scholarly journals The Clinical Obesity Maintenance Model: An Integration of Psychological Constructs including Mood, Emotional Regulation, Disordered Overeating, Habitual Cluster Behaviours, Health Literacy and Cognitive Function

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Raman ◽  
Evelyn Smith ◽  
Phillipa Hay
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Maintenance Model

Psychological distress and deficits in executive functioning are likely to be important barriers to effective weight loss maintenance. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, in the light of recent evidence in the fields of neuropsychology and obesity, particularly on the deficits in the executive function in overweight and obese individuals, a conceptual and theoretical framework of obesity maintenance is introduced by way of a clinical obesity maintenance model (COMM). It is argued that psychological variables, that of habitual cluster Behaviors, emotional dysregulation, mood, and health literacy, interact with executive functioning and impact on the overeating/binge eating behaviors of obese individuals. Second, cognizant of this model, it is argued that the focus of obesity management should be extended to include a broader range of maintaining mechanisms, including but not limited to cognitive deficits. Finally, a discussion on potential future directions in research and practice using the COMM is provided.

scholarly journals The Night Side of Blood Pressure: Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping and Emotional (dys)Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8892
Author(s):  
Maria Casagrande ◽  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Viviana Langher ◽  
Angela Guarino ◽  
Enrico Di Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Emotional Process ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Night Side ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping ◽  
Tas 20

Introduction: The dipping phenomenon is a physiological drop in blood pressure (around 10–20%) during sleep and represents an event related to the circadian blood pressure trend. This phenomenon, in some cases, is characterized by some alterations that can be expressed by an increase (extreme dipping), a decrease (non-dipping), or a reverse (i.e., higher blood pressure during sleep compared to awake state; reverse-dipping) physiological decline of blood pressure. Few studies focused on the association between the circadian variation of blood pressure and psychological variables, although this information could help understanding how psychological characteristics (e.g., emotional regulation or dysregulation) interact with individuals’ physiological processes. Given the association between emotional dysregulation and essential hypertension, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and dipping status in a sample of healthy and hypertensive adults in the absence of other medical conditions. Methods: Two hundred and ten adults took part in the study and were classified, according to ambulatorial blood pressure measure (ABPM), into three groups: dippers (n = 70), non-dippers (n = 70), and extreme dippers (n = 70). The participants completed a socio-demographic and anamnestic interview and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). Results: The ANOVAs on the TAS-20 subscales showed that the groups differed in the difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings. In both the subscales, dippers showed lower scores than non-dippers and extreme dippers. The ANOVA on the global score of TAS-20 confirmed that dippers were less alexithymic than both extreme dippers and non-dippers. Conclusions: This study confirms that some psychological factors, like alexithymia, could represent a characteristic of patients who fail to exhibit an adaptive dipping phenomenon. Moreover, an association between an excessive reduction of BP (extreme dipping) or a lack of the decrease of BP during sleep (non-dipping) and a worse emotional regulation, considering alexithymia construct, was highlighted for the first time, confirming the relevant role of the emotional process in the modulation of an essential psychophysiological process such as the circadian variation of BP.

scholarly journals Psychological Risk Factors for the Development of Restrictive and Bulimic Eating Behaviors: A Polish and Vietnamese Comparison

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Bernadetta Izydorczyk ◽  
Ha Truong Thi Khanh ◽  
Małgorzata Lipowska ◽  
Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska ◽  
Sebastian Lizińczyk
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Vietnamese Women ◽  
Eating Disorders Inventory ◽  
Body Self ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Different Cultures

The aim of this paper is to identify psychological factors which are culture specific or common predictors for restrictive and bulimic behaviors towards eating for young women raised in different cultures. The study included 661 young women from Poland (n = 233) and Vietnam (n = 428). Subjects filled-in the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS), and body measurements were collected to calculate anthropometric indices. Women form Vietnam were less satisfied with their appearance than were their Polish peers, but Vietnamese showed a lower level of preoccupation with being overweight and fear of obesity. Intercultural differences indicate that Vietnamese women show greater intensities for psychological variables, connected with restrictive and bulimic eating behaviors, verified in the research model: low self-esteem, personal alienation, interpersonal insecurity, interpersonal alienation, emotional dysregulation, interoceptive deficits, perfectionism and asceticism, and anxiety.

scholarly journals Profiles of Emotion Regulation and Post-Traumatic Stress Severity among Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6865
Author(s):  
Marina Muñoz-Rivas ◽  
Ana Bellot ◽  
Ignacio Montorio ◽  
Rosa Ronzón-Tirado ◽  
Natalia Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Post Traumatic

Emotional dysregulation is a construct that has drawn substantial attention as a transdiagnostic contributing factor to the loss of health. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a term used to describe physical, psychological, or sexual assault of a spouse or sexual partner. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of emotional dysregulation among women with different types of IPV revictimization and post-traumatic stress. The cross-sectional survey included 120 women attended by the Integrated Monitoring System of Gender Violence of Madrid, Spain, due to a gender violence complaint. The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (DSM 5 criteria), emotional dysregulation (Emotional Processing Scale (EPS)), childhood trauma, and type of revictimization were evaluated. Cluster analysis found three profiles of emotional regulation: Emotionally Regulated, Avoidance/Non-Impoverished, and Emotional Overwhelm. The results showed that the Emotional Overwhelm group was characterized by a general dysregulation of emotional experiences and a greater intensity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. In addition, women who have suffered several episodes of IPV by different partners showed a differential pattern of emotional regulation than the rest of the victims that entailed greater psychopathology. Findings confirm that emotional dysregulation is a critical pathway to the decrease of health among IPV victims.

scholarly journals Clinical and Neurophysiological Correlates of Emotion and Food Craving Regulation in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Mallorquí-Bagué ◽  
María Lozano-Madrid ◽  
Giulia Testa ◽  
Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz ◽  
Isabel Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Relevant Task

Background: Difficulties in emotion regulation and craving regulation have been linked to eating symptomatology in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), contributing to the maintenance of their eating disorder. Methods: To investigate clinical and electrophysiological correlates of these processes, 20 patients with AN and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a computerized task during EEG recording, where they were instructed to down-regulate negative emotions or food craving. Participants also completed self-report measures of emotional regulation and food addiction. The P300 and Late Positive Potential (LPP) ERPs were analysed. Results: LPP amplitudes were significantly smaller during down-regulation of food craving among both groups. Independent of task condition, individuals with AN showed smaller P300 amplitudes compared to HC. Among HC, the self-reported use of re-appraisal strategies positively correlated with LPP amplitudes during emotional regulation task, while suppressive strategies negatively correlated with LPP amplitudes. The AN group, in comparison to the HC group, exhibited greater food addiction, greater use of maladaptive strategies, and emotional dysregulation. Conclusions: Despite the enhanced self-reported psychopathology among AN, both groups indicated neurophysiological evidence of food craving regulation as evidenced by blunted LPP amplitudes in the relevant task condition. Further research is required to delineate the mechanisms associated with reduced overall P300 amplitudes among individuals with AN.

scholarly journals Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Marta Tironi ◽  
Simone Charpentier Charpentier Mora ◽  
Donatella Cavanna ◽  
Jessica L. Borelli ◽  
Fabiola Bizzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiac Slowing

Although many studies have documented associations between insecure attachment and psychopathology, attachment may not confer risk for psychopathology independently, but rather through its interaction with emotional, social, and biological factors. Understanding the variables through which attachment may lead to psychopathology is therefore important. Within this domain of research, the role of physiological factors is poorly investigated. What are the relevant domains and why, when, or for whom do they influence mental disorders relating to attachment? The current systematic review aims to answer these questions. Results reveal that physiological indices of emotional regulation play a role in explaining and/or determining the relationship between attachment and psychopathology. Specifically: (1) combined with insecure attachment, higher skin conductance level (SCL), lower cardiac slowing, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia modulation (RSA) contribute to different psychopathological indicators and behavioral/psychological dysfunctions, although the latter predicts a contradictory pattern of findings; (2) insecure-avoidant attachment is more consistently linked with stress and emotional dysregulation when combined with RSA, while anxious attachment confers risk of depressive symptoms when combined with SCL. We concluded our discussion of the results of seven studies by outlining a plan to move the field forward. We discuss the quality of the assessment, methodological limitations, and future directions, highlighting the need to extend the research to clinical samples.

Social health literacy: Existing evidence, research gaps, and future directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sentell ◽  
R Pitt ◽  
O Okan ◽  
J Manganello ◽  
P Massey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals Health Literacy is Linked to Executive Functioning in Older American Indians

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1241-1241
Author(s):  
A Burks ◽  
J Avila ◽  
G Kaz ◽  
S Pacheco ◽  
S Verney
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Matrix Reasoning

Abstract Objective Health literacy (HL), the ability to understand one’s own medical conditions and navigate the healthcare system, is strongly associated with both educational achievement and executive functioning. Many American Indians (AIs) have experienced trauma in early education, such as forced removal into harsh boarding school systems; these experiences may impact their educational achievement, and subsequently, HL. Further, AIs disproportionately experience a myriad of chronic diseases. The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between HL and executive functioning in older AIs. Participants and Method Participants were recruited from a southwestern urban area, who self-identified as AIs, aged 55 to 80 (n = 43). Participants were asked to complete a series of questionnaires, interviews, and neuropsychological tests over two sessions, the second session was optional. This poster investigates the data from participants who completed both sessions. We created a composite variable of HL measures, (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, Newest Vital Sign, and the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults verbal and numeracy z-scores). Results HL was positively correlated with both WASI Matrix Reasoning and WASI Similarities. Similarly, HL was positively correlated with Verbal Semantic Fluency (VSF) – Animals and Plants. However, there was no significant correlation between HL and VSF – Fruits and Vegetables or HL and Trails Making – B. Conclusions These findings suggest that HL and executive functioning are linked in older AIs. Discrepancies between the executive functioning tests (VSF – Animals, Fruits/Vegetables, and Plants) may be due to resources, culture, and education quality. These findings highlight the need for further investigation of cultural context and the accompanying development of culturally appropriate measures.

Actual and perceived patient health literacy: How accurate are residents’ predictions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laci L Zawilinski ◽  
Heather Kirkpatrick ◽  
Barbara Pawlaczyk ◽  
Himabindu Yarlagadda
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Health literacy has repeatedly been shown to be associated with a multitude of negative health outcomes. Previous research has shown that patient health literacy levels are hard to predict by physicians and that assessment tools used to measure health literacy may be outdated or lacking. The purpose of this study is to replicate and extend the findings of previous research by examining residents’ ability to predict health literacy levels in patients and to use a newer validated measure of health literacy. A total of 38 patient encounters were included in this study. Patients were administered the Health Literacy Skills Instrument-Short Form to assess health literacy levels. Twenty resident physicians conducted visits with study participants and were asked to predict the health literacy of their patients. Results indicated that, consistent with previous research, residents’ predictions of patient health literacy were not consistent with patient health literacy levels as measured by the Health Literacy Skills Instrument-Short Form. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.

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