Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be identified in mammalian teeth. Currently, dental-derived MSCs (DMSCs) has become a collective term for all the MSCs isolated from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, apical papilla, and even gingiva. These DMSCs possess similar multipotent potential as bone marrow-derived MSCs, including differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, epithelial cells, neural cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes. Besides, DMSCs also have powerful immunomodulatory functions, which enable them to orchestrate the surrounding immune microenvironment. These properties enable DMSCs to have a promising approach in injury repair, tissue regeneration, and treatment of various diseases. This review outlines the most recent advances in DMSCs’ functions and applications and enlightens how these advances are paving the path for DMSC-based therapies.

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Immunomodulatory Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2019/9671206 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Haojiang Li ◽

Shi Shen ◽

Haitao Fu ◽

Zhenyong Wang ◽

Xu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Material Selection ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Chronic Injury ◽

Research Fields

The inflammatory response to chronic injury affects tissue regeneration and has become an important factor influencing the prognosis of patients. In previous stem cell treatments, it was revealed that stem cells not only have the ability for direct differentiation or regeneration in chronic tissue damage but also have a regulatory effect on the immune microenvironment. Stem cells can regulate the immune microenvironment during tissue repair and provide a good “soil” for tissue regeneration. In the current study, the regulation of immune cells by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the local tissue microenvironment and the tissue damage repair mechanisms are revealed. The application of the concepts of “seed” and “soil” has opened up new research avenues for regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering (TE) technology has been used in multiple tissues and organs using its biomimetic and cellular cell abilities, and scaffolds are now seen as an important part of building seed cell microenvironments. The effect of tissue engineering techniques on stem cell immune regulation is related to the shape and structure of the scaffold, the preinflammatory microenvironment constructed by the implanted scaffold, and the material selection of the scaffold. In the application of scaffold, stem cell technology has important applications in cartilage, bone, heart, and liver and other research fields. In this review, we separately explore the mechanism of MSCs in different tissue and organs through immunoregulation for tissue regeneration and MSC combined with 3D scaffolds to promote MSC immunoregulation to repair damaged tissues.

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Implantation of Endothelial Cells with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerates Dental Pulp Tissue Regeneration/Healing in Pulpotomized Rat Molars

Journal of Endodontics ◽

10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 943-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yukiko Sueyama ◽

Tomoatsu Kaneko ◽

Takafumi Ito ◽

Reika Kaneko ◽

Takashi Okiji

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Dental Pulp Tissue ◽

Pulp Tissue Regeneration ◽

Rat Molars

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Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Cells for Bone Regereneration: State of the Art

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/416391 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Marta Barba ◽

Claudia Cicione ◽

Camilla Bernardini ◽

Fabrizio Michetti ◽

Wanda Lattanzi

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Tissue Reconstruction ◽

And Function

Adipose tissue represents a hot topic in regenerative medicine because of the tissue source abundance, the relatively easy retrieval, and the inherent biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells residing in its stroma. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are indeed multipotent somatic stem cells exhibiting growth kinetics and plasticity, proved to induce efficient tissue regeneration in several biomedical applications. A defined consensus for their isolation, classification, and characterization has been very recently achieved. In particular, bone tissue reconstruction and regeneration based on ASCs has emerged as a promising approach to restore structure and function of bone compromised by injury or disease. ASCs have been used in combination with osteoinductive biomaterial and/or osteogenic molecules, in either static or dynamic culture systems, to improve bone regeneration in several animal models. To date, few clinical trials on ASC-based bone reconstruction have been concluded and proved effective. The aim of this review is to dissect the state of the art on ASC use in bone regenerative applications in the attempt to provide a comprehensive coverage of the topics, from the basic laboratory to recent clinical applications.

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Mesenchymal stem cells in periodontics: new perspectives

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720170002000113459 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 254-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruna Rabelo AMORIM ◽

Enilson Antonio SALLUM ◽

Marcio Zaffalon CASATI ◽

Karina Gonzales Silverio RUIZ ◽

Renato Correa Viana CASARIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Current Perspective ◽

Apical Papilla

ABSTRACT Tissue engineering is a contemporary field of science, which aims to create conditions based on principles of cell and molecular biology, bioengineering and biomaterials to regenerate tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells present high proliferation rates and are able to differentiate into multilineages under certain conditions, suggesting that they have great potential to act in regeneration field. Tooth derived stem cells are a suitable alternative source of mesenchymal cells once they are easily accessible and have poor morbidity to the donor. Studies showed that they have been isolated and characterized from diverse tissues such as dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, gingiva, dental follicle and apical papilla. However studies show that there is heterogeneity among these populations and there is no standard method to select the most appropriate tooth derived stem cells for regenerative procedures. The aim of this review is to present the current perspective of the multiple types of tooth-derived stem cells and to discuss the basis for their use in periodontal tissue engineering.

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Lineage Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Pulp, Apical Papilla, and Periodontal Ligament

Methods in Molecular Biology - Odontogenesis ◽

10.1007/978-1-61779-860-3_11 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 111-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Kentaro Akiyama ◽

Chider Chen ◽

Stan Gronthos ◽

Songtao Shi

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Lineage Differentiation ◽

Apical Papilla

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Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Polarization of M2 Macrophages and Accelerate Wound Healing by Secreting CCL2

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1070427/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zi Yang ◽

Linsha Ma ◽

Congling Du ◽

Jinsong Wang ◽

Chunmei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

M2 Macrophages ◽

Cell Sheets ◽

Regeneration Potential ◽

Macrophages Polarization

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in tissue engineering owing to their regenerative potential and immunomodulatory capacity. The crosstalk between MSCs and the host immune function plays a key role in the efficiency of tissue regeneration. However, the difference in immunological modulation and tissue regeneration function between MSCs from different sources remains unclear. Methods Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BMMSCs), periodontal ligament (PDLSCs), adipose (ADSCs), and dental pulp (DPSCs) were obtained and induced to form cell sheets under the condition of 20 ug/ml vitamin C. The MSC cell sheets carried by hydroxyapatite/tricalciumphosphate (HA/TCP) particles were transplanted subcutaneously into C57BL6 mice for 8 weeks. Histological analyses were performed to detect the tissue regeneration potential and macrophages polarization in vivo. Then, THP-1 macrophages were co-cultured with MSCs and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescent staining, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to investigate the function and mechanism of MSCs on macrophages in vitro. Finally, a wound healing model of the palatal mucosa was performed to confirm the effect of MSCs on macrophages and tissue healing efficiency. Results Compared to PDLSCs, BMMSCs, and ADSCs, DPSCs exhibited greater tissue regeneration potential, with greater tissue volume, higher Ki67 expression, and less apoptosis in the regenerated tissue of wild-type C57BL6 mice. In addition, DSPCs triggered more M2 macrophages in the regenerated tissue than other MSCs. Our data showed that DPSCs exhibited higher expression levels of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), and specific blocking of CCL2 by neutralising antibodies can significantly inhibit the DPSCs-induced polarization of M2 macrophages. Finally, DPSCs transplantation promoted wound healing of the palatal mucosa and M2 macrophages polarization in vivo, which could be significantly impaired by CCL2 neutralising antibody. Conclusions Our data indicate that DPSCs exert better tissue regeneration potential and immunoregulatory function by secreting CCL2. These results suggest that CCL2 application can enhance MSC-mediated tissue regeneration or wound healing.

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