Estimation of Optimum Dilution in the GMAW Process Using Integrated ANN-GA

To improve the corrosion resistant properties of carbon steel, usually cladding process is used. It is a process of depositing a thick layer of corrosion resistant material over carbon steel plate. Most of the engineering applications require high strength and corrosion resistant materials for long-term reliability and performance. By cladding these properties can be achieved with minimum cost. The main problem faced on cladding is the selection of optimum combinations of process parameters for achieving quality clad and hence good clad bead geometry. This paper highlights an experimental study to optimize various input process parameters (welding current, welding speed, gun angle, and contact tip to work distance and pinch) to get optimum dilution in stainless steel cladding of low carbon structural steel plates using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Experiments were conducted based on central composite rotatable design with full replication technique, and mathematical models were developed using multiple regression method. The developed models have been checked for adequacy and significance. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques were integrated and labeled as integrated ANN-GA to estimate optimal process parameters in GMAW to get optimum dilution.

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Optimization of GMAW Process Parameters Using Particle Swarm Optimization

ISRN Metallurgy ◽

10.1155/2013/460651 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Sreeraj ◽

T. Kannan ◽

Subhashis Maji

Keyword(s):

Particle Swarm Optimization ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽

Particle Swarm ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Bead Geometry ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Swarm Optimization ◽

Corrosion Resistant

To improve the corrosion-resistant properties of carbon steel cladding process is usually used. It is a process of depositing a thick layer of corrosion resistant material-over carbon steel plate. Most of the engineering applications require high strength and corrosion resistant materials for long-term reliability and performance. By cladding, these properties can be achieved with minimum cost. The main problem faced in cladding is the selection of optimum combinations of process parameters for achieving quality clad and hence good clad bead geometry. This paper highlights an experimental study to optimize various input process parameters (welding current, welding speed, gun angle, contact tip to work distance, and pinch) to get optimum dilution in stainless steel cladding of low-carbon structural steel plates using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Experiments were conducted based on central composite rotatable design with full-replication technique and mathematical models were developed using multiple regression method. The developed models have been checked for adequacy and significance. Using particle swarm optimization (PSO) the parameters were optimized to get minimal dilution.

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Mathematical analysis of effect of process parameters on weld bead geometry of MIG welded low carbon steel plates

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.022 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Vishal Pratap Singh ◽

Kartik Dahiya ◽

Pradeep Khanna

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Mathematical Analysis ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Weld Bead ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Bead Geometry ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Weld Bead Geometry

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Corrosion behaviors of iron, chromium, nickel, low-carbon steel and four types of stainless steels in liquid antimony-tin alloy

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/3820 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Liu ◽

Huayi Yin ◽

Kaifa Du ◽

Bing Yang ◽

Dihua Wang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Liquid Metals ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Corrosion Resistant ◽

Corrosion Behaviors ◽

Iron Chromium

Corrosion-resistant metals and alloys towards liquid metals determine the service performances and lifetime of the devices employing liquid metals. This paper studies the static corrosion behaviors of iron, chromium, nickel, low carbon steel, and four types of stainless steels (SS410, SS430, SS304, SS316L) in liquid Sb-Sn at 500 oC, aiming to screen corrosion-resistant SS for Li||Sb-Sn liquid metal batteries (LMBs). The corrosion rates of Fe and Ni are 0.94 μm h-1 and 6.03 μm h-1 after 160 h’s measurement, respectively. Cr shows a low corrosion rate of < 0.05μm h-1, which is due to the formation of a relatively stable Cr-Sb layer that may be able to prevent the interdiffusion between the solid substrate and liquid Sb-Sn. Ni has a high corrosion rate because the formed Ni-Sb and Ni-Sn compounds are soluble in the liquid Sb-Sn. The corrosion products of both pure metals and SS can be predicted by thermodynamic and phase diagram analysis. Among the four types of SS, SS430 shows the best corrosion resistance towards liquid Sb-Sb with a corrosion rate of 0.19 μm h-1. Therefore, a liquid Sb-Sn resistant material should have a high Cr content and a low Ni content, and this principle is applicable to design metallic materials not only for LMBs but also for other devices employing liquid Sb- and Sn-containing liquid metals.

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Development of High-Strength Bulk Ultrafine-Grained Low Carbon Steel Produced by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A ◽

10.1007/s11661-017-4233-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 5449-5466 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Raj Bahadur Singh ◽

N. K. Mukhopadhyay ◽

G. V. S. Sastry ◽

R. Manna

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

High Strength ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Angular Pressing ◽

Ultrafine Grained

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Laser Welding Dissimilar High-Strength Steel Alloys with Complex Geometries

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8100792 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 792 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Panos Efthymiadis ◽

Khalid Nor

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Laser Welding ◽

Cross Sections ◽

High Carbon Steel ◽

High Strength Steels ◽

High Strength ◽

Low Carbon ◽

High Carbon ◽

Material Chemistry ◽

Metallurgical Defects

Laser welding of dissimilar high-strength steels was performed in this study for two different geometries, flat and circular samples with material thicknesses of 5 and 8 mm. The material combinations were a low carbon to a medium or high carbon steel. Three different welding systems were employed: a Nd:YAG, a CO2 and a fiber laser. The process stability was evaluated for all the experiments. The resulting full penetration welds were inspected for their surface quality at the top and bottom of the specimens. Cross sections were taken to investigate the resulting microstructures and the metallurgical defects of the welds, such as cracks and pores. Significant hardening occurred in the weld region and the highest hardness values occurred in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of the high carbon steel. The occurrence of weld defects depends strongly on the component geometry. The resulting microstructures within the weld were also predicted using neural network-simulated Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagrams and predicted the occurrence of a mixture of microstructures, such as bainite, martensite and pearlite, depending on the material chemistry. The thermal fields were measured with thermocouples and revealed the strong influence of component geometry on the cooling rate which in term defines the microstructures forming in the weld and the occurring hardness.

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An Exceptional Synergy of High Strength, Ductility and Toughness in a Gradient-Structured Low-Carbon Steel

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance ◽

10.1007/s11665-018-3685-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 5788-5793

Author(s):

Yindong Shi ◽

Lina Wang ◽

Yulong Zhang ◽

Hailong Xie ◽

Yajun Zhao

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

High Strength ◽

Low Carbon

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Development of Mathematical Models for Prediction of Weld Bead Geometry of GTAW Stainless Steel

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.88 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 867 ◽

pp. 88-96

Author(s):

S.M. Ravikumar ◽

P. Vijian

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Welding Current ◽

Weld Bead ◽

304 Stainless Steel ◽

Graphical Form ◽

Bead Geometry ◽

Depth Of Penetration ◽

Weld Bead Geometry ◽

Bead Width

Welding input process parameters are playing a very significant role in determining the weld bead quality. The quality of the joint can be defined in terms of properties such as weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Experiments were conducted to develop models, using a three factor, five level factorial design for 304 stainless steel as base plate with ER 308L filler wire of 1.6 mm diameter. The purpose of this study is to develop the mathematical model and compare the observed output values with predicted output values. Welding current, welding speed and nozzle to plate distance were chosen as input parameters, while depth of penetration, weld bead width, reinforcement and dilution as output parameters. The models developed have been checked for their adequacy. Confirmation experiments were also conducted and the results show that the models developed can predict the bead geometries and dilution with reasonable accuracy. The direct and interaction effect of the process parameters on bead geometry are presented in graphical form.

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Welding Process Optimization of WELDOX960 High Strength Steel

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201820704005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 207 ◽

pp. 04005

Author(s):

Min Hu

Keyword(s):

Penetration Depth ◽

Process Optimization ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Welding Speed ◽

High Strength Steel ◽

Welding Process ◽

Welding Current ◽

High Strength ◽

Influence Of Process Parameters ◽

Steel Analysis

This paper studies WELDOX960 high strength steel, analysis of the welding ability of WELDOX960 high strength steel. Analyze the weld ability of WELDOX960 high-strength steel materials, and study the influence of process parameters such as welding current, welding voltage, and welding speed on penetration depth and weld width in the automated welding process. Through this test, the welding process is optimized to ensure the weld quality. The results show that WELDOX960 high-strength steel adopts multi-layer and multi-pass welding to form better welds.

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