scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of Álcool desidrogenase kinetics in Ziziphus joazeiro fruits to alleviate the harmful effects of alcohol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e107942900
Author(s):  
Alvaro Gustavo Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Franciscleudo Bezerra da Costa ◽  
Yasmin Lima Brasil ◽  
Brencarla de Medeiros Lima ◽  
Eder Pereira da Rocha Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Adh Activity ◽  
Harmful Effects

Ziziphus joazeiro is endemic to the brazilian Caatinga and its fruits can be used as a food supplement by accelerating the ethanol metabolism in the body and reducing the alcohol harmful effects due to high alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. The objective was to determine the kinetics of ADH activity, in different incubation times, of Z. joazeiro mature fruits as a food supplement. Ziziphus joazeiro fruits, at the fourth maturation stage, were incubated for 0 (no incubation), 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours at room temperature. The ADH activity was determined. ADH activity was higher in fruits incubated for 0 and 3 h. The ADH activity was higher in the early incubation times, probably due to the greater availability of NAD+, which after being reduced to NADH delayed regeneration. Without the cofactor in the oxidized form, the enzymatic activity decreases. Ziziphus joazeiro fruit has the potential to be used as a food supplement accelerating the alcohol metabolism and reducing the harmful effects.

Food supplement “carrageenan” and its effect on the organism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Luneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Physiological Processes

Food additives are positioned as harmless, although, their components affectthe physiological processes associated with the permeability of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and intestinal microbiota. This article describes thecarrageenan supplement and its effects on the body in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The experimental part is devoted to analysis of the intestinalmicrobiota of laboratory rats with the consumption of the carrageenan dietary supplement in the amount of about 4,4 % of the standard feed.

scholarly journals The Kinetics of the Normal, the Megaloblastic and the Sideroachrestic Erythropoiesis Estimated by Colchicine Blocking In Vitro

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. M. BOLL ◽  
H.-P. KOENIGS
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Ineffective Erythropoiesis ◽  
Cell Doubling Time ◽  
Bone Marrow Cultures ◽  
Delayed Maturation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Very High

Abstract By adding colchicine to bone marrow cultures we developed further parameters for kinetics in normal, megaloblastic and sideroachrestic bone marrow. The increased regeneration in megalopoiesis is demonstrated by an increased mitotic index, an increased stathmokinetic index, a shortened cell doubling time and the prolongation of the divisable pool to the oxyphile erythroblasts which only mature in the normal state. To get ineffective erythropoiesis, the maturation in vivo must have been delayed by an increased number of generations up to the formation of megalocytes. From the stathmokinetic test in vitro, the maturation in megalopoiesis is accelerated as a result of the inhibition of α-2 α-divisions. In normal erythropoiesis stopping mitoses by colchicine probably causes a delayed maturation because the next maturation stage cannot be reached without the regular n-2n-division. In sideroachrestic anemia, the maturation behaves normally but the stathmokinetic test is very high. We conclude that the maturation and mode of division in sideroachrestic anemia is nearly normal.

Effect of liver disorders on ethanol elimination and alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in liver and erythrocytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Zorzano ◽  
Luis Ruiz del Arbol ◽  
Emilio Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aldh Activity ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Ethanol Elimination ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Adh Activity

1. Liver biopsies were performed in healthy control subjects and in subjects with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease in order to examine alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH; aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+); EC 1. 2. 1. 3] activities. Erythrocyte ALDH and ethanol metabolism were also investigated in the same subjects. 2. Fifteen per cent of the subjects studied (seven of 48 subjects tested) presented atypical ADH activity, characterized by elevated activity at pH 7.4 or 8.8 compared with that found in subjects with the usual ADH form. However, the ethanol elimination curves obtained in two subjects with atypical ADH were indistinguishable from the kinetics of the group with normal ADH. Subjects displaying atypical ADH activity showed normal liver and erythrocyte ALDH activities. 3. Considering only the subjects with the normal ADH form, hepatic ADH activity was unaltered in subjects with non-alcoholic liver disease (chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis) and in those with alcoholic steatosis. Subjects with alcoholic hepatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis showed a lower ADH activity compared with the healthy control group. 4. In spite of the changes detected in subjects with alcoholic liver disease, curves of blood ethanol concentration after oral administration of 0.4 g of ethanol/kg were indistinguishable between the alcoholic hepatitis group and the control group. 5. Hepatic ALDH activity, assayed at 300 μmol/l acetaldehyde, was found to be diminished in all liver pathologies investigated, regardless of their aetiology. Nevertheless, erythrocyte ALDH activity was not modified in subjects with non-alcoholic or alcoholic liver disease. As a result of these findings, no relationship was found between hepatic and erythrocyte ALDH. 6. In summary, our data demonstrate that (a) marked modifications in ADH activity, as found in patients with atypical ADH or in subjects with alcoholic liver disease, are not accompanied by parallel alterations in the kinetics of ethanol disappearance, suggesting that ADH activity per se does not limit ethanol metabolism in vivo, (b) hepatic high-Km ALDH activity is decreased in patients with liver disease independent of alcoholism, and therefore decreased ALDH activity cannot be considered as a primary defect in alcoholism but as a consequence of liver damage, and (c) erythrocyte ALDH does not reflect hepatic high-Km ALDH.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and its fractions of Baccaurea racemosa and Macaranga subpeltata leaves

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Widodo ◽  
Sismindari ◽  
W. Asmara ◽  
Abdul Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Water Fraction

Oxidative stress, the excessive presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is suggested as a basal cause of aging as well as various degenerative and chronic diseases in human. Antioxidants are believed to play a very vital role in the body defense system against ROS. Plant-based antioxidants with their prominence have gained tremendous worldwide interest nowadays. Baccaurea racemosa and Macaraanga subpeltata are among ethnomedical used plants for liver diseases medication which have potential source as natural antioxidants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the methanolic crude extract (CE) and their fractions of the plant’s leaves. Maceration was performed to obtain CE, which then subjected to fractionation using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol to obtain fractions of hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane (DF), chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF), and ethanol fractions (EF), respectively. The CE and all fractions included water fraction (WF) and residue (R) were examined for its total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities using various in vitro assay. In general, EAF demonstrated as the best solvent for the extracting phenolic compounds with higher antioxidant activity. The CE and its fractions of M. subpeltata contained higher of TPC and TFC, also demonstrated higher antioxidant capacity, than that B. racemosa. The phenolics compounds were responsible for the antiradical properties. The EAF of M. subpeltata was scavenging those radicals better than that of L-(+)ascorbic acid as a positive control. The high antioxidant activities and phenolics contents make both the plant extracts to be developed as a food supplement.

scholarly journals Control of the Transdermal Delivery Process of Active Substances of the Phytocomplex during Phonophoresis in Model Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 2079-2083
Author(s):  
Liudmila Ivanovna Babaskina ◽  
Tatiana Mikhailovna Litvinova ◽  
Dmitrii Vladimirovich Babaskin ◽  
Olga Valerevna Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Franz Diffusion Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Active Substances

BACKGROUND: The scientific substantiation for the selection of therapeutically significant dosage of phytocomplex in the dosage form for phonophoresis, control over the delivery of active substances into the body, and what affects this process require the study of the kinetics of phytocomplex flavonoids delivery during phonophoresis. AIM: The aim was to study the possibilities of controlling the process of transdermal delivery of phytocomplex active substances (flavonoids) during phonophoresis in vitro model experiments. METHODS: Working compositions with different concentrations of phytocomplex for phonophoresis were used. The content of flavonoids in the compositions was determined using the spectrophotometric method and was calculated equivalent to quercetin, the flavonoid prevailing in the phytocomplex. The study of the kinetics of flavonoids delivery from working compositions was carried out using Franz diffusion cells and Carbosyl-P membranes. The authors determined the main parameters of the process and established the dependence of the delivery rate of flavonoids on their initial concentration in the working composition. The authors studied the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide and the base-forming substances of the working composition on the kinetics of phytocomplex flavonoid delivery during phonophoresis. RESULTS: The authors recorded an increase in the rate of delivery of the active substances from working compositions containing dimethyl sulfoxide into the model medium by almost 1.5-2 times during the first ten minutes of the experiment (approximate duration of the phonophoresis procedure). The authors proposed technological techniques for improvement of the phonophoresis method for the phytocomplex. The possibilities of control over the process of transdermal delivery of the phytocomplex active ingredients during phonophoresis in vitro model experiments were shown. CONCLUSION: The obtained results provide information for further pharmacological studies of the nature and mechanism of the effect of phytocomplex flavonoids during phonophoresis in the rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthrosis.

HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES ARE A NEW EFFECTIVE TOOL TO COMBAT MYCOTOXICOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-571
Author(s):  
E.Y. Tarasova ◽  
◽  
E.Y. Semenov ◽  
L.E. Matrosova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Toxic Load

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds, mainly from the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium. They can contaminate food and have a harmful effect on human health. Most mycotoxins are thermostable, that is, they can persist during processing and cooking. The presence of mycotoxins in food can cause harmful effects, ranging from acute intoxication and ending with pathologies of chronic exposure (such as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic) in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is the strongest immunosuppressant, which in turn predisposes to the development of infectious diseases and leads to a decrease in productivity, which entails significant economic losses. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies zearalenone as a class 2A carcinogen. Therefore, the inclusion of binding agents, or enterosorbents, in the diet is given considerable attention as a strategy to reduce the bioavailability of mycotoxins and the effects of contaminated feed and food. A study of the adsorption capacity of bentonites of the Biklyansk and Tarn-Var deposits, the zeolite of the Main deposit, and in vitro halloysite nanotubes with respect to T-2 toxin and zearalenone showed that it is halloysite that has the best sorption rates (85.8 and 86.0%) and, in the future, may be used to combat mycotoxicosis of animals, birds, and, in the food chain, humans. With an increase in the pH of the medium from 2 to 8, the desorption of mycotoxins with the lowest rates for halloysite at 0.7 ± 0.04% for zearalenone and 3.5 ± 0.1% for T-2 toxin was observed in all studied adsorbents. The data obtained make halloysite nanotubes very interesting for further studies of other mycotoxins and their combinations, as well as its comprehensive study as a means of reducing the toxic load on the body of farm animals and birds.

Effect of human neuronal tau on denaturation and reactivation of rabbit muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

2000 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hui CHEN ◽  
Rong-Qiao HE ◽  
Ying LIU ◽  
Yang LIU ◽  
Zhi-Gang XUE
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Native Conformation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

Human neuronal tau-40 (htau-40) has been used to study denaturation and renaturation of rabbit muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC 1.2.1.12). Inactivation of GAPDH incubated with tau was more distinguishably detected than that of control GAPDH during thermal and guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) denaturation. However, tau did not influence the activity of GAPDH at room temperature or in solution without GdnHCl. A marked change in both the emission intensity and emission maximum of the intrinsic fluorescence at 335nm of GAPDH with tau was observed when GdnHCl concentration was 0.8M, but that of the control without tau occurred in 1.2M GdnHCl. The first-order rate of the decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the enzyme with tau was approximately twice as great as that of GAPDH without tau. Kinetics of inactivation of GAPDH with tau in 0.2M GdnHCl was a monophasic procedure, instead of the biphasic procedure followed by the control, as described before [He, Zhao, Yan and Li (1993) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1163, 315–320]. Similar results were obtained when the enzyme was thermally denatured at 45°C. It revealed that tau bound to the denatured GAPDH but not the native molecule. On the other hand, tau suppressed refolding and reactivation of GAPDH when this enzyme was reactivated by dilution of GdnHCl solution. Furthermore, tau improved the aggregation of the non-native GAPDH in solutions. It suggested that tau acted in an anti-chaperone-like manner towards GAPDH in vitro. However, tau lost that function when it was aggregated or phosphorylated by neuronal cdc2-like protein kinase. It showed that tau's anti-chaperone-like function depended on its native conformation.

scholarly journals Inhibition of microsomal oxidation of ethanol by pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole in vitro Increased effectiveness after induction by pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole

1986 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Feierman ◽  
A I Cederbaum
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethanol Oxidation ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Oxidation Of Ethanol

Pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole, which are inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase, were also found to be effective inhibitors of the oxidation of ethanol by liver microsomes (microsomal fractions) in vitro. Ethanol oxidation by microsomes from rats previously treated for 2 or 3 days with either pyrazole or 4-methylpyrazole appeared to be especially sensitive to inhibition in vitro by pyrazole or 4-methylpyrazole. The kinetics of inhibition by pyrazole or 4-methylpyrazole in all microsomal preparations were mixed, as the Km for ethanol was elevated while Vmax was lowered. However, Ki values for pyrazole (about 0.35 mM) and especially 4-methylpyrazole (about 0.03-0.10 mM) were much lower than those found with the saline controls (about 0.7-1.1 mM). In contrast, Ki values for dimethyl sulphoxide as an inhibitor of microsomal ethanol oxidation were similar in all microsomal preparations. Pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole reacted with microsomes to produce type II spectral changes whose magnitude increased after treatment with either pyrazole or 4-methylpyrazole. Thus the increased inhibitory effectiveness of pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole appears to be associated with increased interactions with the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme(s) induced by these compounds. These isoenzymes have properties similar to those of the isoenzyme induced by chronic ethanol treatment. Therefore, caution is needed in the use of pyrazole or 4-methylpyrazole to assess pathways of ethanol metabolism, especially after chronic ethanol treatment, since these agents, besides inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase, are also effective inhibitors of microsomal ethanol oxidation.

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent Change in Elimination Kinetics of Ethanol due to Shift of Dominant Metabolizing Enzyme from ADH 1 (Class I) to ADH 3 (Class III) in Mouse

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Haseba ◽  
Kouji Kameyama ◽  
Keiko Mashimo ◽  
Youkichi Ohno
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Elimination Kinetics ◽  
Ethanol Dose ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Adh Activity

ADH 1 and ADH 3 are major two ADH isozymes in the liver, which participate in systemic alcohol metabolism, mainly distributing in parenchymal and in sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver, respectively. We investigated how these two ADHs contribute to the elimination kinetics of blood ethanol by administering ethanol to mice at various doses, and by measuring liver ADH activity and liver contents of both ADHs. The normalized AUC (AUC/dose) showed a concave increase with an increase in ethanol dose, inversely correlating with β.CLT(dose/AUC) linearly correlated with liver ADH activity and also with both the ADH-1 and -3 contents (mg/kg B.W.). When ADH-1 activity was calculated by multiplying ADH-1 content by itsVmax⁡/mg (4.0) and normalized by the ratio of liver ADH activity of each ethanol dose to that of the control, the theoretical ADH-1 activity decreased dose-dependently, correlating with β. On the other hand, the theoretical ADH-3 activity, which was calculated by subtracting ADH-1 activity from liver ADH activity and normalized, increased dose-dependently, correlating with the normalized AUC. These results suggested that the elimination kinetics of blood ethanol in mice was dose-dependently changed, accompanied by a shift of the dominant metabolizing enzyme from ADH 1 to ADH 3.

Effect of Surface Charge on Gold Nanoparticle Biotransport: An In Vivo Blood and Biodistribution Study

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha B. Shah ◽  
John C. Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of

Intravenously injected nanoparticles (NPs) hold great promise for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. While several NPs for such clinical applications have emerged in various designs (metallic, polymeric, quantum dots etc.) [1], a critical issue in their in vivo use is the lack of fundamental studies examining the effects of physicochemical parameters (shape, size, surface properties etc.) on blood circulation, kinetics of accumulation and elimination as well as toxicity [2–4]. We hypothesize that blood, the first medium of interaction in the body, is a major determinant of biotransport and biodistribution. Recent and past in vitro studies have shown that NPs interact with serum proteins (including complement factors), cause platelet aggregation and red blood cell hemolysis, and are taken up by phagocytic cells. However, to our knowledge a detailed in vivo study of the interaction of metallic nanoparticles with blood components as a function of their surface properties does not yet exist.

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