scholarly journals Neurally Derived Tissues inXenopus laevisEmbryos Exhibit a Consistent Bioelectrical Left-Right Asymmetry

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav P. Pai ◽  
Laura N. Vandenberg ◽  
Douglas Blackiston ◽  
Michael Levin
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Transmembrane Potential ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Embryonic Patterning ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Depolarizing Channel

Consistent left-right asymmetry in organ morphogenesis is a fascinating aspect of bilaterian development. Although embryonic patterning of asymmetric viscera, heart, and brain is beginning to be understood, less is known about possible subtle asymmetries present in anatomically identical paired structures. We investigated two important developmental events: physiological controls of eye development and specification of neural crest derivatives, inXenopus laevisembryos. We found that the striking hyperpolarization of transmembrane potential (Vmem) demarcating eye induction usually occurs in the right eye field first. This asymmetry is randomized by perturbing visceral left-right patterning, suggesting that eye asymmetry is linked to mechanisms establishing primary laterality. Bilateral misexpression of a depolarizing channel mRNA affects primarily the right eye, revealing an additional functional asymmetry in the control of eye patterning byVmem. The ATP-sensitive K+channel subunit transcript, SUR1, is asymmetrically expressed in the eye primordia, thus being a good candidate for the observed physiological asymmetries. Such subtle asymmetries are not only seen in the eye: consistent asymmetry was also observed in the migration of differentiated melanocytes on the left and right sides. These data suggest that even anatomically symmetrical structures may possess subtle but consistent laterality and interact with other developmental left-right patterning pathways.

Functional Asymmetry in Body Perception and Ocular Dominance: A Study of Their Interactions

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vezio Ruggieri ◽  
Chiara Bergerone ◽  
Alberto Cei ◽  
Carla Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Perceptual Error ◽  
Interesting Connection ◽  
Undergraduate Female ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The relationships between ocular dominance and body perception (for the left and right body halves) were examined for 41 undergraduate female psychology students. The results indicate an interesting connection between the two phenomena. The four groups of subjects classified on the basis of ocular dominance (right, left, fluctuating and no dominance) showed statistically significant differences on one aspect of body perception, measured by the ‘Difference Deviation Scores.’ Also three groups of subjects classified on the basis of body perception (subjects with major perceptual error on the left or on the right, and subjects showing no difference in perception of the two body halves) showed statistically significant differences in ocular dominance.

scholarly journals Metabolic Lateralization in the Hypothalamus of Male Rats Related to Reproductive and Satiety States

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Kiss ◽  
Istvan Toth ◽  
Gergely Jocsak ◽  
Tibor Bartha ◽  
Laszlo V. Frenyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Reproductive Control ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Functional Lateralization ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe hypothalamus is the main regulatory center of many homeostatic processes, such as reproduction, food intake, and sleep-wake behavior. Recent findings show that there is a strongly interdependent side-linked localization of hypothalamic functions between the left and right hemispheres. The goal of the present study was to trace functional asymmetry of the hypothalamus related to the regulation of food intake and reproduction, in male rodents. Subjects were examined through measurements of mitochondrial metabolism ex vivo. Impact of gonadectomy and scheduled feeding was tested on the modulation of hypothalamic metabolic asymmetry. Results show that in male rats, functional lateralization of the hypothalamus can be attributed to the satiety state rather than to reproductive control. Fasting caused left-sided metabolic dominance, while satiety was linked to the right hemisphere; trends and direction in sided dominance gradually followed the changes in satiety state. Our findings revealed satiety state-dependent metabolic differences between the two hypothalamic hemispheres. It is therefore concluded that, at least in male rats, the hypothalamic hemispheres control the satiety state-related functions in an asymmetric manner.

BMP signaling positively regulates Nodal expression during left right specification in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (14) ◽  
pp. 3431-3440 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elisa Piedra ◽  
Mana A. Ros
Keyword(s):  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Lateral Plate Mesoderm ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rapid Activation ◽  
Positive Effect

Exogenous application of BMP to the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) of chick embryos at the early somite stage had a positive effect on Nodal expression. BMP applications into the right LPM were followed by a rapid activation of Nodal, while applications into the left LPM resulted in expansion of the normal domain of Nodal expression. Conversely, blocking of BMP signaling by Noggin in the left LPM interfered with the activation of Nodal expression. These results support a positive role for endogenous BMP on Nodal expression in the LPM. We also report that BMP positively regulates the expression of Caronte, Snail and Cfc in both the left and right LPM. BMP-treated embryos had molecular impairment of the midline with downregulation of Lefty1, Brachyury and Shh but we also show that the midline defect was not sufficient to induce ectopic Nodal expression. We discuss our findings in the context of the known molecular control of the specification of left-right asymmetry.

Recall of Letters from the Left and Right Visual Half-Fields under Unilateral and Bilateral Presentation

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hines ◽  
Louis W. Sutker ◽  
Paul Satz ◽  
Ann Altman
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Bilateral Presentation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
The Right

Bilateral presentation in the visual half-field greatly increases superiority of the right visual half-field in tachistoscopic recognition of words when fixation is controlled using a center digit. Two experiments explored left-right asymmetry with bilateral presentation on a visual half-field short-term memory task, with fixation controlled by a sequence of letters at fixation. A total of 40 subjects served in the two experiments, which compared recall under unilateral versus bilateral presentation to the visual half-field. Bilateral presentation increased over-all recall from the last serial position but did not alter asymmetry of the visual half-field. As in previous experiments, the superiority of the right visual half-field was greatest from the initial serial positions. It was concluded that asymmetry of the visual half-field on this recall task with controlled fixation depends primarily on masking and short-term memory but is independent of unilateral-bilateral presentation.

scholarly journals Specificity of manifestation of functional asymmetry microcirculation parameters at physical loads on the upper limbs

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
L. V. Mezentseva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Flow Fluctuations ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
The Right

Purpose – the study the functional asymmetry of oscillatory processes of microcirculatory bed at physical loads on the upper limbs.Material and methods. Microcirculation parameters were measured in 5 healthy volunteers (men aged 50–55 years) by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). LDF signal sensors were fixed symmetrically on the lower parts of the right and left shoulders (3 cm above the elbow bend). Physical exercise consisted of machs left or right hand in the standing position for 1 min. Measurements were performed in 3 conditions: 1 – initial state, 2 – immediately after exercise, 3 – 5 min after load termination The changes in the mean perfusion value and the components of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of blood flow fluctuations (myogenic, neurogenic, respiratory and cardiac), as well as the correlation between the changes in all parameters of the right and left sides of the observation were evaluated.Results. Asymmetry of changes in microcirculation parameters and correlations between them under the physical loads on the upper limbs was revealed. It is shown that both left and right machs change the microcirculation parameters of both the left and right sides, and the changes on the left are more pronounced than on the right. It is shown that after the left machs the blood flow on the left and right increases, and after the right machs – reduced. After loads the right side is recovering more slowly than the left.Conclusions. Our results illustrate the specific regulation of blood flow in micro vessels of paired organs, which is associated with functional asymmetry. The physiological mechanisms for this asymmetry require further experimental and clinical studies.

Comparison of the efficiency of the indexes of Pont and Korkhause with Kernott technique in patients with narrowing of maxilla

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
O. I. Admakin ◽  
I. A. Solop ◽  
A. D. Oksentyuk
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Control Models ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

Relevance. The narrowing of the maxilla is one of the most common pathologies in orthodontics. Recent studies show that the narrowing is always asymmetric which is connected to the rotation of the maxilla. To choose the treatment correctly one need a calculation that reveals the asymmetry, which is impossible with using standard indexes.Purpose – to compare efficiency of indexes of Pont and Korkhause with the Kernott's method in patients with narrowing of the maxilla.Materials and methods. The study involved 35 children aged from 8 to 12 years old undergoing dental treatment in the University Children's Clinical Hospital of the First Moscow State Medical University with no comorbidities. For every patient a gypsum model was prepared and after that to carry out the biometrical calculation. In this study two indexes were used: Pont's index and Korkhause's; using this standard analysis the narrowing of the maxilla was revealed. After using Pont's Index and Korkhaus analysis all the models were calculated by the method of Kernott with Kernott's dynamic pentagon.Results. As a result of the analysis of the control diagnostic models a narrowing of the maxilla in 69% of cases (n = 24) was revealed in all cases, the deviation of the size of the dentition was asymmetric. Thus, 65% of the surveyed models showed a narrowing on the right. This narrowing was of a different severity and averaged 15 control models.Conclusions. This shows that for the biometrics of diagnostic models it is necessary to use methods that allow to estimate the width of the dentition rows on the left and on the right separately. To correct the asymmetric narrowing of the dentition, it is preferable to use non-classical expanding devices that act equally on the left and right sides separetly.

scholarly journals Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome-Associated Genes Are Enriched in Motile Neural Crest Cells and Affect Craniofacial Development in Xenopus laevis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Mills ◽  
Elizabeth Bearce ◽  
Rachael Cella ◽  
Seung Woo Kim ◽  
Megan Selig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Craniofacial Development

scholarly journals Transcriptomic uniqueness and commonality of the ion channels and transporters in the four heart chambers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Iacobas ◽  
Bogdan Amuzescu ◽  
Dumitru A. Iacobas
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Agilent Microarrays

AbstractMyocardium transcriptomes of left and right atria and ventricles from four adult male C57Bl/6j mice were profiled with Agilent microarrays to identify the differences responsible for the distinct functional roles of the four heart chambers. Female mice were not investigated owing to their transcriptome dependence on the estrous cycle phase. Out of the quantified 16,886 unigenes, 15.76% on the left side and 16.5% on the right side exhibited differential expression between the atrium and the ventricle, while 5.8% of genes were differently expressed between the two atria and only 1.2% between the two ventricles. The study revealed also chamber differences in gene expression control and coordination. We analyzed ion channels and transporters, and genes within the cardiac muscle contraction, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, calcium and adrenergic signaling pathways. Interestingly, while expression of Ank2 oscillates in phase with all 27 quantified binding partners in the left ventricle, the percentage of in-phase oscillating partners of Ank2 is 15% and 37% in the left and right atria and 74% in the right ventricle. The analysis indicated high interventricular synchrony of the ion channels expressions and the substantially lower synchrony between the two atria and between the atrium and the ventricle from the same side.

The role of visual experience for spatial numerical associations

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Proulx ◽  
Achille Pasqualotto ◽  
Shuichiro Taya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Number Line ◽  
Mental Number Line ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The topographic representation of space interacts with the mental representation of number. Evidence for such number–space relations have been reported in both synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic participants. Thus far most studies have only examined related effects in sighted participants. For example, the mental number line increases in magnitude from left to right in sighted individuals (Loetscher et al., 2008, Curr. Biol.). What is unclear is whether this association arises from innate mechanisms or requires visual experience early in life to develop in this way. Here we investigated the role of visual experience for the left to right spatial numerical association using a random number generation task in congenitally blind, late blind, and blindfolded sighted participants. Participants orally generated numbers randomly whilst turning their head to the left and right. Sighted participants generated smaller numbers when they turned their head to the left than to the right, consistent with past results. In contrast, congenitally blind participants generated smaller numbers when they turned their head to the right than to the left, exhibiting the opposite effect. The results of the late blind participants showed an intermediate profile between that of the sighted and congenitally blind participants. Visual experience early in life is therefore necessary for the development of the spatial numerical association of the mental number line.

scholarly journals Neural Crest Formation in Xenopus laevis: Mechanisms of Xslug Induction

1996 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Mancilla ◽  
Roberto Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Neural Crest
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