower tubes, such as those (0·15 mm. internal diameter) used in my own investigations. The experiments of Travers and Usher were carried out, for the most part, in such a manner that the total volume of the substance investigated remained constant, while the temperature rose very slowly. In my experiments, on the other hand, the substance was kept at its critical temperature, and the volume was altered (usually diminished) by equal stages. The opalescence was always seen, but notes of its position and character were only made with a few substances—isopentane and normal pentane, hexane, and octane.

scholarly journals A self-consistent weak friction model for the tidal evolution of circumbinary planets

2019 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. A109 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Zoppetti ◽  
C. Beaugé ◽  
A. M. Leiva ◽  
H. Folonier
Keyword(s):  
Body Problem ◽  
Semimajor Axis ◽  
Orbital Evolution ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tidal Evolution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Circumbinary Planets

We present a self-consistent model for the tidal evolution of circumbinary planets that is easily extensible to any other three-body problem. Based on the weak-friction model, we derive expressions of the resulting forces and torques considering complete tidal interactions between all the bodies of the system. Although the tidal deformation suffered by each extended mass must take into account the combined gravitational effects of the other two bodies, the only tidal forces that have a net effect on the dynamic are those that are applied on the same body that exerts the deformation, as long as no mean-motion resonance exists between the masses. As a working example, we applied the model to the Kepler-38 binary system. The evolution of the spin equations shows that the planet reaches a stationary solution much faster than the stars, and the equilibrium spin frequency is sub-synchronous. The binary components, on the other hand, evolve on a longer timescale, reaching a super-synchronous solution very close to that derived for the two-body problem. The orbital evolution is more complex. After reaching spin stationarity, the eccentricity was damped in all bodies and for all the parameters analysed here. A similar effect is noted for the binary separation. The semimajor axis of the planet, on the other hand, may migrate inwards or outwards, depending on the masses and orbital parameters. In some cases the secular evolution of the system may also exhibit an alignment of the pericenters, requiring the inclusion of additional terms in the tidal model. Finally, we derived analytical expressions for the variational equations of the orbital evolution and spin rates based on low-order elliptical expansions in the semimajor axis ratioαand the eccentricities. These are found to reduce to the well-known two-body case whenα→ 0 or when one of the masses is taken as equal to zero. This model allows us to find a closed and simple analytical expression for the stationary spin rates of all the bodies, as well as predicting the direction and magnitude of the orbital migration.

Monte Carlo Simulation of Diffusion with Uniform Sinks and Sources for Vacancies

2005 ◽  
Vol 237-240 ◽  
pp. 1168-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Ženíšek ◽  
Jiří Svoboda ◽  
Franz Dieter Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Kirkendall Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Consistent

A new concept of generation and annihilation of vacancies at uniform sinks and sources for vacancies is incorporated into the standard Monte Carlo model for vacancy mediated diffusion. This model enables to treat the vacancy wind as well as the deformation of the specimen and the shift of the Kirkendall plane. The Monte Carlo model is used for the testing of the recent phenomenological theories of diffusion by Darken, Manning and Moleko. The agreement with the self-consistent Moleko theory is excellent. On the other hand the agreement with the classical Darken theory used very often for the explanation of the Kirkendall effect is rather poor.

The Representation of Visual Reality in Perceval and Parzival

PMLA ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie E. Mahler
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Wolfram Von Eschenbach ◽  
Real Motion ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Visual Reality ◽  
Surface Detail

The image projected in the reader's mind by an author's description offers a basis for comparison with the visual arts. Art historical criteria are applied to equivalent descriptions—a portrait, an architectural complex, and a scene involving motion—in the Perceval of Chrestien de Troyes and the Parzival of Wolfram von Eschenbach. Chrestien's traditional rhetorical portrait of Blancheflor is a still, frontal, symmetrical image; his description of chastel merveile gives meticulous surface detail but instead of a logical spatial connection the parts are simply juxtaposed in the plane; Gavain's fight with the lion shows no real motion but breaks down into a series of still vignettes which represent rather than show the action. On the other hand, Wolfram's portrait of Condwiramurs is glimpsed from various angles and distances as she moves through space; Schastel Marveile is vaguely described but spatially self-consistent; motion in Gawan's lion fight is continuous in both space and time. Thus Chrestien's descriptions relate to the dominant tradition of medieval art which shows figures and objects in characteristic poses or arrangements outlined in the plane, Wolfram's to that uncommon strain which attempts to cope with natural relationships, particularly those of volumes in space.

scholarly journals Self-consistent Gaussian model of nonperturbative QCD vacuum

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Bakulev ◽  
A. V. Pimikov
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Nonperturbative Qcd

Calculation of the vibration spectra of isotopic alloys using the Green's functions method

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (19) ◽  
pp. 2305-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Klvaňa
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Method ◽  
Green’S Function ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vibration Spectra ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Long Range Ordering

Three methods are developed for the calculation of the inverse Green's function of alloys. One is a perturbation method using an expansion in powers of the concentration; the other two are nonperturbational and one of these is self-consistent. Methods are developed for lattices with both short- and long-range ordering.

scholarly journals The Correlation between the Energy Gap and the Pseudogap Temperature in Cuprates: The YCBCZO and LSHCO Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Szczȩśniak ◽  
M. W. Jarosik ◽  
A. M. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hole Density ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Dimensionless Ratio

The paper analyzes the influence of the hole density, the out-of-plane or in-plane disorder, and the isotopic oxygen mass on the zero temperature energy gap (2Δ(0))Y1-xCaxBa2Cu1-yZny3O7-δ(YCBCZO) andLa1.96-xSrxHo0.04CuO4(LSHCO) superconductors. It has been found that the energy gap is visibly correlated with the value of the pseudogap temperature (T⋆). On the other hand, no correlation between 2Δ(0) and the critical temperature (TC) has been found. The above results mean that the value of the dimensionless ratio2Δ0/kBTCcan vary very strongly together with the chemical composition, while the parameter2Δ(0)/kBT⋆does not change significantly. In the paper, the analytical formula which binds the zero temperature energy gap and the pseudogap temperature has been also presented.

scholarly journals A SELF-CONSISTENT MODEL OF THE BLACK HOLE EVAPORATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1350050 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIKARU KAWAI ◽  
YOSHINORI MATSUO ◽  
YUKI YOKOKURA
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Stationary Solution ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Heat Bath ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Hole Evaporation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Collapse Process

We construct a self-consistent model which describes a black hole from formation to evaporation including the backreaction from the Hawking radiation. In the case where a null shell collapses, at the beginning the evaporation occurs, but it stops eventually, and a horizon and singularity appear. On the other hand, in the generic collapse process of a continuously distributed null matter, the black hole evaporates completely without forming a macroscopically large horizon nor singularity. We also find a stationary solution in the heat bath, which can be regarded as a normal thermodynamic object.

Infinite 3D Cubic Lattices of Identical Resistors

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
J.H. Asad
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Lattice Point ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cubic Lattices ◽  
Simple Cubic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lattice Green's Function ◽  
Lattice Green’S Function

We expressed the resistance between the origin and any lattice point in an infinite perfect Simple Cubic (i.e., SC) network rationally in terms of the known value of the Lattice Green's Function at the origin (i.e., ), and . On the other hand, we investigated the asymptotic behavior of the resistance. Finally, some numerical results has been calculated.

scholarly journals Curvature Expansion for the Gluodynamics String Including Perturbative Gluonic Contributions

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (27) ◽  
pp. 2047-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Antonov ◽  
D. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Path Integral ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Wilson Loop ◽  
Color Space ◽  
String Tension ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Qcd Vacuum ◽  
Nonperturbative Qcd ◽  
String Worldsheet

Perturbation theory, which represents a Wilson loop in the SU(2) gluodynamics as an integral over all the orientations in color space, in the nonperturbative QCD vacuum and the non-Abelian Stokes theorem is applied to a derivation of the correction to the string effective action in the lowest order in the coupling constant g. This correction is due to the interaction of perturbative gluons with the string worldsheet and affects only the coupling constant of the rigidity term, while its contribution to the string tension of the Nambu–Goto term vanishes. The obtained correction to the rigidity coupling constant multiplicatively depends on the color "spin" of the representation of the Wilson loop under consideration and a certain path integral, which includes the background Wilson loop average.

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