Prevalence of eating disorders on male team sports players

ObjectiveTo determinate the prevalence of EDs in national adult male team sports players.MethodologyAn observational study was conducted with 124 football, rugby, volleyball, handball, water polo, baseball and hockey players ranging between 18 and 55 years old. All subjects signed the informed consent before participating in the study. Data were collected via an online form including four validated questionnaires: The Eating Habits Questionnaire for Athletes, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 and the Body Shape Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted with the software IBM SPSS V.23.0.0.Results18.5% of the population presented a clinical profile compatible with an ED diagnosis. We cannot confidently say that the prevalence of EDs within our sample is conditioned by the analysed variables.ConclusionMale team sports players may also be a high-risk group in the development of EDs. Risk factors such as young age, semiprofessional sporting status and body fat composition could influence its development.

Psychological Constructs and Dysfunctional Eating in Pakistani University Students

The present study aims to test a model that seeks to explainhow Parental Bonding and Loneliness may be responsible in the developmentof Dysfunctional Eating Patterns such as Cognitive Restraint,Emotional Eating, Uncontrolled Eating, Drive toward Thinness, Bulimiaand Dissatisfaction with Body Image. It was further hypothesizedthat Metacognitions, Core beliefs andMeta-Emotions would mediate between Loneliness, ParentalBonding, and the aforementioned Dysfunctional Eating Patterns. Correlationalresearch design has been used. A sample of 210 university studentswas selected from government and private universities. Urdu translated versionsof UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R-18,Eating Disorders Inventory-3, Parental Bonding Inventory, Beliefsabout Emotions Scale, Eating Disorders Belief Questionnaire andMetacognitions Questionnaire were used for assessment purposes.Correlational Analysis, and Multiple Hierarchical Regressionwere used to analyze the data. Almost all dimensions of ParentalBonding showed significant relationship with some patterns of DysfunctionalEating. Loneliness did not show any significant correlation withDysfunctional Eating. None of the hypothesized mediators(Metacognitions, Meta-Emotions and Core Beliefs) mediated therelationship between Parental Bonding dimensions and patterns ofDysfunctional Eating, yet some interesting relationships emerged. The findings of this research can help in understanding the culturaldifferences between East and West. Possible reasons why results could notsupport the previous literature are discussed.  

Psychological Risk Factors for the Development of Restrictive and Bulimic Eating Behaviors: A Polish and Vietnamese Comparison

The aim of this paper is to identify psychological factors which are culture specific or common predictors for restrictive and bulimic behaviors towards eating for young women raised in different cultures. The study included 661 young women from Poland (n = 233) and Vietnam (n = 428). Subjects filled-in the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS), and body measurements were collected to calculate anthropometric indices. Women form Vietnam were less satisfied with their appearance than were their Polish peers, but Vietnamese showed a lower level of preoccupation with being overweight and fear of obesity. Intercultural differences indicate that Vietnamese women show greater intensities for psychological variables, connected with restrictive and bulimic eating behaviors, verified in the research model: low self-esteem, personal alienation, interpersonal insecurity, interpersonal alienation, emotional dysregulation, interoceptive deficits, perfectionism and asceticism, and anxiety.

An Exploration of the Relationship Between Disordered Eating, Exercise Dependence, and Athletic Injury

Athletes can be at elevated risk for developing eating disorders, the effects of which can be devastating. Few researchers have examined the influence of a predisposition toward an eating disorder on athletic injury. Exercise dependence might bridge the gap toward understanding this relationship. This study sought to examine the relationship between predisposition toward an eating disorder and exercise dependence and looked at both as predictors of athletic injury. College students (n = 132) completed the Eating Disorders Inventory and the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire, as well as provided demographic, activity, and injury information. Subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory and Exercise Dependence Questionnaire were significant predictors of having at least one athletic injury in the preceding year. These findings suggest that both predisposition toward an eating disorder and exercise dependence may be contributing factors to injury.

La Insatisfacción de la Imagen Corporal y Estado Nutricional en Estudiantes Universitarios

Introducción: La imposición del modelo estético en las sociedades actuales, excesivamente delgado en las mujeres y musculoso para los hombres, lleva a que la representación corporal se vea muy influida por estos estándares externos, generando insatisfacción. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y el estado nutricional objetivo, el autopercibido y el grado de concordancia entre estos, en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transaccional de tipo cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo-correlacional. La muestra fue de 120 estudiantes universitarios con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 28 años. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), la sub-escala “Insatisfacción corporal” del Eating Disorders Inventory en su versión 2 (EDI-2), y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas t de Student, ANOVA, Correlación producto momento de Pearson y Chi Cuadrado. Resultados: El 17,5% de la muestra sobreestimó su estado nutricional. De estos, un 90,5% fueron mujeres. El IMC se asoció directa y significativamente con la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal (r=0,45; p<0,001). La sobrestimación del estado nutricional se asocia significativamente a preocupación por el peso (p<0,05) e insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (p=0,001). Conclusión: La sobrestimación del estado nutricional es mayor en mujeres. Tal sobreestimación del estado nutricional se asocia a una mayor preocupación por el peso, mayor insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y una menor evaluación positiva de la apariencia.

Body Dissatisfaction, Restrictive, and Bulimic Behaviours among Young Women: A Polish–Japanese Comparison

The growing number of women, who are characterized by restrictive and bulimic behaviours towards their own body is observed especially in countries influenced by Westernalization. However, there is a lack of cross-cultural studies in this area. The main aim of the present study was to examine the psychological and socio-cultural risk factors for eating disorders in Polish and Japanese women. A cross-sectional research study was conducted among 18- to 29-year old Polish (n = 89) and Japanese (n = 97) women. The variables were measured using the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale SATAQ-3, and the Eating Disorders Inventory EDI-3. The descriptive and comparative statistics, Spearman’s rho, and the stepwise regression analysis were used. The global internalization of socio-cultural standards of body image proved to be a significant predictor of Body Dissatisfaction among Polish and Japanese women. The main analysis showed a significant relation between the Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Deficits in the group of Japanese women, as well as a correlation between Drive for Thinness and Asceticism in the group of Polish women. The obtained results could improve the prevention aimed the dysfunctional eating behaviours. However, the cultural nuances need to be considered in understanding the risk factors for eating disorders.

Plasma Peptide Concentrations and Peptide-Reactive Immunoglobulins in Patients with Eating Disorders at Inclusion in the French EDILS Cohort (Eating Disorders Inventory and Longitudinal Survey)

Eating disorders (EDs) are increasingly frequent. Their pathophysiology involves disturbance of peptide signaling and the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This study analyzed peptides and corresponding immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in groups of ED. In 120 patients with restrictive (R), bulimic (B), and compulsive (C) ED, the plasma concentrations of leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and insulin were analyzed by Milliplex and those of acyl ghrelin (AG), des-acyl ghrelin (DAG), and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) by ELISA kits. Immunoglobulin G (in response to an antigen) concentrations were analyzed by ELISA, and their affinity for the respective peptide was measured by surface plasmon resonance. The concentrations of leptin, insulin, GLP-1, and PYY were higher in C patients than in R patients. On the contrary, α-MSH, DAG, and AG concentrations were higher in R than in C patients. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), differences among peptide concentrations were no longer different. No difference in the concentrations of the IgG was found, but the IgG concentrations were correlated with each other. Although differences of peptide concentrations exist among ED subtypes, they may be due to differences in BMI. Changes in the concentration and/or affinity of several anti-peptide IgG may contribute to the physiopathology of ED or may be related to fat mass.

Σωματική δυσαρέσκεια παιδιών με υπερβάλλον βάρος

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να διερευνήσει τη σύνδεση της σωματικής δυσαρέσκειας παιδιών ηλικίας 13–16 χρονών με υπερβάλλον σωματικό βάρος, με τη σωματική δυσαρέσκεια, την παρακίνηση για απώλεια σωματικού βάρους, τις διατροφικές συνήθειες, την αυτοεκτίμηση και το βαθμό συμμόρφωσης στη μεσογειακή διατροφή των γονέων τους. Eπίσης, διερευνήθηκε κατά πόσο το φύλο του γονέα αποτελεί παράγοντα που μπορεί να διαφοροποιήσει ή όχι αυτή τη σχέση αλλά και τις διαφορές που μπορεί να υπάρχουν μεταξύ αγοριών, κοριτσιών, μητέρων και πατέρων στη σωματική δυσαρέσκεια, την παρακίνηση για απώλεια σωματικού βάρους και τις διατροφικές στάσεις. Τέλος, διερευνήθηκαν οι πιθανές διαφορές μεταξύ ασκούμενων και μη ασκούμενων παιδιών στη σωματική δυσαρέσκεια. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 953 έφηβοι 13-16 χρονών και των δύο φύλων και οι γονείς τους (953 μητέρες και 953 πατέρες). Για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο δημογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών, οι υποκλίμακες σωματική δυσαρέσκεια και παρακίνηση για απώλεια σωματικού βάρους από τον Κατάλογο διατροφικών διαταραχών (Garner, 1991) (Eating Disorders Inventory-2 ), η κλίμακα διατροφικών στάσεων (Garner, 1982) (EAT-26 ), η κλίμακα αξιολόγησης της αυτοεκτίμησης Rosenberg (Rosenberg’s Self-EsteemScale, 1965), ο δείκτης Μεσογειακής διατροφής (Panagiotakos et al., 2006) και ο βαθμός συμμόρφωσης στη μεσογειακή διατροφή με βάση τον δείκτη KIDMED για παιδιά (Serra-Majem, Ribas, Ngo, Ortega, Garcia, Perez & Aranceta, 2004). Για την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων εφαρμόστηκε ανάλυση πολλαπλής παλινδρόμησης, ανάλυση μονής διακύμανσης, ανάλυση συσχέτισης (Pearson) και η δοκιμασία t-test για ανεξάρτητα δείγματα. Από τα αποτελέσματα διαπιστώθηκε ότι οι κυριότεροι προβλεπτικοί παράγοντες για τη σωματική δυσαρέσκεια των κοριτσιών ήταν η σωματική δυσαρέσκεια, οι διατροφικές στάσεις, ο βαθμός συμμόρφωσης με τη μεσογειακή διατροφή και η παρακίνηση για απώλεια σωματικού βάρους των μητέρων. Σε σχέση με τον πατέρα οι ήταν η σωματική δυσαρέσκεια και η παρακίνηση για απώλεια σωματικού βάρους. Για τα αγόρια τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν πως η σωματική δυσαρέσκεια και οι διατροφικές στάσεις των μητέρων και η παρακίνηση για την απώλεια σωματικού βάρους, η σωματική δυσαρέσκεια και η αυτοεκτίμηση του πατέρα αποτελούσαν τους κύριους προβλεπτικούς παράγοντες. Επιπλέον φάνηκε, πως οι τέσσερεις ομάδες (κορίτσια, αγόρια, μητέρες και πατέρες) εμφάνισαν σημαντικές διαφορές στη σωματική δυσαρέσκεια, την παρακίνηση για απώλεια σωματικού βάρους και τις διατροφικές στάσεις. Τα αποτελέσματα δεν έδειξαν σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ ασκούμενων και μη ασκούμενων κοριτσιών, ενώ αντίθετα διαπιστώθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ ασκούμενων και μη ασκούμενων αγοριών ως προς τη σωματική δυσαρέσκεια. Συμπερασματικά φάνηκε πως η οικογένεια μπορεί να αποτελέσει ισχυρό παράγοντα δημιουργίας αξιών, στάσεων και συμπεριφορών. Φάνηκε, επίσης η δυναμική της σχέσης μεταξύ μητέρας και παιδιών, με τη μητέρα να αποτελεί το γονέα που σε μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό προβλέπει τη σωματική δυσαρέσκεια τόσο των αγοριών όσο και τον κοριτσιών.

Diferencias de sexo en la imagen corporal de los adolescentes de Huelva atendiendo a su índice de masa corporal

El objetivo principal de este estudio es comprobar las diferencias en la percepción de la imagen corporal (en adelante IC) de los adolescentes de Huelva atendiendo a su índice de masa corporal (en adelante IMC). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 226 estudiantes, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 18 años (M= 13,94; DT= 1,41). La distribución por sexo fue de 54,9% de chicos (n= 124) y 45,1% de chicas (n= 102). Los instrumentos que se utilizaron para evaluar los diferentes componentes de la IC fueron: 1) Para evaluar el componente perceptual se utilizó el método de estimación corporal global de Gardner, Stark, Jackson y Friedman (1999), adaptado al español por Rodríguez, Beato, Rodríguez y Martínez (2003). 2) Para evaluar el componente subjetivo se utilizó la subescala de insatisfacción corporal del Eating Disorders Inventory de Garner, Polivy y Olmstead (1983), adaptado a la población española por Garner (1998). 3) Para evaluar el componente conductual se utilizó el Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ), de Rosen, Salzberg, Srebnik y Went (1991). A medida que aumenta el IMC aumenta el grado de insatisfacción, la obsesión por la delgadez, la puntuación total del BIAQ y la restricción de comida tanto en chicos como en chicas. Asimismo, a medida que aumenta el IMC desciende la bulimia de los chicos y aumenta la tendencia a pesarse y acicalarse de las chicas. Más de la mitad de chicos y chicas independientemente de la categoría del IMC presentan insatisfacción corporal con el deseo de perder peso.

Aging anxieties and disturbed eating in female students: It’s not all about aging appearance concern

Fear and anxiety about aging have increased amongst female university students and these personal aging concerns are associated with disturbed eating, also prevalent in this group. Evidence suggests concern about aging appearance could account for the link between aging anxiety and problem eating in young women due to their belief in the thin – youth ideal. However, whether appearance concern is the strongest aging anxiety predictor of global and specific disturbed eating behaviors is unclear. The study examines this in a sample of female students at a Midlands university in the United Kingdom (N = 200, 18 – 39 years) who completed the Anxiety about Aging Scale and the Eating Disorders Inventory-3. The findings show general and a model of four aging anxieties predicted significantly greater global disturbed eating with medium and large effects sizes respectively. However, greater anxiety about the psychological challenges and interpersonal losses associated with aging best predicted global and specific disturbed eating behaviors and aging appearance concern was a weaker predictor. Implications for interventions targeting female students eating behavior are considered.