Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Cells for Bone Regereneration: State of the Art

Adipose tissue represents a hot topic in regenerative medicine because of the tissue source abundance, the relatively easy retrieval, and the inherent biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells residing in its stroma. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are indeed multipotent somatic stem cells exhibiting growth kinetics and plasticity, proved to induce efficient tissue regeneration in several biomedical applications. A defined consensus for their isolation, classification, and characterization has been very recently achieved. In particular, bone tissue reconstruction and regeneration based on ASCs has emerged as a promising approach to restore structure and function of bone compromised by injury or disease. ASCs have been used in combination with osteoinductive biomaterial and/or osteogenic molecules, in either static or dynamic culture systems, to improve bone regeneration in several animal models. To date, few clinical trials on ASC-based bone reconstruction have been concluded and proved effective. The aim of this review is to dissect the state of the art on ASC use in bone regenerative applications in the attempt to provide a comprehensive coverage of the topics, from the basic laboratory to recent clinical applications.

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Effects of local injection and intravenous injection of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the structure and function of damaged anal sphincter in rats

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.1002/term.3079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 989-1000

Author(s):

Peng Li ◽

Xiaoying Ma ◽

Wenqi Jin ◽

Xiaojia Li ◽

Jie Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Anal Sphincter ◽

Intravenous Injection ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Local Injection ◽

Allogeneic Bone ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

And Function

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Mesenchymal stem cells: biological properties and clinical applications

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy ◽

10.1517/14712598.2010.519333 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1453-1468 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Ignacio García-Gómez ◽

Gema Elvira ◽

Agustín G Zapata ◽

María L Lamana ◽

Manuel Ramírez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Clinical Applications

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Adipose and Other Tissues: Basic Biological Properties and Clinical Applications

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2012/461718 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Hakan Orbay ◽

Morikuni Tobita ◽

Hiroshi Mizuno

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Therapeutic Tool ◽

Adult Tissues ◽

Clinical Benefits ◽

Multiple Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that were initially isolated from bone marrow. However, subsequent research has shown that other adult tissues also contain MSCs. MSCs originate from mesenchyme, which is embryonic tissue derived from the mesoderm. These cells actively proliferate, giving rise to new cells in some tissues, but remain quiescent in others. MSCs are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types including adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, and cardiomyocytes. Isolation and induction of these cells could provide a new therapeutic tool for replacing damaged or lost adult tissues. However, the biological properties and use of stem cells in a clinical setting must be well established before significant clinical benefits are obtained. This paper summarizes data on the biological properties of MSCs and discusses current and potential clinical applications.

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Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue

Physiological Reviews ◽

10.1152/physrev.00019.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 1127-1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 135

Author(s):

Samuel Golpanian ◽

Ariel Wolf ◽

Konstantinos E. Hatzistergos ◽

Joshua M. Hare

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Coronary Vessels ◽

Heart Tissue ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Cell Based Therapy ◽

And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.

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Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.654559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Li ◽

Takehito Ouchi ◽

Yubin Cao ◽

Zhihe Zhao ◽

Yi Men

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Neural Cells ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Injury Repair ◽

Apical Papilla ◽

Mammalian Teeth

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be identified in mammalian teeth. Currently, dental-derived MSCs (DMSCs) has become a collective term for all the MSCs isolated from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, apical papilla, and even gingiva. These DMSCs possess similar multipotent potential as bone marrow-derived MSCs, including differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, epithelial cells, neural cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes. Besides, DMSCs also have powerful immunomodulatory functions, which enable them to orchestrate the surrounding immune microenvironment. These properties enable DMSCs to have a promising approach in injury repair, tissue regeneration, and treatment of various diseases. This review outlines the most recent advances in DMSCs’ functions and applications and enlightens how these advances are paving the path for DMSC-based therapies.

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