scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microstructural Characterization of Injectable Load-Bearing Calcium Phosphate Scaffold

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Alshaaer ◽  
Mohammed H. Kailani ◽  
Hanan Jafar ◽  
Nidaa Ababneh ◽  
Abdalla Awidi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Injectable Scaffolds ◽  
Valid Solution

Injectable load-bearing calcium phosphate scaffolds are synthesized using rod-like mannitol grains as porogen. These degradable injectable strong porous scaffolds, prepared by calcium phosphate cement, could represent a valid solution to achieve adequate porosity requirements while providing adequate support in load-bearing applications. The proposed process for preparing porous injectable scaffolds is as quick and versatile as conventional technologies. Using this method, porous CDHA-based calcium phosphate scaffolds with macropores sizes ranging from 70 to 300 μm, micropores ranging from 5 to 30 μm, and 30% open macroporosity were prepared. The setting time of the prepared scaffolds was 15 minutes. Also their compressive strength and e-modulus, 4.9 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively, were comparable with those of the cancellous bone. Finally, the bioactivity of the scaffolds was confirmed by cell growth with cytoplasmic extensions in the scaffolds in culture, demonstrating that the scaffold has a potential for MSC seeding and growth architecture. This combination of an interconnected macroporous structure with pore size suitable for the promotion of cell seeding and proliferation, plus adequate mechanical features, represents a porous scaffold which is a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.

Fabrication of poly (1, 8-octanediol-co-Pluronic F127 citrate)/chitin nanofibril/bioactive glass (POFC/ChiNF/BG) porous scaffold via directional-freeze-casting

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-599
Author(s):  
Yaling Tian ◽  
Kai Liang ◽  
Yali Ji
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Pluronic F127 ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Freeze Casting ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Complete Replacement

AbstractThe citrate-based thermoset elastomer is a promising candidate for bone scaffold material, but the harsh curing condition made it difficult to fabricate porous structure. Recently, poly (1, 8-octanediol-co-Pluronic F127 citrate) (POFC) porous scaffold was creatively fabricated by chitin nanofibrils (ChiNFs) supported emulsion-freeze-casting. Thanks to the supporting role of ChiNFs, the lamellar pore structure formed by directional freeze-drying was maintained during the subsequent thermocuring. Herein, bioactive glass (BG) was introduced into the POFC porous scaffolds to improve bioactivity. It was found the complete replacement of ChiNF particles with BG particles could not form a stable porous structure; however, existing at least 15 wt% ChiNF could ensure the formation of lamellar pore, and the interlamellar distance increased with BG ratios. Thus, the BG granules did not contribute to the formation of pore structure like ChiNFs, however, they surely endowed the scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties, improved osteogenesis bioactivity, better cytocompatibility as well as quick degradation rate. Reasonably adjusting BG ratios could balance the requirements of porous structure and bioactivity.

Primary Study of an Injectable In Situ Composite of Collagen/Calcium Phosphate Porous Scaffold for Bone Substitute

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 857-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Yao ◽  
Dong Xiao Li ◽  
K.W. Liu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
In Situ Composite ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Main Material

This study was to develop an injectable biocompatible and porous calcium phosphate collagen composite cement scaffold by in situ setting. TTCP was prepared as main material of the CPC powder, and the collagen solution was added into the phosphoric acid directly to form the liquid phase. The injectable time (tI), setting time (tS) and setting temperature (TS), along with the PH value were recorded during the setting process. The compressive strength, morphology and porosity were tested. With the increase of collagen, this novel CPC get a tI of 5mins to 8mins, tS of 20mins to 30mins, compressive strength from 1.5MPa to 4MPa, and the porosity from 40% to 60%. This study gave a possibility to form a porous scaffold of collagen/CPC composite with the nature of injectability and setting in situ.

Preparation and Characterization of Silk Fibroin/Calcium Phosphate Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1655-1658
Author(s):  
Biao Wang ◽  
Rui Juan Xie ◽  
Yang Yang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Acicular Crystal ◽  
Setting Times

In this paper, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was prepared with tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)/dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) system as solid phase and phosphate buffered solution (PBS) as liquid phase, then silk fibroin (SF) was added into CPC to form silk fibroin/calcium phosphate composite. To study the effect of SF on the properties of composite, different mass fraction of SF was added into the composite. The surface morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The setting time was investigated by ISO Cement Standard Consistency Instrument. The structure of the composite was studied by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of samples were tested by Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results showed that the particles of SF could be seen obviously in the surface of all composite, and acicular crystal of hydroxyapatite (HA) was formed in the hardening body of both the composite and the pure CPC. The acicular crystal of HA derived from composite with SF appeared to be thinner. The setting times of the composites were all between 9 to 15min. Compared to pure CPC, the compressive strength and work-of-compressive of composites were all improved. The compressive strength of the composite with 1% SF increased obviously.

Calcium Phosphate Open Porous Scaffold Bioceramics

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Gittings ◽  
I.G. Turner ◽  
A.W. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microcrack Formation ◽  
Relationship Of

Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics possessing an interconnecting porosity network in the appropriate size range for vascularisation offer the possibility of providing a structural matrix for replacement of diseased or damaged bone. Such bioceramics must possess sufficient mechanical strength to avoid failure whilst offering a bioactive surface for bone regeneration. The objective of the current study was to produce a hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) bioceramic that imitated the orientated trabecular structure found in cancellous bone. The structure-property relationship of these bioceramics was then analysed. It was hypothesised that the mechanical properties would be linked to the shape of the pore structure due to the orientation of the open porous scaffolds (OPS) produced. OPS bioceramics possessed an interconnected macroporosity network of 40-70% by volume with bending strengths of 0.30MPa ± 0.01MPa and apparent densities of 0.35g/cm3 ± 0.05g/cm3. Typically, pore sizes in the range of 150-300µm were produced. The fabrication of CaP OPS resulted in a wide range of macroporosity in the correct size range for osseointegration to occur. Elongating the pore structure did not affect the total porosity of the bioceramics. Strengths were low due to microcrack formation on sintering and not due to the shape of the pores present in the scaffold as initially hypothesised.

Sintering and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials Elaborated from Fossilized Calcareous Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 701-706
Author(s):  
Daiara F. Silva ◽  
Nelson Heriberto Almeida Camargo ◽  
Nelson Levandowski ◽  
Priscila F. Franczak ◽  
Mônica S. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Open Porosity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Bioceramics of calcium phosphate, obtained from natural raw materials, are promising as bone substitutes because they exhibit crystallographic similarity with the bone tissue. This work deals with the sintering and characterization of calcium phosphate biomaterials from fossilized calcareous shells. Four compositions of biomaterials were prepared with Ca/P molar ratio ranging from 1.4 to 1.67. They were synthesized using a wet method and calcined at 900°C/2h providing calcium phosphate powder, then compressed into a metallic mould. The samples obtained from this compression were sintered at 1200oC for 2h. The biomaterials recovered from sintering were subjected to a microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy [SE and by X-ray diffraction [XR. Mechanical properties were determined by compression tests. Finally, the Arthur method was used for determining the hydrostatic density and open porosity from these biomaterials. The value of fracture strength was between 54 and 84 MPa for compositions 1.5, 1.67 and 1.6 molar and for composition 1.4 molar about 328 Mpa. The results also showed was the amount of open porosity which ranged between 35 and 54% with increasing Ca/P molar ratio. These studies demonstrate that the production of biomaterials from fossilized calcareous shells may be a new alternative to the production of biomaterials for bone reconstruction.

Characterization of α/β-TCP Based Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement as a Potential Bone Substitute

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Sariibrahimoglu ◽  
Joop G.C. Wolke ◽  
Sander C.G. Leeuwenburgh ◽  
John A. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements ◽  
Apatite Cement ◽  
Tcp Phase

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) can be a suitable scaffold material for bone tissue engineering because of their osteoconductivity and perfect fit with the surrounding tissue when injected in situ. However, the main disadvantage of hydroxyapatite (HA) forming CPC is its slow degradation rate, which hinders complete bone regeneration. A new approach is to use hydraulic apatite cement with mainly α/β-tricalciumphosphate (TCP) instead of α-TCP. After hydrolysis the α/β-TCP transforms in a partially non-absorbable HA and a completely resorbable β-TCP phase. Therefore, α-TCP material was thermally treated at several temperatures and times resulting in different α/β-TCP ratios. In this experiment, we developed and evaluated injectable biphasic calcium phosphate cements (BCPC) in vitro. Biphasic α/β-TCP powder was produced by heating α-TCP ranging from 1000-11250°C. Setting time and compressive strength of the CPCs were analyzed after soaking in PBS for 6 weeks. Results demonstrated that the phase composition can be controlled by the sintering temperature. Heat treatment of α-TCP, resulted in 100%, 75% and 25% of α-to β-TCP transformation, respectively. Incorporation of these sintered BCP powder into the cement formulation increased the setting time of the CPC paste. Compressive strength decreased with increasing β-TCP content. In this study, biphasic CPCs were produced and characterized in vitro. This injectable biphasic CPC presented comparable properties to an apatitic CPC.

scholarly journals Design, analysis, fabrication and testing of PC porous scaffolds using rapid prototyping in clinical applications

Biomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Kumaresan Thavasiappan ◽  
Mohan Sivakumar Venkatesan ◽  
Mohamed Ariffuddeen ◽  
Onishi Ponnuchamy ◽  
Naveen Ravichandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Pore Model ◽  
Artificial Bones

Introduction and Aim: Rapid prototyping is an advanced fabricating method, where three dimensional objects are built precisely from their three-dimensional computer aided design models in a very short duration. In contrast to traditional machining methods, most of the rapid prototyping techniques tend to fabricate parts based on additive manufacturing process. Fabrication of biomaterial into 3-D scaffold structures is the next vital step in the development of bone implants depending on bone injuries of individual patients, and it is highly demanding among the Indian orthopedic surgeons for treating those bone related defects. Therefore, the need for reliable and economically feasible design, better biomaterials, and efficient fabrication method for scaffold to treat musculoskeletal defects has increased in recent years. Materials and Methods: Investigation of scaffold for porous structured bone implant is a recently emerging field in medicine and is involved in developing artificial bones like structure using materials like Tri Calcium Phosphate (TCP), Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), Hydroxyapatite (HA), Polycaprolactone, polycarbonate (PC), poly (l-lactide) PLLA or Polyamide (PA) etc., by incorporating pores in the scaffold. In this research, the samples of the scaffold specimens were designed and fabricated using Stereo lithography technique with biocompatible PC resin and the strength of each sample were analyzed. Results: The porous scaffold models are structured with different designs utilizing the CAD software. The porous scaffold with various porosity and pore shape is analyzed through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). StereolithographyViperSi2 method was utilized to manufacture the polycarbonate scaffold. The manufactured rhombus pore model shows the stress value esteems around 200 MPa¸ which is nearest to the compressive strength of human bone. Subsequently the rhombus pore model gives better mechanical load bearing capacity when implanted for tissue recovery in bones. Conclusion: Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate material give better surface completion, 100% pore interconnectivity and new tissue arrangement of the fabricated porous scaffold. The SLA technique offers the more noteworthy load bearing quality and great exactness of the fabricated scaffold.  

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