scholarly journals Role of Interleukin-10 in Malaria: Focusing on Coinfection with Lethal and Nonlethal Murine Malaria Parasites

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Niikura ◽  
Shin-Ichi Inoue ◽  
Fumie Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Severe Pathology ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Interleukin- (IL-) 10, anti-inflammatory cytokine, is known to inhibit the protective immune responses against malaria parasites and to be involved in exacerbating parasitemia duringPlasmodiuminfection. In contrast, IL-10 is regarded as necessary for suppressing severe pathology duringPlasmodiuminfection. Here, we summarize the role of IL-10 during murine malaria infection, focusing especially on coinfection with lethal and nonlethal strains of malaria parasites. Recent studies have demonstrated that the major sources of IL-10 are subpopulations of CD4+T cells in humans and mice infected withPlasmodium. We also discuss the influence of innate immunity on the induction of CD4+T cells during murine malaria coinfection.

Interleukin-19 as an Immunoregulatory Cytokine

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Fujimoto ◽  
Nobuyuki Kuramoto ◽  
Masanori Yoneyama ◽  
Yasu-Taka Azuma
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Immunoregulatory Cytokine ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

IL-19 is a type of anti-inflammatory cytokine. Since the receptor for IL-19 is common to IL-20 and IL-24, it is important to clarify the role of each of the three cytokines. If three different cytokines bind to the same receptor, these three may have been produced to complement the other two. However, perhaps it is unlikely. Recently, the existence of a novel receptor for IL-19 was suggested. The distinction between the roles of the three cytokines still makes sense. On the other hand, because T cells do not produce IL-19, their role in acquired immunity is limited or indirect. It has been reported that IL-19 causes inflammation in some diseases but does not have an anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, we introduce the current role of IL-19 in each disease. In addition, we will describe the molecular mechanism of IL-19 and its development for the prevention of diseases. IL-19 was previously considered an anti-inflammatory cytokine, but we would like to propose it as an immunoregulatory cytokine.

scholarly journals The Role of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 in Tissue Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily H. Steen ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Swathi Balaji ◽  
Manish J. Butte ◽  
Paul L. Bollyky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Tissue Fibrosis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

scholarly journals The Prognostic Determinant of Interleukin-10 in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Analysis from the Perspective of Disease Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wen Sun ◽  
Shuhui Wang ◽  
Shanji Nan
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Background. In patients with ischemic stroke, the role of anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in predicting risk and outcomes is not very clear. This study is aimed at prospectively assessing the prognostic determinant value of IL-10 in patients with acute ischemic stroke in a cohort of Chinese people. Methods. In a prospective cohort study, consecutive first-ever patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to our hospital were included from October 2019 to October 2020. The serum level of IL-10 was measured at baseline. A structured follow-up telephone interview was performed on day 90 after admission. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of IL-10 to predict the poor functional outcome (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 6) and mortality. Results. The median age of the 236 enrolled patients was 65 years (interquartile range (IQR), 56-76), and 57.6% were male. There was a negative correlation between the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and IL-10 serum levels ( r   Spearman = − 0.221 , P = 0.001 ). Patients with elevated IL-10 levels (> the highest quartile = 5.24   pg / mL ; n = 79 ) were at significantly lower risk of poor functional outcomes (odds ratio (OR), 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.19 to 0.63; P < 0.001 ) and mortality ( OR = 0.24 ; 95% CI = 0.11 –0.52; P < 0.001 ) compared with patients with IL-10 levels in the lowest three quartiles. Conclusions. Reduced serum levels of IL-10 were independently associated with both the clinical severity at admission and a poor functional prognosis in ischemic stroke patients, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was an important prognostic determinant.

Abstract 43: Renal Hemodynamic and Excretory Responses to Systemic Administration of Interleukin-10 in Anesthetized Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Castillo ◽  
Dewan S Majid
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Renal Responses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Recent studies have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) is normally present in plasma and its protein is constitutively expressed in the renal tissue. However, the possible role of IL-10 in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and excretory function is not yet clearly defined. In the present study, we have examined the systemic and renal responses to intravenous administration of incremental doses of recombinant mouse IL-10 (0.015, 0.075 and 0.15 ng/min/g ; 45 min in each dose) in anesthetized mice (n=5). To determine the specificity of IL-10 actions, the responses to the middle dose were also assessed in the presence of its receptor antagonist, (mouse IL-10 Rα antibody; 1.5 ng/min/g; R&D system) in a separate group of mice (n=6). Standard clearance techniques were used to assess renal responses to infusions of IL-10 and its receptor antagonist. Renal blood flow (RBF) was determined by PAH clearances and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by inulin clearance. Infusion of IL-10 doses resulted in significant decreases in systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP; 98±1.9 to 89±3.9, 88±2.6 and 84±3.3 mmHg) and renal vascular resistance (RVR, 13.5±1.1 to 9.1±0.6, 7.1±0.5 and 7.1±0.5 mmHg/mL/min/g), increases in RBF (7.4±0.5 to 9.7±0.6, 10.6±0.5 and 9.8±0.6 mL/min/g) and GFR (1.06±0.05 to 1.45±0.13, 1.51±0.13 and 1.53±0.28 mL/min/g) without significant changes in urine flow (6.6±0.5 to 5.3±0.5, 5.5±1.1 and 5.3±1.1 μL/min/g ) or sodium excretion (0.58±0.08 to 0.52±0.18, 0.57±0.19 and 0.69±0.26 μmol/min/g). Administration of IL-10 receptor antagonist alone did not cause significant changes in MAP (90±3.7 to 89±5.3 mmHg), RVR (11.5±1.9 to 11.6±3.0 mmHg/mL/min/g), RBF (8.8±1.3 to 10.4±2.5 mL/min/g), GFR (1.06±0.08 to 1.20±0.19 mL/min/g) or other renal parameters. Infusion of the middle dose of IL-10 in the receptor antagonist pretreated mice failed to cause significant changes in RBF or GFR or other parameters confirming the specificity of its receptor activity in the mediation of observed renal responses to IL-10 infusion. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 exerts vasodilator and hyper-filtration effects in the kidney but minimally influences the renal excretory function.

scholarly journals Role of Alternative Splicing in Regulating Host Response to Viral Infection

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Kuo-Chieh Liao ◽  
Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Type I ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Host Virus Interactions

The importance of transcriptional regulation of host genes in innate immunity against viral infection has been widely recognized. More recently, post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have gained appreciation as an additional and important layer of regulation to fine-tune host immune responses. Here, we review the functional significance of alternative splicing in innate immune responses to viral infection. We describe how several central components of the Type I and III interferon pathways encode spliced isoforms to regulate IFN activation and function. Additionally, the functional roles of splicing factors and modulators in antiviral immunity are discussed. Lastly, we discuss how cell death pathways are regulated by alternative splicing as well as the potential role of this regulation on host immunity and viral infection. Altogether, these studies highlight the importance of RNA splicing in regulating host–virus interactions and suggest a role in downregulating antiviral innate immunity; this may be critical to prevent pathological inflammation.

scholarly journals Expansion of Functional Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Controlled Human Malaria Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Lamsfus Calle ◽  
Rolf Fendel ◽  
Anurag Singh ◽  
Thomas L. Richie ◽  
Stephen L. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Controlled Human Malaria Infection

Malaria can cause life-threatening complications which are often associated with inflammatory reactions. More subtle, but also contributing to the burden of disease are chronic, often subclinical infections, which result in conditions like anemia and immunologic hyporesponsiveness. Although very frequent, such infections are difficult to study in endemic regions because of interaction with concurrent infections and immune responses. In particular, knowledge about mechanisms of malaria-induced immunosuppression is scarce. We measured circulating immune cells by cytometry in healthy, malaria-naïve, adult volunteers undergoing controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with a focus on potentially immunosuppressive cells. Infectious Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) (PfSPZ Challenge) were inoculated during two independent studies to assess malaria vaccine efficacy. Volunteers were followed daily until parasites were detected in the circulation by RT-qPCR. This allowed us to analyze immune responses during pre-patency and at very low parasite densities in malaria-naïve healthy adults. We observed a consistent increase in circulating polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) in volunteers who developed P. falciparum blood stage parasitemia. The increase was independent of preceding vaccination with a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine. PMN-MDSC were functional, they suppressed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation as shown by ex-vivo co-cultivation with stimulated T cells. PMN-MDSC reduced T cell proliferation upon stimulation by about 50%. Interestingly, high circulating PMN-MDSC numbers were associated with lymphocytopenia. The number of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) showed no significant parasitemia-dependent variation. These results highlight PMN-MDSC in the peripheral circulation as an early indicator of infection during malaria. They suppress CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation in vitro. Their contribution to immunosuppression in vivo in subclinical and uncomplicated malaria will be the subject of further research. Pre-emptive antimalarial pre-treatment of vaccinees to reverse malaria-associated PMN-MDSC immunosuppression could improve vaccine response in exposed individuals.

scholarly journals The DBL-1/TGF-β signaling pathway regulates pathogen-specific innate immune responses in C. elegans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhoomi Madhu ◽  
Tina L. Gumienny
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Multiple Cell

Innate immunity in animals is orchestrated by multiple cell signaling pathways, including the TGF-β; superfamily pathway. While the role of TGF-β signaling in innate immunity has been clearly identified, the requirement for this pathway in generating specific, robust responses to different bacterial challenges has not been characterized. Here, we address the role of DBL-1/TGF-β in regulating signature host defense responses to a wide range of bacteria in C. elegans. This work reveals a role of DBL-1/TGF-β in animal survival, organismal behaviors, and molecular responses in different environments. Additionally, we identify a novel role for SMA-4/Smad that suggests both DBL-1/TGF-β-dependent and -independent functions in host avoidance responses. RNA-seq analyses and immunity reporter studies indicate DBL-1/TGF-β differentially regulates target gene expression upon exposure to different bacteria. Furthermore, the DBL-1/TGF-β pathway is itself differentially affected by the bacteria exposure. Collectively, these findings demonstrate bacteria-specific host immune responses regulated by the DBL-1/TGF-β signaling pathway.

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