Dose-Dependent Change in Elimination Kinetics of Ethanol due to Shift of Dominant Metabolizing Enzyme from ADH 1 (Class I) to ADH 3 (Class III) in Mouse

ADH 1 and ADH 3 are major two ADH isozymes in the liver, which participate in systemic alcohol metabolism, mainly distributing in parenchymal and in sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver, respectively. We investigated how these two ADHs contribute to the elimination kinetics of blood ethanol by administering ethanol to mice at various doses, and by measuring liver ADH activity and liver contents of both ADHs. The normalized AUC (AUC/dose) showed a concave increase with an increase in ethanol dose, inversely correlating with β.CLT(dose/AUC) linearly correlated with liver ADH activity and also with both the ADH-1 and -3 contents (mg/kg B.W.). When ADH-1 activity was calculated by multiplying ADH-1 content by itsVmax⁡/mg (4.0) and normalized by the ratio of liver ADH activity of each ethanol dose to that of the control, the theoretical ADH-1 activity decreased dose-dependently, correlating with β. On the other hand, the theoretical ADH-3 activity, which was calculated by subtracting ADH-1 activity from liver ADH activity and normalized, increased dose-dependently, correlating with the normalized AUC. These results suggested that the elimination kinetics of blood ethanol in mice was dose-dependently changed, accompanied by a shift of the dominant metabolizing enzyme from ADH 1 to ADH 3.

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Dose-dependent Elimination Kinetics of Theophylline

Clinical Pharmacokinetics ◽

10.2165/00003088-197904060-00004 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 449-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

L. J. Lesko

Keyword(s):

Elimination Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Dose Dependent

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In vitro evaluation of Álcool desidrogenase kinetics in Ziziphus joazeiro fruits to alleviate the harmful effects of alcohol

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i4.2900 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e107942900

Author(s):

Alvaro Gustavo Ferreira da Silva ◽

Franciscleudo Bezerra da Costa ◽

Yasmin Lima Brasil ◽

Brencarla de Medeiros Lima ◽

Eder Pereira da Rocha Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Food Supplement ◽

The Body ◽

Ethanol Metabolism ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Alcohol Metabolism ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Adh Activity ◽

Harmful Effects

Ziziphus joazeiro is endemic to the brazilian Caatinga and its fruits can be used as a food supplement by accelerating the ethanol metabolism in the body and reducing the alcohol harmful effects due to high alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. The objective was to determine the kinetics of ADH activity, in different incubation times, of Z. joazeiro mature fruits as a food supplement. Ziziphus joazeiro fruits, at the fourth maturation stage, were incubated for 0 (no incubation), 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours at room temperature. The ADH activity was determined. ADH activity was higher in fruits incubated for 0 and 3 h. The ADH activity was higher in the early incubation times, probably due to the greater availability of NAD+, which after being reduced to NADH delayed regeneration. Without the cofactor in the oxidized form, the enzymatic activity decreases. Ziziphus joazeiro fruit has the potential to be used as a food supplement accelerating the alcohol metabolism and reducing the harmful effects.

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The kinetics of E-selectin- and P-selectin-induced intermediate activation of integrin αLβ2 on neutrophils

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.258046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 134 (18) ◽

Author(s):

Fangyuan Zhou ◽

Fang Zhang ◽

Veronika I. Zarnitsyna ◽

Larissa Doudy ◽

Zhou Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽

Slow Increase ◽

Rolling Velocity ◽

Dependent Change ◽

Temperature Activation ◽

Selectin Binding ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT Selectins and integrins are key players in the adhesion and signaling cascade that recruits leukocytes to inflamed tissues. Selectin binding induces β2 integrin binding to slow leukocyte rolling. Here, a micropipette was used to characterize neutrophil adhesion to E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at room temperature. The time-dependent adhesion frequency displayed two-stage kinetics, with an E-selectin-mediated fast increase to a low plateau followed by a slow increase to a high plateau mediated by intermediate-affinity binding of integrin αLβ2 to ICAM-1. The αLβ2 activation required more than 5 s contact to E-selectin and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activity. A multi-zone channel was used to analyze αLβ2 activation by P-selectin in separate zones of receptors or antibodies, finding an inverse relationship between the rolling velocity on ICAM-1 and P-selectin dose, and a P-selectin dose-dependent change from bent to extended conformations with a closed headpiece that was faster at 37°C than at room temperature. Activation of αLβ2 exhibited different levels of cooperativity and persistent times depending on the strength and duration of selectin stimulation. These results define the precise timing and kinetics of intermediate activation of αLβ2 by E- and P-selectins.

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Resorption and elimination kinetics of benzoic acid during chemical necrectomy in deep burns

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.1080/00365510903288360 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

M. Dastych ◽

Z. Jelinkova ◽

A. Mikuskova ◽

P. Brychta ◽

M. Benovska

Keyword(s):

Benzoic Acid ◽

Elimination Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

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The Reactivity of Different Active Forms of Sodium Carbonate with Respect to Sulfur Dioxide

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19922302 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 2302-2308

Author(s):

Karel Mocek ◽

Erich Lippert ◽

Emerich Erdös

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Sodium Carbonate ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Active Form ◽

The Other ◽

Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide depends on the microstructure of the solid, which in turn is affected by the way and conditions of its preparation. The active form, analogous to that obtained by thermal decomposition of NaHCO3, emerges from the dehydration of Na2CO3 . 10 H2O in a vacuum or its weathering in air at room temperature. The two active forms are porous and have approximately the same specific surface area. Partial hydration of the active Na2CO3 in air at room temperature followed by thermal dehydration does not bring about a significant decrease in reactivity. On the other hand, if the preparation of anhydrous Na2CO3 involves, partly or completely, the liquid phase, the reactivity of the product is substantially lower.

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On the kinetics of Hadamard-type fractional differential systems

Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis ◽

10.1515/fca-2020-0027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 553-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li Ma

Keyword(s):

Differential Operator ◽

Numerical Simulations ◽

Type Inequality ◽

The Other ◽

Differential Systems ◽

Fractional Differential Systems ◽

Fractional Differential Operator ◽

Fractional Differential ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Theoretical Results

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the investigation of the kinetics of Hadamard-type fractional differential systems (HTFDSs) in two aspects. On one hand, the nonexistence of non-trivial periodic solutions for general HTFDSs, which are considered in some functional spaces, is proved and the corresponding eigenfunction of Hadamard-type fractional differential operator is also discussed. On the other hand, by the generalized Gronwall-type inequality, we estimate the bound of the Lyapunov exponents for HTFDSs. In addition, numerical simulations are addressed to verify the obtained theoretical results.

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