scholarly journals Energy Effectiveness of Direct UV and UV/H2O2Treatment of Estrogenic Chemicals in Biologically Treated Sewage

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla M. S. Hansen ◽  
Henrik R. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Estrogenic Chemicals

Continuous exposure of aquatic life to estrogenic chemicals via wastewater treatment plant effluents has in recent years received considerable attention due to the high sensitivity of oviparous animals to disturbances of estrogen-controlled physiology. The removal efficiency by direct UV and the UV/H2O2treatment was investigated in biologically treated sewage for most of the estrogenic compounds reported in wastewater. The investigated compounds included parabens, industrial phenols, sunscreen chemicals, and steroid estrogens. Treatment experiments were performed in a flow through setup. The effect of different concentrations of H2O2and different UV doses was investigated for all compounds in an effluent from a biological wastewater treatment plant. Removal effectiveness increased with H2O2concentration until 60 mg/L. The treatment effectiveness was reported as the electrical energy consumed per unit volume of water treated required for 90% removal of the investigated compound. It was found that the removal of all the compounds was dependent on the UV dose for both treatment methods. The required energy for 90% removal of the compounds was between 28 kWh/m3(butylparaben) and 1.2 kWh/m3(estrone) for the UV treatment. In comparison, the UV/H2O2treatment required between 8.7 kWh/m3for bisphenol A and benzophenone-7 and 1.8 kWh/m3for ethinylestradiol.

scholarly journals Variable dynamics of sewage supply to wastewater treatment plant depending on the amount of precipitation water inflowing to sewerage network

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr M. Bugajski ◽  
Grzegorz Kaczor ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Sewerage Network ◽  
Maximum Design

AbstractThe paper analyzes the effect of precipitation water that inflowing to sanitary sewage system as accidental water on the changes in the total amount of treated sewage. The effects of accidental water supply on the total amount of sewage inflowing to treatment plant were analyzed based on mean daily amounts from the investigated periods and mean daily amounts from incidental supplies. The study was conducted in the years 2010–2015. Six characteristic research periods were identified (one per each calendar year), when the amount of sewage in the sanitary sewage system was greater than during dry weather. The analysis of changes in the amount of sewage supplied to the sewerage system in the six investigated periods revealed that the accidental water constituted from 26.8% to 48.4% of total sewage inflowing to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In exceptional situations, during intense rains, the share of precipitation water in the sewerage system would increase up to 75%. Then, the rainwater inflowing the sewerage system caused hydraulic overloading of the WWTP by exceeding its maximum design supply.

Moving towards an energy neutral WWTP – the positive impact of ExelysTM continuous thermal hydrolysis in achieving this goal

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gurieff ◽  
J. Bruus ◽  
B. Nielsen ◽  
Delphine Nawawi-Lansade ◽  
Marc Cantegril
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process

There is an increasing need for large wastewater treatment plants to generate as much electricity as possible from biogas. This not only ensures significant operational cost savings, but also improves the environmental profile of the plant. Enhanced digestion through the use of the ExelysTM continuous thermal hydrolysis process has the potential to help a large wastewater treatment plant move towards electrical energy neutrality. This article aims to use Csepel waste water treatment plant (WWTP) (3.5 million PE) in Budapest, Hungary as a case study to investigate the potential advantages an ExelysTM-DLD process could provide. The results indicate that despite already having an effective and efficient digestion process, through implementation of the ExelysTM-DLD process, Csepel has the potential to cover 65% of its total electrical needs from biogas. This is 33% more than the current situation. This also leads to a significantly improved NPV for the ExelysTM-DLD scenario, an important factor for the operator of a large wastewater treatment plant. When looking to the future, through the optimisation of the wastewater treatment process and the application of the ExelysTM-DLD, Csepel WWTP has the potential to be completely electrical energy neutral. This would be a significant financial advantage as electrical prices rise and carbon taxes are enforced.

scholarly journals Filling in the Gaps in Metformin Biodegradation: A New Enzyme and a Metabolic Pathway for Guanylurea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambros J. Tassoulas ◽  
Ashley Robinson ◽  
Betsy Martinez-Vaz ◽  
Kelly G. Aukema ◽  
Lawrence P. Wackett
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Pseudomonas Mendocina ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Dead End

The widely prescribed pharmaceutical metformin and its main metabolite guanylurea are currently two of the most common contaminants in surface and wastewater. Guanylurea often accumulates and is poorly, if at all, biodegraded in wastewater treatment plants. This study describes Pseudomonas mendocina strain GU isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant using guanylurea as its sole nitrogen source. The genome was sequenced with 36-fold coverage and mined to identify guanylurea degradation genes. The gene encoding the enzyme initiating guanylurea metabolism was expressed, the enzyme purified and characterized. Guanylurea hydrolase, a newly described enzyme, was shown to transform guanylurea to one equivalent of ammonia and guanidine. Guanidine also supports growth as a sole nitrogen source. Cell yields from growth on limiting concentrations of guanylurea revealed that metabolism releases all four nitrogen atoms. Genes encoding complete metabolic transformation were identified bioinformatically, defining the pathway as follows: guanylurea to guanidine to carboxyguanidine to allophanate to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The first enzyme, guanylurea hydrolase, is a member of the isochorismatase-like hydrolase protein family that includes biuret hydrolase and triuret hydrolase. Although homologs, the three enzymes show distinct substrate specificities. Pairwise sequence comparisons and the use of sequence similarity networks allowed fine structure discrimination between the three homologous enzymes and provided insights into the evolutionary origins of guanylurea hydrolase. IMPORTANCE Metformin is a pharmaceutical most prescribed for type 2 diabetes and is now being examined for potential benefits to COVID-19 patients. People taking the drug pass it largely unchanged and it subsequently enters wastewater treatment plants. Metformin has been known to be metabolized to guanylurea. The levels of guanylurea often exceed that of metformin, leading to the former being considered a “dead end” metabolite. Metformin and guanylurea are water pollutants of emerging concern as they persist to reach non-target aquatic life and humans, the latter if it remains in treated water. The present study has identified a Pseudomonas mendocina strain that completely degrades guanylurea. The genome was sequenced and the genes involved in guanylurea metabolism were identified in three widely separated genomic regions. This knowledge advances the idea that guanylurea is not a dead end product and will allow for bioinformatic identification of the relevant genes in wastewater treatment plant microbiomes and other environments subjected to metagenomic sequencing.

scholarly journals Investigation of Activated Sludge Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Aušra Mažeikienė ◽  
Julita Starenko
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Nitrification Process

It is important to control not only the large wastewater treatment plants work, but also the work of individual small wastewater treatment plants for the protection of environment. Individual small wastewater treatment plants can become the local sources of pollution, when they are not functioning properly. Sewage purification indicators are not always the same as declared at wastewater treatment plants documentation in real conditions, so it is important to control the properly work of individual small wastewater treatment plants. The work of the small wastewater treatment plant AT-6 was analyzed by the treated sewage results (BDS7, SM, NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, PO4-P), the quality of activated sludge, biological indicators and enzymatic activity in this article. The nitrification process was not going very well by the results of research, because there was the 72 mg/l concentration of ammonium nitrogen remaining in the cleaned wastewater. The morphological study of the activated sludge has confirmed the hypothesis that the necessary conditions for nitrification process were not established. The oxygen supply was increased and the small wastewater treatment plant functioning become more efficient, because nitrification process started working properly – there was less than 1 mg/l of ammonium nitrogen remaining in the cleaned wastewater.

scholarly journals Drying system of sewage sludge - wastewater treatment plant in Gdansk

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

The 'Wschod' wastewater treatment plant, with average flow of sewage equal to 110 000 m3 /day, is the biggest plant in the voyevodship of Gdansk. The volume of treated sewage amounts to 60% of the total quantity of sewage in the community of Gdansk. Until 1993 treatment of sewage was carried out in the facilities that ensured only mechanical removal of contaminants. Poor sanitary conditions of the coastal water of the Gulf of Gdansk was the main reason for introducing primary chemical precipitation (dephosphatation), using coagulant called PIX. Chemical process of precipitation resulted first of all in effective elimination of phosphates, between 77.6 - 81.8% during the period 1993-95. The removal of organic matter also improved. Due to this the load of total suspended solids in 1995 decreased by 49.1% in comparison to 1992. The removal of organic matter expressed as BOD5 and CODcr equaled respactively 34.7% and 32,8%. However, after the introduction of chemical precipitation, the increase of the sludgefrom 600 m3 /d (before introducing of chemical precipitation) to 1100 m3 /d (after introducing of chemical precipitation) was observed. For this reason it was decided to provide support for the coagulation process with anionic polimer. The anionic polimer was introduced in 1995, which resulted in the decrease of the total production of sludge to the amount of 600 - 650 m3 /d. Modernization of the WWTP also caused the necessity of replacing the formerly used method of dewatering on drying beds (total area of 7.4 ha) by mechanical dewatering in centrifuges of capacity of 8-25 m3 /h and maximum load of sludge of 800 kg DS/h. As a result the operation of the treatment plant became easier, though the problems with utilization of the sludge are not completely solved yet.

scholarly journals Photolysis and advanced oxidation treatment of estrogenic chemicals in tap water and treated sewage

2007 ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla Hansen ◽  
Henrik R. Andersen ◽  
Tobias Hey ◽  
Anna Ledin
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Estrogenic Chemicals ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Electrical Energy Per Order

The removal efficiency by photolysis and advanced oxidation (AOP) of some estrogeniccompounds was investigated in tap water and biologically treated sewage. The compoundsinvestigated included parabens, industrial phenols, sunscreen chemicals and steroid estrogens.Treatment experiments were performed using a UV lamp optimized for photochemicaltreatment in a flow through set-up. The effect of different concentrations of H2O2 anddifference between tap water and treated sewage was investigated for all compounds.The treatment effectiveness is evaluated based on the Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) (unitkWh/111e3), which is defined as the electrical energy consumed per unit volume of water treatedrequired for 90 % removal of the investigated compound.It was found that the removal efficiency was better in tap water than in wastewater which isdue to the shadow effect from the inorganic and organic substance in the wastewater. Further,it was found that the removal of all the compounds was dependent of the UV dose for bothtreatment methods. The energy required for 90% removal of the compounds was between 28kWh/111e3 ± 2.9 (butylparaben) and 1.2 kWh/ 111e3 (estrone) for the UY treatment. The AOPresults in a more unifom1 value of EEO, which is between 8. 7 kWh/m3 (bisphenol A andbenzophenone-7) and 1.8 kWh/m3 ( I 7a-ethynyl estradiol).The removal at different concentration of H2O2 was investigated and it was found thatremoval effectiveness increased with concentration until 60 mg/L, but decreased at I 00 mg/L,which may be caused by H2O2 scavenging the HO'-radicals.

Operating experiences with a molten carbonate fuel cell at Stuttgart-Möhringen wastewater treatment plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Locher ◽  
C. Meyer ◽  
H. Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Gas Cleaning

Fuel cells on wastewater treatment plants are a relatively new technology to convert biogas from anaerobic digestion into thermal and electrical energy. Since the end of 2007, a type of MCFC fuel cell (>250 kWel, 180 kWth) has been installed at Stuttgart-Möhringen wastewater treatment plant. The goals of this research project are to raise the power self-sufficiency in Stuttgart-Möhringen, to further optimise high temperature fuel cells using biogas and to gain practical experience. After approximately 9,000 h of operation, a mean electrical ‘gross’-efficiency of 44% was achieved. To fully exploit this high electrical efficiency, it is essential to keep the energy consumption of peripheral devices (gas pressure unit, gas cleaning unit, etc.) of the fuel cell as low as possible.

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