scholarly journals Drug Resistance among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Calabar, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akaninyene Otu ◽  
Victor Umoh ◽  
Abdulrazak Habib ◽  
Soter Ameh ◽  
Lovett Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Proportion Method

Background. This study aimed to determine the pattern of drug susceptibility to first-line drugs among pulmonary TB patients in two hospitals in Calabar, Nigeria.Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between February 2011 and April 2012. Sputum samples from consecutive TB patients in Calabar were subjected to culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) slopes followed by drug susceptibility testing (DST). The DST was performed on LJ medium by the proportion method.Results. Forty-two of the 100Mycobacterium tuberculosisstrains were found to be resistant to at least one drug. Resistance to only one drug (monoresistance) was found in 17 patients. No strains with monoresistance to rifampicin were found. Resistance to two drugs was found in 22 patients, while one patient was resistant to both three and four drugs. MDR TB was seen in 4% (4/100). The independent variables of HIV serology and sex were not significantly associated with resistance (P>0.05).Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of anti-TB drug resistance in Calabar.

scholarly journals Drug Susceptibility Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Patients Visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S. Dahal ◽  
M.R. Banjara ◽  
D. Khadka ◽  
G. Ghimire ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess drug susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 145 clinically suspected and previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktapur, Nepal. After obtaining written informed consent, questionnaire was administered and sputum samples were collected from each patient. Each sample was subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium at 37ºC for 8 weeks. MTB isolates were identified by growth rate and colony morphology, confirmed by biochemical tests and drug susceptibility testing (DST) of identified isolates was performed by proportion method. Results: A total of 49.7% (n=72) sputum samples were positive for MTB by culture and 46.9% (n=68) were positive by ZN staining. Among culture positive isolates of MTB (n= 72), 25% (n=18) were resistant to at least one drug. The prevalence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was 15.3% (n=11) of which 5.56% (n=4) were resistant to rifampicin (RIF) only, 1.39% (n= 1) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only. Out of 18 resistant isolates, 61.1% (n=11) were resistant to both RIF and INH, 21.43% (n=3) resistant to INH were susceptible to RIF and 26.67% (n=4) resistant to RIF were susceptible to INH. Smoking (P=0.001) and coughing (P=0.009) were statistically significant with isolation of MTB. Conclusion: Since the prevalence of MDR-TB was high, MDR-TB strains should be identified in order to initiate second line treatment.

scholarly journals Discordance of the Repeat GeneXpert MTB/RIF test for Rifampicin resistance detection among patients Initiating MDR-TB treatment in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Ssengooba ◽  
Jean de Dieu Iragena ◽  
Kevin Komakech ◽  
Iginitius Okello ◽  
Joanitah Nalunjogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background The Global Laboratory Initiative (GLI) guidelines recommend to repeat GeneXpertMTB/RIF (XpertMTB/RIF) in patients with a low-pretest probability of rifampicin-resistance (RR). Design/Methods In a cross-sectional study using results of sputum specimens collected from participants screened for the STREAM 2 trial. We recruited all patients with XpertMTB/RIF RR-TB detected who were referred for RR/MDR-TB treatment initiation at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, between September 2017 and October 2019. At baseline, smear microscopy, repeat XpertMTB/RIF, Xpert Ultra and MTBDRplus assays were done on sputum specimens. Culture-based drug-susceptibility testing (DST) were done on discordant specimens. We analysed the prevalence and factors associated with discordance between initial and repeat XpertMTB/RIF RR and false XpertMTB/RIF RR. False XpertMTB/RIF RR was defined as no RR detected by any of Xpert Ultra, LPA or culture DST (reference comparator). Results A total of 126/130 patients had repeat XpertMTB/RIF results of which, 97 (77.0%) had M. tuberculosis detected of whom, 81 (83.5%) had RR detected, and 1 (1.0%) had RR indeterminate. The prevalence of discordant XpertMTB/RIF RR was 15/96 (15.6%) whereas false XpertMTB/RIF RR prevalence was 10/96 (10.4%). Low bacillary load sputum specimens were more likely to have discordant XpertMTB/RIF RR and false XpertMTB/RIF RR results, aOR (p-value: 95%CI), 0.04 (0.01; 0.00-0.37) and 0.02 (0.01; 0.01-0.35) respectively. Conclusion Our findings show a high false-positive rifampicin resistance rate in low TB burden patients, which calls for repeat testing in order to prevent unnecessary prescription of anti MDR-TB therapy.

scholarly journals Patterns of Drug Resistance Among Tuberculosis Patients in West and Northwestern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla Sahebi ◽  
Khalil Ansarin ◽  
Parviz Mohajeri ◽  
Majid Khalili ◽  
Amir Monfaredan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among chronic infectious diseases. Objective: The goal of this cross-sectional study (2011-2013;2013) was to examine the patterns of TB drug resistance among HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients in regions near the Iranian border. Method: To this end, MTB isolates were harvested from 300 HIV-negative, pulmonary smear-positive TB patients from the northwest and west Iranian border provinces. Isolates were subjected to first and second-line drug susceptibility testing by the 1% proportion method. Demographic and clinical data were provided using a questionnaire and information from patient records. Results were analyzed using SPSS-18. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.03 years and 54.3% were male. The prevalence of resistance to any TB drug was 13.6% (38 cases). Eleven percent of the new treatment TB group (28 patients) and 40.7% of the retreatment TB group (11 patients) were resistant to all TB drugs. Twelve (4.3%) patients had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (2.38% in the new TB treatment group and 23.1% in the retreatment group). One patient had extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). There was a statistically significant relationship between TB drug resistance and smoking (p=0.02) and a history of migration from village to city (p=0.04), also between TB drug resistance and recurrence of TB in patients that had previously received treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge of drug resistance patterns for new and previously treated cases is critical for effective control of MDR-TB in different regions of the country. The burden of MDR-TB in retreatment cases was high. Previous TB treatment was one of the most important mokers and those who had a history of rural to urban migration were at high risk for the occurrence of TB drug resistance.

scholarly journals Comparative study of different methods of microscopy followed by a culture method in the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinically and radiologically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Aarthi Sridhar ◽  
Anjana Gopi ◽  
Abhilasha Dalal ◽  
Divya Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indicator Tube ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

To compare the sensitivity of 2 microscopic methods for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) along with culture and drug susceptibility testing to first line drugs.: The cross-sectional study comprises 200 suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis both clinically and radiologically in KIMS, Bangalore over a period of 2 years. Samples (sputum/BAL fluid) were collected, processed and stained by Ziehl Neelson (ZN) and Fluorescent methods. Culture and drug susceptibilty testing was done for Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol by Mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) method after decontamination.Fischer’s test : 1. Out of 200 samples: 1.120 were male and 80 were female; 2. 18 were positive by Ziehl Neelson, 21 by Fluorescent and 28 by culture; 3. Majority of the patients belonged to age group 41-50 years (23%); 4. InMGIT, 26 were M.tb and 2 were Non-tubercular mycobacteria; 5. Out of 26 M.tb isolates, 4 were resistant to streptomycin, 6 to isoniazid, 2 to rifampicin and 9 to ethambutol.1. The sensitivity of Fluorescent staining (64.28%) is higher than that of Ziehl-Neelson (51.7%); 2. In MGIT, 26 were M.tb and 2 were Non tubercular mycobacteria; 3. 2 were Multi-drug resistant- tuberculosis (MDR-TB) This study made us aware of the need for prompt detection, identification and appropriate treatment of Tuberculosis due to the rising incidence of MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Resistance for Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Central Black Sea Region of Turke

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
SALIH BILGIN ◽  
MEFTUN UNSAL ◽  
HASAN HAMZA CEBI ◽  
ALPER AKGUNES
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Central Black Sea Region ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Previously Treated

One of the primary aims in tuberculosis (TB) management is to detect new cases as early as possible, and instigate the most appropriate therapy, for which it is important to know the characteristics of TB drug resistance in society. The aim of our study was to determine the resistance status of tuberculosis in the Samsun region of Turkey. To achieve that, the medical records of 1,029 pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to Samsun Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Hospital between 2004 and 2006 were analyzed for drug resistance characteristics. In order to define the problem, isolates were tested on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. For drug susceptibility testing, isoniazid (I), streptomycin (S), ethambutol (E), rifampicin (R) and the radiometric Bactec 460 TB system were used. Eighty-six percent (86%) of the cases (623/721) were new patients, and 13.5% (98/721) were previously treated cases. One hundred and thirty-four (134) of the 721 patients (18.6%) had resistance to one or more drugs. Resistance to any drug was determined in 16.9% (105/623) cases of new patients. I resistance was 13.2%, any R resistance was 2.9%, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) was 1.9%. In previously treated cases, resistance to any drug was 29.6%, any I resistance was 26.5%, any R resistance was 15.3%, and MDR was 13.3%. It was concluded that resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is an important problem in Samsun.

scholarly journals Concurrent evaluation of microscopic observation of drug susceptibility assay for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 089-094
Author(s):  
Sonali Sudhir Zadbuke ◽  
Reena Set ◽  
Nishat Khan ◽  
Jayanthi Shastri
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
Time To Detection

Abstract BACKGROUND: Methods for detection and drug susceptibility of tuberculosis (TB) with solid media are inexpensive but slow and laborious. Rapid methods to diagnose TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) are a global priority for TB control. OBJECTIVES: A study was performed to compare the sensitivity of detection of mycobacterial growth and time of culture positivity by microscopic observation of drug susceptibility (MODS) assay with that of Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) culture in pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and to evaluate the concordance of the susceptibilities to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) by MODS and proportion method on LJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, laboratory-based study was conducted on a total of 300 samples from suspected cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Samples were inoculated on LJ medium as per the standard guidelines and MODS assay was performed. RESULTS: Sensitivity of MODS assay was 80% and 83.3% and specificity was 92.9% and 83.3% for pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples, respectively. Difference between mean time to detection of Mycobacterium TB (MTB) by LJ medium and MODS was statistically significant, with MODS being faster. drug susceptibility testing (DST) by MODS when compared to economic variant of proportion method was 87.87% for RIF, 90.9% for INH, and 96.96% for MDR-TB detection. CONCLUSIONS: MODS assay provides rapid, safe, and sensitive detection of TB faster than the existing gold standard. It is extremely promising in effectively diagnosing MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pre - Extensively Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (Pre XDR-TB) & Extensively Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) among Pulmonary Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jamnagar

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dipali Gavali ◽  
Binita Aring ◽  
Hiral Gadhavi ◽  
Akhlakahemad Nathamehta ◽  
Abhishek Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistance

Aims and Objective: Many diseases have a high prevalence in India, accounting for one-fourth of the Tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world. In our study, we aimed to find the prevalence of Pre XDR-TB and XDR-TB amongst newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary MDR-TB who had never been previously treated with second-line drugs. A prospective study was conducted in Culture and Drug susceptibility testing laboratory, Jamnagar and its associated Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) centre. Materials and Methods: Baseline second-line liquid culture DST has been recently integrated with the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) diagnostic algorithm. We included 500 patients who were diagnosed in cases of pulmonary MDR-TB never exposed to second-line TB-Drugs. Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube method conducted in an RNTCP accredited Culture and Drug susceptibility testing laboratory, Jamnagar, as part of the evaluation in the public healthcare system from where patients were referred for diagnosis to us. Results: 585 MDR suspected sputum samples were received, 466 sputum samples were showing culture positive for acid-fast bacilli which were screened against second-line drug susceptibility testing by using of BACTEC MGIT 960 (MGIT 960) instrument. About 293 Mycobacterium samples were MDR-TB, 151 were Pre- XDR TB and 22 were XDR-TB. Conclusion: The prevalence of Pre XDR-TB and XDR-TB among MDR-TB patients were 32.4% and 4.7% respectively. The high prevalence of Pre XDR-TB (FQ) is alarming and of concern in the management of MDR-TB control in Jamnagar area.

scholarly journals GeneXpert on patients with human immunodeficiency virus and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253961
Author(s):  
Nguyen Kim Cuong ◽  
Nguyen Bao Ngoc ◽  
Nguyen Binh Hoa ◽  
Vu Quoc Dat ◽  
Nguyen Viet Nhung
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Smear Negative

Objectives Vietnam is a high-prevalence country for tuberculosis (TB). Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel PCR-based diagnostic test that is substantially more sensitive for detecting M. tuberculosis than traditional smear-based techniques. However, locally-derived evidence of Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected people is limited. This study evaluates the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNTB). Methods This was a cross-sectional study in 3 hospitals. The performance of Xpert MTB/RIF was compared with the reference standard of liquid culture and phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing for rifampicin (RIF) resistance. Results Out of 123 patients, the median age was 37.0 (IQR: 32.0–41.0) and 81.3% were male. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of Xpert MTB/RIF for pulmonary TB diagnosis were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.81), 66.7% (95%CI: 54.8–77.1) and 77.1% (95%CI: 62.7–88.0), respectively, while Se and Sp of Xpert MTB/RIF in detecting RIF resistance were 50.0 (11.8–88.2) and 86.4% (95%CI: 72.7–94.8). Conclusion The performance of Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected patients with SNTB for the diagnosis of TB and RIF-resistance was low. Further studies are required to evaluate the results of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in HIV-infected patients with SNTB and the role of Xpert repetition on the same specimens.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinant of Depression among Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: Study in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Mahalul Azam ◽  
Arulita Ika Fibriana ◽  
Fitri Indrawati ◽  
Indah Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Mdr Tb

Backgrouds: Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) adds the burden of tuberculosis (TB). Depression is a common comorbidity in TB patients. Prevalence of depression among MDR-TB patients was higher, i.e. 11-70%. Prevalence of depression among TB patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital was 51.9%. Previous study reported the determinants related to the depression in MDR-TB patients. This study explored the prevalence of depression in MDR-TB patients and its determinants. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from July-August 2019. Data consisted of primary and secondary data from Dr. Kariadi General Hospital patients. Sample in this study involved 72 respondents, over 16 years old from 151 registered MDR-TB patients. Depression status was determined using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales obtained from the medical record. Subjects’ characteristics and determinants were collected from primary as well as secondary data. Descriptive data were presented in proportion. Chi-square test continued by Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the association between depression status and its determinants. A P-value

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