scholarly journals Ethnobotany in Intermedical Spaces: The Case of the Fulni-ô Indians (Northeastern Brazil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Taboada Soldati ◽  
Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Medical System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Botanical Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Traditional Botanical Knowledge

We analyzed the Fulni-ô medical system and introduced its intermedical character based on secondary data published in the literature. Then we focused on the medicinal plants known to the ethnic group, describing the most important species, their therapeutic uses and the body systems attributed to them. We based this analysis on the field experience of the authors in the project Studies for the Environmental and Cultural Sustainability of the Fulni-ô Medical System: Office of Medicinal Plant Care. This traditional botanical knowledge was used to corroborate the hybrid nature of local practices for access to health. We show that intermedicality is a result not only of the meeting of the Fulni-ô medical system with Biomedicine but also of its meeting with other traditional systems. Finally, we discuss how traditional botanical knowledge may be directly related to the ethnogenesis process led by the Fulni-ô Indians in northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Predation Risk is a Function of Seasonality Rather than Habitat Complexity in a Tropical Semi-arid Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ferreira ◽  
Renato Faria
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Predator-prey dynamic is one of the most important species’ interactions in the natural structuring of communities, and is among the more complex ecological processes studied by ecologists. We measure predation risk using artificial lizard replicas to test two competing hypotheses regarding predation pressure in semi-arid environments: (1) predation risk is dependent on the habitat structural complexity; and (2) predation risk is dependent on seasonality. We placed 960 replicas along three sites with different physical structures and in both seasons for seven consecutive days in a caatinga area in northeastern Brazil. Birds were responsible for the majority of attacks and more frequently on artificial lizards placed in trees. Attacks focused on the most vulnerable areas of the body (head and torso), proving that were perceived by predators as true prey items. We found that predation risk is not dependent on the habitat structural complexity, but rather dependent on the caatinga seasonality, with the overall attack being 19% higher in the dry season. Our study suggests that potential predation risk is highly context-dependent and that seasonality consistently drives of trophic interactions strength in the caatinga, an important ecological finding that could contribute to better understanding the complex evolution of predator-prey interactions within communities of animals living in different habitats.

scholarly journals Predation risk is a function of seasonality rather than habitat complexity in a tropical semiarid forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Santana Ferreira ◽  
Renato Gomes Faria
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Natural Monument

AbstractPredator–prey dynamics are some of the most important species’ interactions in the natural structuring of communities, and are among the more complex ecological processes studied by ecologists. We measured predation risk using artificial lizard replicas to test two competing hypotheses regarding predation pressure in semi-arid environments: (1) predation risk is dependent on the habitat structural complexity; and (2) predation risk is dependent on seasonality. We placed 960 lizard replicas along three sites with different physical structures and in both dry and rainy seasons for seven consecutive days in a caatinga area in northeastern Brazil at Grota do Angico Natural Monument (GANM). Birds were responsible for the majority of attacks and more frequently on artificial lizards placed in trees. Attacks focused on the most vulnerable areas of the body (head and torso), proving that were perceived by predators as true prey items. We found that predation risk is not dependent on the habitat structural complexity, but rather dependent on the caatinga seasonality, with the overall attack rate being 19% higher in the dry season. Our study suggests that potential predation risk is highly context-dependent and that seasonality consistently drives of trophic interactions strength in the caatinga, an important ecological finding that could contribute to better understanding the complex evolution of predator–prey interactions within communities of animals living in different habitats.

Spatiotemporal clustering, social inequities and the risk of leptospirosis in an endemic area of Brazil: a retrospective spatial modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katyucia O C de Souza ◽  
José Augusto P Góes ◽  
Matheus S Melo ◽  
Paula M G Leite ◽  
Lucas A Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Social Inequities

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Brazil of social and economic relevance related to behavioural and socioenvironmental factors. This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution of the incidence of leptospirosis and its association with social determinants in health in a state of northeastern Brazil. Methods An ecological study of temporal series with techniques of spatial analysis using secondary data of the cases of leptospirosis notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the state of Sergipe (2008–2017) was conducted. The analysis of temporal trends was performed using Poisson regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the Moran index, the local empirical Bayesian model, scan statistics and spatial regression. Results The incidence rate decreased from 3.66 to 1.44 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2008 and 2017, respectively. Leptospirosis was associated with social inequities, mostly affecting males aged 20–49 y living in urban areas. The space-time scan indicated the formation of a risk cluster in municipalities in the metropolitan region of the state. Conclusions The data indicated the persistence of leptospirosis transmission, maintaining a pattern of high endemicity in some municipalities associated with social inequities. The study showed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the disease to better target specific actions for prevention and control.

scholarly journals A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from small coastal drainages in northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the pseudotympanum of some species of the genus

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Zanata ◽  
Priscila Camelier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Horizontal Scale ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Transversal Line ◽  
Lateral Band ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

Characidium samurai, a species of the family Crenuchidae apparently endemic to rio das Almas and rio Vermelho basins, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species is readily distinguishable from its congeners, except C. lanei, by having a dark lateral band along the head and body that is particularly broad from the rear of the head to the end of the caudal peduncle (1.5 or 2 scales wide) and by the absence of dark bars or blotches on the ventral half of the body. Characidium samurai differs from C. laneiby having the lateral band with straight borders overall (vs.lateral band with somewhat irregular borders due to blotches extending dorsally or ventrally), anal fin ii,7-8 (vs. ii,6), and 4 horizontal scale rows above the lateral line and 4 below (vs. 5/3). It further differs from congeners by a series of features, including isthmus completely covered by scales, lateral line complete with 34-37 perforated scales, 9 scales on the transversal line, 14 scale rows around the caudal peduncle, anal fin ii,7-8, and the absence of dark bars or spots on the fins, except by a faded dorsal-fin bar. The presence of pseudotympanum in four species of Characidium is discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Microsporum canis from Pet Cats in Small Animal Hospitals, Chiang Mai, Thailand

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Vena Chupia ◽  
Jirapat Ninsuwon ◽  
Kakanang Piyarungsri ◽  
Chollada Sodarat ◽  
Worapat Prachasilchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fungal Identification ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Dermatophytosis is a disease caused by dermatophytes, a group of fungi that can cause disease both in humans and animals. The important genera that are pathogenic in animals include Trichophyton and Microsporum. Microsporum canis is an important species because it can cause zoonosis and is commonly found in domestic animals. Cats, which live very close to humans, may expose humans to this pathogen. This research focused on the epidemiology of M. canis found in cats. Hair samples were collected via the Mackenzie technique from cats with and without skin lesions, preliminarily examined with 10% KOH preparation, and cultured for fungal identification. Samples were confirmed with molecular techniques including polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, and sequencing. Samples were collected from 138 cats located in 93 households, 43 from cats with skin lesions (31.16%) and 95 from cats without skin lesions (68.84%). Eighteen cats with lesions (13.04%) and ten cats without lesions (7.2%) were found to carry M. canis. In eleven of the eighteen cats both with skin lesions and positive for M. canis (61.11%), the pathogen was found both at the site of the lesion and at other sites in the body. Because the pathogen can be found in the hair of cats with and without skin lesions, owners, keepers, veterinarians, and others who come into contact with these animals are at risk of infection if they are not aware or do not take precautions after contact with them.

scholarly journals ETHNO-MEDICO-BOTANICAL STUDIES ON AQUATIC PLANTS IN RURAL AREAS OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Saravanakumar K
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Scientific Name

The present work was undertaken to explore the ethno-medico-botanical values of aquatic plants from rural areas of Cuddalore District in Tamilnadu, India. Traditional knowledge of 22aquatic plants was identified as medicinally important species from local residents, vaidya, other medicine men and from othersources. Collected information’s are arranged in an alphabetical order followed by the sequence of scientific name, family, vernacular name, prescription and usage. Documentation of traditional knowledge of ethnomedico-botanical values of aquatic plant species will provide baseline information for investigating new biodynamic compounds of potential therapeutic uses in future.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of congenital syphilis in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, between 2008 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhyanine Morais de Lima Raimundo ◽  
George Jó Bezerra Sousa ◽  
Ana Beatriz Pereira da Silva ◽  
Romanniny Hévillyn Silva Costa Almino ◽  
Nanete Carolina da Costa Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Empirical Bayesian Method

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of congenital syphilis cases in a state in northeastern Brazil. Method: This is an ecological study, with secondary data for the period from 2008 to 2018, taking as a sample the notified cases of congenital syphilis in Rio Grande do Norte. In the data analysis, the eight health regions of the state were used as units of analysis, and the local and global Moran’s I was performed, with subsequent smoothing through the local empirical Bayesian method, which resulted in thematic maps. Results: The results showed an increase in cases of congenital syphilis in the 3rd and 7thhealth regions. In terms of spatial analysis, this investigation showed clusters in the 3rd, 5th, and 7thhealth regions, with an increased risk for congenital syphilis of up to 2.65 times and with an incidence rate of 7.91 cases per 1,000 live births. Conclusion: The spatial analysis of congenital syphilis cases allowed observing a high incidence in some health regions, with averages above those calculated for the entire state, indicating the need to implement effective strategies to achieve its control.

State capitalism and clusters: the case of Brazilian shipbuilding

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. DuBois ◽  
Marcos Andre Mendes Primo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
State Capitalism ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – State capitalism is an economic model that relies on the role of a strong central government to support chosen firms and industries with subsidies, tax benefits and other advantages to which non-favored firms or industries do not have access (Bremmer, 2010). From an economic development perspective state capitalism is often used to redirect economic activity to underdeveloped regions (Wickham, 2009; Chobanyan and Leigh, 2006; Porter, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to examine the case of the Brazilian shipbuilding to illustrate the use of state capitalism to direct economic activity. Design/methodology/approach – Using Porter’s diamond factor model the authors analyze the development of an economic cluster focussed on the shipbuilding industry in northeastern Brazil. Using interviews with company executives and archival information, the authors profile the investments and incentives that the government has made in this region with particular attention to the mechanisms and policy directives designed to support local involvement in cluster activity. Findings – The authors find that the Brazilian shipbuilding industry offers a unique perspective on the role that governments play in the inducement of economic activity. The authors document the challenges that confront the local enterprise in meeting the requirements of the state controlled buyer and the difficulties associated with developing a local supplier base and finding a qualified workforce. The authors conclude with comments with regard to the applicability of this model to economic development activity in other country contexts. Research limitations/implications – This research adds to the body of literature on the role of governments in the creation of economic clusters. Practical implications – Economic development in emerging markets is often associated with strong government intervention. The authors use the Brazilian shipbuilding industry to illustrate the role of a state owned enterprise in facilitation of economic development. Social implications – Some countries may suffer from what has been known as the “resource curse,” that is, the misallocation of resource wealth into non-productive activities. In this paper, the authors illustrate and attempt by the Brazilian government to use this wealth to create employment opportunities in an underdeveloped region of the country. Originality/value – Emerging markets are challenged in developing viable enterprises that are competitive in global markets. Most research on the development of industrial clusters is focussed on developed markets. These markets do not have to confront the same challenges found in emerging markets. The research illustrates these challenges and the efforts that may be made to surmount them.

Pritchett Controls: ten years into employee ownership

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-322
Author(s):  
Richard C. Hoffman ◽  
Wayne H. Decker ◽  
Frank Shipper
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
Strategic Human Resource Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
In The Beginning

Synopsis This case illustrates the rationale for adopting employee ownership, and difficulties in implementing employee empowerment beyond investment. In the beginning it focuses on why Jerry Pritchett, one of the co-founders of Pritchett Controls, decided to convert it to an employee-owned company. In the body of the case, it details the efforts of the company to operate under its new ownership structure in an increasingly competitive environment. Although Pritchett established employee owners, only selected High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) practices have been implemented. The issue that reader must grapple with is whether other HPWS practices should be adopted or not. Research methodology Primary data were collected by interviewing eight managers including the current and former CEO at two of the firm’s three locations. Secondary data were used to supplement industry and competitive information. Relevant courses and levels Human resources courses, especially those that focus on strategic human resource management, organizational development, and how high performance organizations can be built, would be most appropriate for this case. Theoretical bases The primary theoretical foundations for this submission are shared entrepreneurship and HPWS. Knowledge of leadership, employee ownership, human resources, corporate governance, organizational culture and strategy would also be helpful in analyzing this case.

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