scholarly journals Immortalized Adult Rodent Schwann Cells as In Vitro Models to Study Diabetic Neuropathy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Sango ◽  
Hiroko Yanagisawa ◽  
Shizuka Takaku ◽  
Emiko Kawakami ◽  
Kazuhiko Watabe
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Polyol Pathway ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Adult Mice

We have established spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell lines from normal adult mice and rats and murine disease models. One of the normal mouse cell lines, IMS32, possesses some biological properties of mature Schwann cells and high proliferative activities. The IMS32 cells under hyperglycemic and/or hyperlipidemic conditions have been utilized to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, especially the polyol pathway hyperactivity, glycation, increased oxidative stress, and reduced synthesis of neurotrophic factors. In addition to the mouse cell lines, our current study focuses on the characterization of a normal rat cell line, IFRS1, under normal and high glucose conditions. These Schwann cell lines can be valuable tools for exploring the detailed mechanisms leading to diabetic neuropathy and novel therapeutic approaches against that condition.

scholarly journals Reappraisal of Human HOG and MO3.13 Cell Lines as a Model to Study Oligodendrocyte Functioning

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. A. De Kleijn ◽  
Wieteke A. Zuure ◽  
Jolien Peijnenborg ◽  
Josje M. Heuvelmans ◽  
Gerard J. M. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Sheath Formation ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for proper brain functioning and requires mature myelinating oligodendrocytes (myOLs). The human OL cell lines HOG and MO3.13 have been widely used as in vitro models to study OL (dys) functioning. Here we applied a number of protocols aimed at differentiating HOG and MO3.13 cells into myOLs. However, none of the differentiation protocols led to increased expression of terminal OL differentiation or myelin-sheath formation markers. Surprisingly, the applied protocols did cause changes in the expression of markers for early OLs, neurons, astrocytes and Schwann cells. Furthermore, we noticed that mRNA expression levels in HOG and MO3.13 cells may be affected by the density of the cultured cells. Finally, HOG and MO3.13 co-cultured with human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells did not show myelin formation under several pro-OL-differentiation and pro-myelinating conditions. Together, our results illustrate the difficulty of inducing maturation of HOG and MO3.13 cells into myOLs, implying that these oligodendrocytic cell lines may not represent an appropriate model to study the (dys)functioning of human (my)OLs and OL-linked disease mechanisms.

Malignant hematopoietic cell lines: In vitro models for the study of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphomas

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans G. Drexler ◽  
Stefan Ehrentraut ◽  
Stefan Nagel ◽  
Sonja Eberth ◽  
Roderick A.F. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Lines

Hepatoma Cell Cultures as In Vitro Models for the Hepatotoxicity of Xenobiotics

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Margherita Ferro ◽  
Anna Maria Bassi ◽  
Giorgio Nanni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Formation Efficiency ◽  
Dose Dependent

Two hepatoma cell cultures were examined as in vitro models to be used in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests without the addition of bioactivating enzymes. The MH1C1, and HTC hepatoma lines were used in this study to establish their sensitivity to a number of xenobiotics, namely, cyclophosphamide (CP), the classical positive control in bioactivation tests; benzaldehyde (BA), a short-chain aldehyde; and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major toxic end-product of the peroxidative degradation of cell membrane lipids. As a first approach, we compared the following cytotoxicity tests: release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and colony formation efficiency (CF). Colony-forming cells were exposed to the drugs according to different procedures, before or after the anchorage phase. The leakage of LDH into the medium following exposure of both cell lines to HNE, CP and BA for up to 24 hours was found not to be a good index of cytotoxicity. A better indicator of cytotoxicity was CF, as evaluated by exposure of the cells 24 hours after seeding. The effects were detectable at very low concentrations, corresponding to 10, 90 and 100μM for HNE, CP and BA, respectively. The impairment of CF efficiency was dose-dependent and time-dependent, and several differences between the two cell lines were observed.

scholarly journals Interleukin-4 Regulates the Expression of CD209 and Subsequent Uptake of Mycobacterium leprae by Schwann Cells in Human Leprosy

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4634-4643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane M. B. Teles ◽  
Stephan R. Krutzik ◽  
Maria T. Ochoa ◽  
Rosane B. Oliveira ◽  
Euzenir N. Sarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Specific Cell

ABSTRACT The ability of microbial pathogens to target specific cell types is a key aspect of the pathogenesis of infectious disease. Mycobacterium leprae, by infecting Schwann cells, contributes to nerve injury in patients with leprosy. Here, we investigated mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction in the peripheral nerve lesions of leprosy. We found that the expression of the C-type lectin, CD209, known to be expressed on tissue macrophages and to mediate the uptake of M. leprae, was present on Schwann cells, colocalizing with the Schwann cell marker, CNPase (2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase), along with the M. leprae antigen PGL-1 in the peripheral nerve biopsy specimens. In vitro, human CD209-positive Schwann cells, both from primary cultures and a long-term line, have a higher binding of M. leprae compared to CD209-negative Schwann cells. Interleukin-4, known to be expressed in skin lesions from multibacillary patients, increased CD209 expression on human Schwann cells and subsequent Schwann cell binding to M. leprae, whereas Th1 cytokines did not induce CD209 expression on these cells. Therefore, the regulated expression of CD209 represents a common mechanism by which Schwann cells and macrophages bind and take up M. leprae, contributing to the pathogenesis of leprosy.

Remyelination of Demyelinated CNS Axons by Transplanted Human Schwann Cells: The Deleterious Effect of Contaminating Fibroblasts

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. H. Brierley ◽  
A. J. Crang ◽  
Y. Iwashita ◽  
J. M. Gilson ◽  
N. J. Scolding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Cell Implantation

Areas of demyelination can be remyelinated by transplanting myelin-forming cells. Schwann cells are the naturally remyelinating cells of the peripheral nervous system and have a number of features that may make them attractive for cell implantation therapies in multiple sclerosis, in which spontaneous but limited Schwann cell remyelination has been well documented. Schwann cells can be expanded in vitro, potentially affording the opportunity of autologous transplantation; and they might also be spared the demyelinating process in multiple sclerosis. Although rat, cat, and monkey Schwann cells have been transplanted into rodent demyelinating lesions, the behavior of transplanted human Schwann cells has not been evaluated. In this study we examined the consequences of injecting human Schwann cells into areas of acute demyelination in the spinal cords of adult rats. We found that transplants containing significant fibroblast contamination resulted in deposition of large amounts of collagen and extensive axonal degeneration. However, Schwann cell preparations that had been purified by positive immunoselection using antibodies to human low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor containing less than 10% fibroblasts were associated with remyelination. This result indicates that fibroblast contamination of human Schwann cells represents a greater problem than would have been appreciated from previous studies.

Leukemia cell lines: In vitro models for the study of acute promyelocytic leukemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Drexler ◽  
H. Quentmeier ◽  
R.A.F. MacLeod ◽  
C.C. Uphoff ◽  
Z.-B. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Cell Lines

scholarly journals Comparing various epithelial cell lines as in vitro models for Francisella tularensis non‐phagocytic infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Y Lo ◽  
Michael D Chua ◽  
Salima Abdulla ◽  
HT Law ◽  
Julian A Guttman
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Epithelial Cell Lines

scholarly journals In vitro analysis of the oligodendrocyte lineage in mice during demyelination and remyelination.

1990 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Armstrong ◽  
V L Friedrich ◽  
K V Holmes ◽  
M Dubois-Dalcq
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Murine Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Igf I

A demyelinating disease induced in C57B1/6N mice by intracranial injection of a coronavirus (murine hepatitis virus strain A59) is followed by functional recovery and efficient CNS myelin repair. To study the biological properties of the cells involved in this repair process, glial cells were isolated and cultured from spinal cords of these young adult mice during demyelination and remyelination. Using three-color immunofluorescence combined with [3H]thymidine autoradiography, we have analyzed the antigenic phenotype and mitotic potential of individual glial cells. We identified oligodendrocytes with an antibody to galactocerebroside, astrocytes with an antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein, and oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells with the O4 antibody. Cultures from demyelinated tissue differed in several ways from those of age-matched controls: first, the total number of O-2A lineage cells was strikingly increased; second, the O-2A population consisted of a higher proportion of O4-positive astrocytes and cells of mixed oligodendrocyte-astrocyte phenotype; and third, all the cell types within the O-2A lineage showed enhanced proliferation. This proliferation was not further enhanced by adding PDGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to the defined medium. However, bFGF and IGF-I seemed to influence the fate of O-2A lineage cells in cultures of demyelinated tissue. Basic FGF decreased the percentage of cells expressing galactocerebroside. In contrast, IGF-I increased the relative proportion of oligodendrocytes. Thus, O-2A lineage cells from adult mice display greater phenotypic plasticity and enhanced mitotic potential in response to an episode of demyelination. These properties may be linked to the efficient remyelination achieved in this demyelinating disease.

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