scholarly journals Vaginal Practices of HIV-Negative Zimbabwean Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Norris Turner ◽  
Charles S. Morrison ◽  
Marshall W. Munjoma ◽  
Precious Moyo ◽  
Tsungai Chipato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Vaginal Practices ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background. Vaginal practices (VPs) may increase HIV risk by injuring vaginal epithelium or by increasing risk of bacterial vaginosis, an established risk factor for HIV.Methods. HIV-negative Zimbabwean women (n=2,185) participating in a prospective study on hormonal contraception and HIV risk completed an ancillary questionnaire capturing detailed VP data at quarterly followup visits for two years.Results. Most participants (84%) reported ever cleansing inside the vagina, and at 40% of visits women reported drying the vagina using cloth or paper. Vaginal tightening using cloth/cotton wool, lemon juice, traditional herbs/powders, or other products was reported at 4% of visits. Women with≥15unprotected sex acts monthly had higher odds of cleansing (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.32). Women with sexually transmitted infections had higher odds of tightening (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08–1.86).Conclusion. Because certain vaginal practices were associated with other HIV risk factors, synergism between VPs and other risk factors should be explored.

Hormonal contraception and risk of sexually transmitted disease acquisition: Results from a prospective study

2001 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared M. Baeten ◽  
Patrick M. Nyange ◽  
Barbra A. Richardson ◽  
Ludo Lavreys ◽  
Bhavna Chohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
A Prospective Study

Hepatitis A and B infection and vaccination in a cohort of homosexual men in Sydney

Sexual Health ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyi Jin ◽  
Garrett P. Prestage ◽  
Catherine M. Pell ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
Paul G. Van de Ven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis A (HAV) and B (HBV) infection and vaccination in HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, and associated risk factors. Methods: An open prospective cohort study was conducted among a community-based sample of HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney in 2001–02. Participants underwent a face-to-face interview, regarding demographics, sexual behavioural risk factors and sexually transmitted infections, and blood samples were collected. They were followed annually. Results: Nine hundred and three men completed a baseline interview by the end of 2002. Among them, 68% were seropositive to hepatitis A. The seroprevalence of prior hepatitis B infection was 19%, and 53% had serological evidence of HBV vaccination. Younger men were much more likely to be seronegative, with 48% and 46% of <25-year-olds being seronegative to HAV and HBV respectively. In multivariate analysis HAV and HBV infection were associated with increasing age, greater number of lifetime sex partners and HBV infection was also associated with previous sexually transmitted infections. HAV vaccination was associated with increasing age, greater number of lifetime sex partners, overseas travel in the last year and self-reported anogenital warts. HBV vaccination was associated with higher occupational status, greater lifetime number of sex partners and previous sexually transmitted infections. Conclusion: Substantial proportions of gay community attached young homosexual men are still at risk of HAV and HBV infection. This study points to a need for vaccination strategies which ensure high levels of hepatitis A and B immunity in young sexually active gay men.

scholarly journals Effects of disengagement coping with HIV risk on unprotected sex among HIV-negative gay men in New York City.

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huso Yi ◽  
Theo G. M. Sandfort ◽  
Ariel Shidlo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
York City ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of unprotected sex in intimate partnerships of men who inject drugs: findings from a prospective intervention study

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vartika Sharma ◽  
Waimar Tun ◽  
Avina Sarna ◽  
Lopamudra R Saraswati ◽  
Minh D Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Prevention Intervention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hiv Negative

Unprotected sex, common among people who inject drugs, puts them and their partners at risk of sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This analysis assesses the changes in sexual risk behavior with regular female partners (RFPs), among married men who inject drugs, before and after implementation of a HIV prevention intervention, and identifies correlates of unprotected sex. People who inject drugs (PWID) were assessed at three points: baseline, preintervention follow-up visit (FV)1, and postintervention FV2. Descriptive analysis was used for reporting changes in sexual behavior over time. Generalized estimating equation assessed the population-averaged change in self-reported unprotected sex with an RFP, attributable to intervention uptake. Multivariable logistic regression determined correlates of self-reported unprotected sex with an RFP at FV2. Findings suggest that the proportion of men reporting any unprotected sex remained high (baseline = 46.0%, FV1 = 43.5%, FV2 = 37.0%). A reduction was observed in unprotected sex after the intervention phase, but this could not be attributed to uptake of the intervention. Higher odds of self-reported unprotected sex with an RFP in the past three months at FV2 were associated with self-reported unprotected sex at baseline, living with family, and being HIV-negative. Married male PWID should receive counseling for safe sex with RFPs, especially those who are HIV-negative and live with their families.

scholarly journals Perceptions of HIV Risk Among Internet-Using, HIV-Negative Barebacking Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Klein ◽  
David L. Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Risk Practices ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

The current study examines the risk perceptions of HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) who use the Internet to seek unprotected sex. The research questions include the following: How great do these men perceive their HIV risk to be? Are their perceptions based on HIV knowledge or related to their risk behaviors? What factors are associated with greater/lesser perceived risk? Results revealed that more than half of the men believed that they had no or only a slight chance of contracting HIV. Risk perceptions were not related to HIV knowledge or to involvement in HIV risk practices. Four factors were identified as being associated with greater perception of HIV risk: self-identity as a sexual “bottom,” having sex while high, greater use of bareback-focused websites, and younger age. Internet-using HIV-negative men who have sex with men tend to underestimate their risk for acquiring HIV, and interventions need to help them accurately assess their risk.

scholarly journals Combating STI Epidemic: Community Perspectives Learned from Mixed-Gender Focus Group Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Islam ◽  
Laura Vinson ◽  
Sherri Nared ◽  
Ira Combs ◽  
Melissa Tibbits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Study Team ◽  
Mixed Gender

Background. Since 2004, Douglas County in Nebraska has been experiencing higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than the rest of the state. Northern Omaha has been considered to be one of the “hot spots” for STIs in the county. In 2011-2012, a focus group study was conducted to investigate the community’s perception of STIs and to identify strategies to increase the testing and treatment of STIs. Methods. Fourteen young adults were recruited to participate in two mixed-gender focus group sessions, each lasting 1.5 hours. Sessions covered various topics on STIs. Audio-recorded sessions were transcribed and analyzed by the study team. Results. Participants were aware of the STI problem in their community. They identified risk factors for STIs included careless sexual behavior, unprotected sex, and lack of communication with parents. Participants believed that the club environment and drug and alcohol use contribute to risky sexual behavior. Participants perceived lack of confidentiality as the most important barrier to getting tested. The most important reason for not seeking treatment was lack of awareness about the signs of infection. Participants called for measures to increase trustworthy relationships with the health care system and suggested opening more testing and treatment sites. Discussion. The uniqueness of our study is that it is the first conducted epidemiological study in this population to better understand risk factors of STIs specific to this population. The study identified several important factors that may assist in future interventions to reduce STIs in this population.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Screening for Genital Chlamydial Infections in Asymptomatic Men: Strategies and Costs Using a Urine PCR Assay

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna W Peeling ◽  
Baldwin Toye ◽  
Peter Jessamine ◽  
Ian Gemmill
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Study Participants

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cost saving strategies to screen for genital chlamydial infection in men using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology.METHODS: Men with no urethral symptoms presenting to a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were recruited. Study participants underwent a questionnaire interview. Urethral swabs were taken to perform a smear for polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and for the detection ofChlamydia trachomatisby culture and PCR. First-catch urine was collected for a leukocyte esterase test (LET) and PCR.RESULTS:C trachomatisinfection was detected in 36 of 463 (7.8%) men. LET and PMN were positive in 10 (28%) and 12 (33%) infected men, respectively. Risk factors for chlamydial infection were younger than age 25 years, LET-positive, PMN-positive and STD contact (P<0.001). The direct cost of genital chlamydial infection in men in Canada has been previously estimated at $381/case. Based on a sensitivity of 90% for urine PCR, the estimated direct cost of testing all participants to detect 32 cases was $453/case. Using risk factors recommended in the Canadian STD Guidelines (age younger than 25 years, new partner, STD contact or unprotected sex), the same number of cases would have been detected by testing only 384 men at $376/case. Using age younger than 25 years or STD contact as the screening criterion, 78% of those infected would have been detected at $259/case, and no new cases would have been detected by adding LET-positive or PMN-positive as risk factors.CONCLUSION: Targeted screening for chlamydial infection using urine PCR assay and risk factors recommended in the Canadian guidelines could substantially reduce the cost of screening at a STD clinic setting. LET and PMN smear did not appear to be useful indicators of chlamydial infection in this population.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of HCV and HIV Antibodies in Tuberculosis Confirmed Patients in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
O. Ojo-Bola ◽  
T. Fagbuyiro ◽  
T. O. Korode ◽  
A. A. Adebowale ◽  
C. T. Omisakin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HCV and HIV antibodies in TB confirmed patient attending the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Ido Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of 500 tuberculosis confirmed patients were selected by random sampling. Their blood samples were collected and assayed for HCV and HIV antibodies using Clinotech diagnostic Anti-HCV detection test and Abbot determine HIV ½  in conjunction with Chembio HIV ½ STAT-PAK assay kit respectively. Out of 500 TB patients tested, 10(2.0%), 21(4.2%) and 3(0.6%) tested positive to HCV, HIV, and HCV/HIV antibodies respectively. Age group 36-45 was the most prevalence of HCV, HIV, and HCV/HIV antibodies with P-value 0.000, 0.000 and 0.002 respectively. The associated risk factors were alcoholism 14 (45.2%), being the highest identified risk factor, followed by previous unprotected sex, multiple sex partner, previous blood donor, previous transfusion, tattoos, and history of the Sexually transmitted disease being the least risk factor 3 (9.68%). The degree of disparity in regards to HCV, HIV and co-exists of HCV/HIV antibodies between 302 male and 198 female that participated were not statistically significant. (P-value 0.531, 0.549,and 0.824 for HCV, HIV and HCV/HIV antibodies respectively).These findings confirmed that both HCV and HIV can co-exist in TB patients, and may increase the risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, if overlooked, there will be a greater risk for TB patients, and these infections will continue to spread through the associated risk factors. However, in managing the TB patients, there is a need to screen for Anti- HCV, as it has been for HIV antibody.

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