scholarly journals Arogyasree: An Enhanced Grid-Based Approach to Mobile Telemedicine

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Kailasam ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Janakiram Dharanipragada
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Remote Healthcare ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Store And Forward ◽  
Model Features ◽  
Scalable Internet

A typical telemedicine system involves a small set of hospitals providing remote healthcare services to a small section of the society using dedicated nodal centers. However, in developing nations like India where majority live in rural areas that lack specialist care, we envision the need for much larger Internet-based telemedicine systems that would enable a large pool of doctors and hospitals to collectively provide healthcare services to entire populations. We propose a scalable, Internet-based P2P architecture for telemedicine integrating multiple hospitals, mobile medical specialists, and rural mobile units. This system, based on the store and forward model, features a distributed context-aware scheduler for providing timely and location-aware telemedicine services. Other features like zone-based overlay structure and persistent object space abstraction make the system efficient and easy to use. Lastly, the system uses the existing internet infrastructure and supports mobility at doctor and patient ends.

EMERGENCY HEALTH CARE AND FOLLOW-UP TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM FOR RURAL AREAS BASED ON LABVIEW

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Patil ◽  
K. Subba Rao ◽  
K. Satyanarayan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Specialist Doctor ◽  
Store And Forward ◽  
Patient Side ◽  
Remote Client

This paper presents the design and development of a prototype for remote ECG data transmission based on Internet-enabled health care services and telemedicine fundamentals. An ECG acquisition system developed by the authors is used to acquire the ECG signal in lead-II configuration from patient and store it in .lvm format in a PC interfaced to patient module through RS232. This unit (data server) on the patient side then transfers the data to a remote client (on doctor's side) using TCP/IP as network protocol on LabVIEW 8.20 environment. Using this device, a specialist doctor can telematically move to the patient site and instruct medical personnel when handling a patient. During the last years, more and more modern tools have found their ways to different tasks during the design, the realization, and data processing in the area of Internet access to the e-health services. The telemedicine system demonstrated in this work is a combined real-time and store-and-forward facility.

Modeling Emergency and Telemedicine Heath Support System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weider D. Yu ◽  
Radhika Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Support System ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Prescribe Medication ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Remote Healthcare ◽  
Health Support ◽  
Performance Statistics

This paper examines the study of healthcare services provided through a telemedicine oriented Emergency Health Support System (EHSS). This study caters to the needs of senior citizens, but can be extended to a larger population. The main goals are to model the support system in Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) using Cloud Computing and study its performance. The paper compares a system deployed in the cloud versus a co-located environment based on data gathered from the prototype. The emergency support system has a 24/7 remote healthcare monitoring of registered users and provides immediate support in case of a healthcare emergency. The telemedicine system empowers the physicians to prescribe medication based on the users’ vitals, via email, instant messaging, or phone. The system can be based on the platform of Cloud Computing to not only improve performance, but also cut down on computing and networking resource requirements to a large extent. A prototype of Emergency Health Support System has been developed and the system has been modeled and tested to derive performance statistics of the system’s capability.

scholarly journals An Unsupervised Behavioral Modeling and Alerting System Based on Passive Sensing for Elderly Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Rui Hu ◽  
Bruno Michel ◽  
Dario Russo ◽  
Niccolò Mora ◽  
Guido Matrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Remote Healthcare

Artificial Intelligence in combination with the Internet of Medical Things enables remote healthcare services through networks of environmental and/or personal sensors. We present a remote healthcare service system which collects real-life data through an environmental sensor package, including binary motion, contact, pressure, and proximity sensors, installed at households of elderly people. Its aim is to keep the caregivers informed of subjects’ health-status progressive trajectory, and alert them of health-related anomalies to enable objective on-demand healthcare service delivery at scale. The system was deployed in 19 households inhabited by an elderly person with post-stroke condition in the Emilia–Romagna region in Italy, with maximal and median observation durations of 98 and 55 weeks. Among these households, 17 were multi-occupancy residences, while the other 2 housed elderly patients living alone. Subjects’ daily behavioral diaries were extracted and registered from raw sensor signals, using rule-based data pre-processing and unsupervised algorithms. Personal behavioral habits were identified and compared to typical patterns reported in behavioral science, as a quality-of-life indicator. We consider the activity patterns extracted across all users as a dictionary, and represent each patient’s behavior as a ‘Bag of Words’, based on which patients can be categorized into sub-groups for precision cohort treatment. Longitudinal trends of the behavioral progressive trajectory and sudden abnormalities of a patient were detected and reported to care providers. Due to the sparse sensor setting and the multi-occupancy living condition, the sleep profile was used as the main indicator in our system. Experimental results demonstrate the ability to report on subjects’ daily activity pattern in terms of sleep, outing, visiting, and health-status trajectories, as well as predicting/detecting 75% hospitalization sessions up to 11 days in advance. 65% of the alerts were confirmed to be semantically meaningful by the users. Furthermore, reduced social interaction (outing and visiting), and lower sleep quality could be observed during the COVID-19 lockdown period across the cohort.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Registration in Europe—Narrative Review

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Elitsa Hristova ◽  
Darina Koseva ◽  
Zornitsa Zlatarova ◽  
Klara Dokova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening ◽  
Remote Assessment ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Almost All

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable vision impairment and blindness in the European Region. Despite the fact that almost all European countries have some kind of prophylactic eye examination for people with diabetes, the examinations are not properly arranged and are not organized according to the principles of screening in medicine. In 2021, the current COVID-19 pandemic moved telemedicine to the forefront healthcare services. Due to that, a lot more patients could benefit from comfortable and faster access to ophthalmology specialist care. This study aimed to conduct a narrative literature review on current DR screening programs and registries in the European Union for the last 20 years. With the implementation of telemedicine in daily medical practice, performing screening programs became much more attainable. Remote assessment of retinal pictures simultaneously saves countries time, money, and other resources.

scholarly journals Impact of regional socioeconomic variation on coordination and cost of ambulatory care: investigation of claims data from Bavaria, Germany

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mehring ◽  
Ewan Donnachie ◽  
Antonius Schneider ◽  
Martin Tauscher ◽  
Roman Gerlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
District Level ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Physician Density

ObjectivesA considerable proportion of regional variation in healthcare use and health expenditures is to date still unexplained. The aim was to investigate regional differences in the gatekeeping role of general practitioners and to identify relevant explanatory variables at patient and district level in Bavaria, Germany.DesignRetrospective routine data analysis using claims data held by the Bavarian Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians.ParticipantsAll patients who consulted a specialist in ambulatory practice within the first quarter of 2011 (n=3 616 510).Outcomes measuresOf primary interest is the effect of district-level measures of rurality, physician density and multiple deprivation on (1) the proportion of patients with general practitioner (GP) coordination of specialist care and (2) the mean amount in Euros claimed by specialist physicians.ResultsThe proportion of patients whose use of specialist services was coordinated by a GP was significantly higher in rural areas and in highly deprived regions, as compared with urban and less deprived regions. The hierarchical models revealed that increasing age and the presence of chronic diseases are the strongest predictive factors for coordination by a GP. In contrast, the presence of mental illness, an increasing number of medical condition categories and living in a city are predictors for specialist use without GP coordination. The amount claimed per patient was €10 to €20 higher in urban districts and in regions with lower deprivation. Hierarchical models indicate that this amount is on average higher for patients living in towns and lower for patients in regions with high deprivation.ConclusionThe present study shows that regional deprivation is closely associated with the way in which patients access primary and specialist care. This has clear consequences, both with respect to the role of the general practitioner and the financial costs of care.

scholarly journals A Long-range Context-aware Platform Design For Rural Monitoring With IoT In Precision Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz TAŞKIN ◽  
Selçuk YAZAR
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Iot Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) applications has been developing greatly in recent years to solve communication problems, especially in rural areas. Within the IoT, the context-awareness paradigm, especially in precision agricultural practices, has come to a state of the planning of production time. As smart cities approach, the smart environment approach also increases its place in IoT applications and has dominated research in recent years in literature. In this study, soil and environmental information were collected in 17 km diameter in rural area with developed Long Range (LoRa) based context-aware platform. With the developed sensor and actuator control unit, soil moisture at 5 cm and 30 cm depth and soil surface temperature information were collected and the communication performance was investigated. During the study, the performance measurements of the developed Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) enabled Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) gateway were also performed.

scholarly journals Teledermatology in the Saudi Arabian Healthcare System: Utilization and Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Alhanouf A. Bin Dakhil ◽  
Saad Altalhab
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
System Utilization ◽  
Store And Forward

<b><i>Background:</i></b> In recent years, telemedicine has led to a dramatic shift in healthcare service delivery, mainly due to the ease with which telemedicine can be integrated into a multitude of specialties and its flexibility as a means of providing care. Over the last 2 decades, technological advancements have made telemedicine integral to healthcare in many countries. In particular, dermatology was benefited from telemedicine as a new tool, thanks to the visual character that pervades this practice. Teledermatology is the interactive practice of remote dermatological assessment, involving live contact with patients (“live interactive”) and data access and retrieval (“store-and-forward”). This review discusses the role of this new discipline in medical education, inpatient care, and primary care through the analysis of several studies addressing this topic. Also examined are the status and limitations of teledermatology in Saudi Arabia and some proposed solutions. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Visual assessment of dermatological conditions is common practice among dermatologists. However, due to the scarcity of specialists in some areas, wait times have been a hindrance for patients requiring an assessment. Teledermatology improves access by reducing wait times, speeding up the referral process, and streamlining assessments. Furthermore, teledermatology effectively serves as a form of triage, particularly for cases of suspected cutaneous malignancy that typically require the shortest referral time. Earlier diagnoses, more effective management of chronic skin disease, and inpatient care are all additional benefits offered by the teledermatology practice. The use of teledermatology is now widespread, with roles extending beyond patient care to medical teaching and training in residency programs. This perhaps reflects physicians’ highly positive perceptions regarding teledermatology; however, patient perception in Saudi Arabia is still lagging behind the global standard, possibly due to privacy concerns. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> Teledermatology can be reliably utilized to advance healthcare services and medical education. Improving patient awareness and perception of this emerging discipline is crucial; to that end, the practice must address privacy concerns. Patient uploads of photographs and videos should be stored on an end-to-end encrypted platform to provide optimal service and encourage patients’ participation. Ultimately, physicians should be well acquainted with the medical, ethical, and technical aspects of teledermatology.

Challenges Facing Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries and Solution Approaches

2018 ◽  
pp. 515-559
Author(s):  
Thierry O. C. Edoh ◽  
Pravin Amrut Pawar ◽  
Laura Y. Loko
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Traditional Practitioners ◽  
Remote Care ◽  
Site Test

This chapter describes a case study of the poor access to healthcare in the developing the countries with more focus on the rural areas and presents an adapted remote care delivery system approach for improving and increasing the access to healthcare services by overcoming certain cultural, social, financial, and linguistic barriers. The remote care delivery system integrates traditional practitioners because most people are more confident with the traditional medicine. The chapter presents the results of a practical on-site test of the proposed system. The test has shown the potentiality of the proposed system to improve the quality and effectiveness of healthcare and increase the accessibility of healthcare systems. The chapter also discusses the obstacles for applying standard telemedicine systems and e-health solutions in the developing world.

Challenges Facing Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries and Solution Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 1533-1577
Author(s):  
Thierry O. C. Edoh ◽  
Pravin Amrut Pawar ◽  
Laura Y. Loko
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Traditional Practitioners ◽  
Remote Care ◽  
Site Test

This chapter describes a case study of the poor access to healthcare in the developing the countries with more focus on the rural areas and presents an adapted remote care delivery system approach for improving and increasing the access to healthcare services by overcoming certain cultural, social, financial, and linguistic barriers. The remote care delivery system integrates traditional practitioners because most people are more confident with the traditional medicine. The chapter presents the results of a practical on-site test of the proposed system. The test has shown the potentiality of the proposed system to improve the quality and effectiveness of healthcare and increase the accessibility of healthcare systems. The chapter also discusses the obstacles for applying standard telemedicine systems and e-health solutions in the developing world.

The Context-Security Nexus in Ubiquitous Computing

2016 ◽  
pp. 660-679
Author(s):  
M. Fahim Ferdous Khan ◽  
Ken Sakamura
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Context Awareness ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Access Control Models ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Right

Context-awareness is a quintessential feature of ubiquitous computing. Contextual information not only facilitates improved applications, but can also become significant security parameters – which in turn can potentially ensure service delivery not to anyone anytime anywhere, but to the right person at the right time and place. Specially, in determining access control to resources, contextual information can play an important role. Access control models, as studied in traditional computing security, however, have no notion of context-awareness; and the recent works in the nascent field of context-aware access control predominantly focus on spatio-temporal contexts, disregarding a host of other pertinent contexts. In this paper, with a view to exploring the relationship of access control and context-awareness in ubiquitous computing, the authors propose a comprehensive context-aware access control model for ubiquitous healthcare services. They explain the design, implementation and evaluation of the proposed model in detail. They chose healthcare as a representative application domain because healthcare systems pose an array of non-trivial context-sensitive access control requirements, many of which are directly or indirectly applicable to other context-aware ubiquitous computing applications.

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