scholarly journals A Qualitative Study of Residual Pesticides on Cotton Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Zameer Ul Hassan ◽  
Jiri Militky ◽  
Jan Krejci
Keyword(s):  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Photosynthetic Inhibition ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Test Alga

Two different methods are utilized for this study. The first method covers the measurement of bioelectrical signals caused by enzymatic inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) for the detection of pesticides. Biosensor toxicity analyzer (BTA) was used for the testing and the monitoring of changes in bioelectrical signals caused by the interaction of biological substances, and residues were evaluated. The second method is based on measurement of the oxygen level caused by photosynthetic inhibition of residual pesticides by the interaction with green algae, Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta). Algae growth analyzer (AGA) equipped with miniature sensitive oxygen electrode, a light source and cover to model light and dark phases was used enabling us to follow the lifecycle of algae producing oxygen. The test, conducted under the guideline of faster analogy of DIN 863 toxicity test, alga growth inhibition test (OECD TG 201) was and ISO standard (ISO: 8692). Two samples of cotton were analyzed. Cryogenic homogenization was carried out for sample pretreatment. Soxhlet extraction method (SOX) and ultrasound assisted extraction (USE) were used for extraction. Both methods show reasonable results and can successfully be utilized for the detection of residual pesticides on different types of cotton and especially to compare the classical conventional and organic cotton.

scholarly journals Determination of Pesticide Residues in Sewage Sludge: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1692-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L Tadeo ◽  
Consuelo Sánchez-Brunete ◽  
Beatriz Albero ◽  
Ana I Garcí-Valcárcel
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phase Dispersion ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Abstract Pesticides are widely applied to protect plants from diseases, weeds, and insect damage, and they usually come into contact with soil where they may undergo a variety of transformations and provide a complex pattern of metabolites. Spreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as a byproduct of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain pesticides and other toxic substances that could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. This article reviews the determination of pesticides in sewage sludge samples. Sample preparation including pretreatment, extraction, and cleanup, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of pesticide residues, are discussed. Extraction techniques such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and matrix solid-phase dispersion and their most recent applications to the determination of pesticides in sewage sludge samples are reviewed. Determination of pesticides, generally carried out by GC and HPLC coupled with different detectors, especially MS for the identification and quantification of residues, is summarized and discussed.

Influence of ultrasonic waves and conventional extraction methods on phenolic compound yield and phytochemical composition from Punica granatum L. peel

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbarasi Karunanithi ◽  
Sivakumar Venkatachalam ◽  
Jeeva Senrayan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Abstract The objective of this work is to extract phenolic compounds from Punica granatum L. peel and to optimize the process variables. In this study, extraction was carried out using soxhlet, solvent and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Soxhlet extraction of phenolic compounds were reported as 87.31 mg GAE/g dW TPC, 70.30 mg RUE/g dW TFC and 98.68 mg CE/g dW TAC. Solvent extraction found 56.99 mg GAE/g dW, 42.93 mg RUE/g dW and 64.13 mg CE/g dW, while for ultrasonic-assisted extraction it was 77.23 mg GAE/g dW, 62.55 mg RUE/g dW and 91.40 mg CE/g dW of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total amount of anthocyanin content, respectively. The presence of phytochemicals was identified using GC-MS and it was found that the extracts contained high amount of trans-13-Octadecenoic acid which is a cancer preventive compound. Scanning electron microscope analysis was used to study the effect of ultrasound on the surface of the sample and understand the morphological changes.

scholarly journals Benefits and Drawbacks of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Marine Algae

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9153
Author(s):  
Anxo Carreira-Casais ◽  
Paz Otero ◽  
Pascual Garcia-Perez ◽  
Paula Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Antia Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

The increase in life expectancy has led to the appearance of chronic diseases and interest in healthy aging, in turn promoting a growing interest in bioactive compounds (BCs) and functional ingredients. There are certain foods or products rich in functional ingredients, and algae are one of them. Algae consumption has been nominal in Europe until now. However, in recent years, it has grown significantly, partly due to globalization and the adoption of new food trends. With the aim of obtaining BCs from foods, multiple methods have been proposed, ranging from conventional ones, such as maceration or Soxhlet extraction, to more innovative methods, e.g., ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). UAE constitutes a novel method, belonging to so-called green chemistry, that enables the extraction of BCs requiring lower amounts of solvent and energy costs, preserving the integrity of such molecules. In recent years, this method has been often used for the extraction of different BCs from a wide range of algae, especially polysaccharides, such as carrageenans and alginate; pigments, including fucoxanthin, chlorophylls, or β-carotene; and phenolic compounds, among others. In this way, the application of UAE to marine algae is an efficient and sustainable strategy to pursue their deep characterization as a new source of BCs, especially suitable for vegetarian and vegan diets.

scholarly journals Optimization of Oleuropein and Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside Extraction from Olive Leaves by Ultrasound-Assisted Technology

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lama-Muñoz ◽  
María del Mar Contreras ◽  
Francisco Espínola ◽  
Manuel Moya ◽  
Inmaculada Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
High Concentrations

The olive orchard cultivation in Mediterranean countries results in huge amounts of lignocellulosic biomass residues. One of the main residues are olive leaves. Olive leaves contain high concentrations of bioactive antioxidant compounds like oleuropein and luteolin-7-glucoside. The production of biactive compounds from olive leaves requires treatments capable of breaking the lignocellulosic structure. Current research focuses on use of inexpensive, quick, and not harmful to the environment treatments, searching a more simplified large-scale operation approach. Recently, advances in applied chemistry have led to possible new emerging industrial techniques like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). This technology is a promising candidate as a green treatment solution for olive leaves utilization in a biorefinery. However, this application goes through prior optimization of technique and operating conditions. The goal of this study was to optimize the extraction of oleuropein and luteolin-7-glucoside from olive leaves through an investigation of the influence of key factors of ultrasound-assisted extraction using an experimental central composite design, in comparison with conventional Soxhlet extraction. The highest extraction efficiency and antioxidant capacity were obtained under optimal increment of temperature and amplitude conditions (40 °C and 30%, respectively). Values for oleuropein, luteolin-7-glucoside were 69.91 g/kg and 1.82 g/kg, respectively.

A comparative study of various oil extraction techniques from plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibrin Mohammed Danlami ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Hanizam Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

AbstractResearchers have shown that techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction developed for extraction of valuable components from plants and seed materials have been successfully used to effectively reduce the major shortcomings of the traditional method such as Soxhlet extraction. These include shorter extraction time, increase in yield of extracted components, decrease in solvent consumption, and improvement of the quality of extracts. This review presents a detailed description of the principles and mechanisms of the various extraction techniques for better understanding and summarizes the potential of these techniques in the extraction of oil from plants and seed materials. Discussions on some of the parameters affecting the extraction efficiency are also highlighted, with special emphasis on supercritical fluid extraction. A comparison of the performance of traditional Soxhlet extraction with that of other extraction techniques is also presented.

scholarly journals Extraction Methods for the Isolation of Isoflavonoids from Plant Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Blicharski ◽  
Anna Oniszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to describe and compare selected traditional and modern extraction methods employed in the isolation of isoflavonoids from plants. Conventional methods such as maceration, percolation, or Soxhlet extraction are still frequently used in phytochemical analysis. Despite their flexibility, traditional extraction techniques have significant drawbacks, including the need for a significant investment of time, energy, and starting material, and a requirement for large amounts of potentially toxic solvents. Moreover, these techniques are difficult to automate, produce considerable amount of waste and pose a risk of degradation of thermolabile compounds. Modern extraction methods, such as: ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and negative pressure cavitation extraction, can be regarded as remedies for the aforementioned problems. This manuscript discusses the use of the most relevant extraction techniques in the process of isolation of isoflavonoids, secondary metabolites that have been found to have a plethora of biological and pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins from Red Rose Petals and New Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Total Monomeric Anthocyanins

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmure Üstün Özgür ◽  
Emrah Çimen
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Rose Petals ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

Abstract In this study, four extraction technologies for the extraction of anthocyanins (Acyns) from red rose petals (RRPs) were investigated and compared, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), reflux extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and marinated extraction. UAE was the most suitable for the extraction of Acyns from RRPs because of its high extraction efficiency and short extraction time. The results showed that the best conditions for UAE are an extraction solution of ethanol–0.1 N HCl (80 + 20, v/v), a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL, a temperature of 30°C, and an extraction time of 15 min performed three times. Using such conditions, 320.4 mg Acyns/100 g RRPs was extracted. UAE was followed by two new difference spectrophotometric (DS) methods, which were developed for the fast and simple determination of Acyns in RRPs. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a linear response was observed for Acyns in the range of 12.5–62.5 μg/mL for the two proposed methods, with correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9988 to 0.9995. The mean recovery values of Acyns for the DS methods were in the range of 99.8–101.5%, and the RSD was 0.5%. The respective LOD and the LOQ values were 1.4 and 4.8 for DS1 and 1.1 and 3.6 μg/mL for DS2. The stability of Acyns was also studied.

scholarly journals Direct ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds from fresh houseleek (Sempervivum marmoreum L.) leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Karabegovic ◽  
Sasa Stojicevic ◽  
Dragan Velickovic ◽  
Nada Nikolic ◽  
Miodrag Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Ultrasound Frequency ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Preliminary Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Power

The effects of ultrasound power and frequency on the yield of total extractive substances (TES), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of fresh houseleek leaves extracts obtained by direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE) were studied. Preliminary extraction of plant material was performed using methanol, acetone and 2-propanol by Soxhlet extraction. It was found that maximum TES yield could be obtained by methanol extraction (2.91?0.02), followed by acetone and 2-propanol with a TES yield of 2.32?0.01 and 2.01?0.03 g per 100 g of fresh plant material, respectively. In the fresh houseleek leaves extracts obtained by DUAE and methanol as the chosen solvent, TPC, TFC and AOA were in the ranges of: 40.5?85.9 mg gallic acid/g dry extract, 12.7?19.3 mg rutin/g dry extract and 24.6?108.2?g/ml, respectively. The results showed that the increase in the ultrasound power and extraction time have positive and significant (p < 0.05) effects on the TPC, TFC and AOA, while the increase in the ultrasound frequency leads to a decrease in the TPC, TFC and AOA of the extracts. A chromatographic analysis of crude extract identified the following: kaempferol 3-O-(6??-O-malonylglucoside)- 7-O-glucosyde, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, luteolin 5-O-(6??-O-malonylglucoside), kaempferol 3-O-(6??-O-acetylglucoside)-7-O-rhamnoside, genkwanin 5-O-glucoside, luteolin 5-O-(6??-O-malonylglucoside), kaempferol 3-O-(6??-O-malonylglucoside), kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin, genkwanin 4?-O-glucoside and hyperoside.

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