scholarly journals Measuring Body Composition in Individuals with Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Faith Casey
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Validity And Reliability

Background. Research shows obesity to be more prevalent amongst individuals with intellectual disability (ID) making correct measurement of body composition crucial. This study reviewed the validity and reliability of methods used for assessing body composition in individuals with ID.Methods. Authors conducted electronic searches through PubMed (1990 to present) and PsycINFO (1990 to present) and assessed relevant articles independently based on scoping review guidelines. Reviewers included primary research related to the validity and reliability of body composition measures on individuals with ID.Results. Searches identified six articles assessing body composition methods used on individuals with ID including body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), waist circumference, tibia length, and anthropometric girth measurements. BMI and waist circumference appear suitable measures but skinfold thickness measurements may not be advisable due to participants' noncompliance resulting in a lack of precision and inaccurate results.Conclusions. The current literature contains too few well-conducted studies to determine the precision and validity of body composition measures on individuals with ID. There may be a need to devise further regression equations that apply to individuals with specific types of ID in order to increase the reliability and validity of body composition measurements.

Direct Comparison of (Anthropometric) Methods for the Assessment of Body Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Petra Golja ◽  
Tatjana Robič Pikel ◽  
Katja Zdešar Kotnik ◽  
Matjaž Fležar ◽  
Samo Selak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Assess Body Composition ◽  
Extensive List

Objective: Several methods for the assessment of body composition exist, yet they yield different results. The present study aimed to assess the extent of these differences on a sample of young, healthy subjects. We hypothesised that differences in body composition results obtained with different methods will vary to the extent that a subject can be misclassified into different nutritional categories. Research Methods and Procedures: Underwater weighing (UWW), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), anthropometry (ANT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used to assess body composition. An extensive list of ANT regression equations (or sets of equations) was analysed in terms of accuracy and precision relative to DXA. Results: When DXA-determined body fat (BF) values were taken as a reference, UWW overestimated BF in both genders. In contrast, BIA (measured with a given bioimpedance analyser) underestimated BF in females, although BIA-determined BF did not differ from DXA in males. A huge difference in BF estimates (8–29% for females and 6–29% for males, for DXA-determined BF of 25.5% and 13.9% for females in males, respectively) was observed across a number of ANT regression equations; yet, ANT proved not to be inferior to DXA, provided that regression equations with the highest combinations of accuracy and precision were chosen. Conclusions: The study proved grounds for comparison of body composition results of young, healthy subjects, obtained with different methods and across a wide range of ANT regression equations. It also revealed a list of the most appropriate ANT regression equations for the selected sample and reported their accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Pre- and Postoperative Body Composition and Metabolic Characteristics in Patients with Acromegaly: A Prospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Guo ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
Xiaodong Shi ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Prospective Study

Objective. To investigate the preoperative body composition, metabolic characteristics, and postoperative changes in patients with active acromegaly and analyze the effects of gender and age. Methods. We included 36 patients with untreated acromegaly and 37 patients with nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. Adipose tissue (AT), the visceral fat index (VFI), sclerotin, protein, skeletal muscle, total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Total energy expenditure (TEE) and basal metabolism (BM) were measured with a cardiopulmonary and metabolic analyzer (CMA). Tricep skinfold thickness (TST), bicep circumference, waistline, hipline, and calf circumference were measured with a skinfold caliper and tape. These indices were measured before surgery and 3 months and 1 year after surgery. Results. Overall, AT, VFI, and TST were lower, whereas sclerotin, protein, skeletal muscle, TBW, ICW, ECW, TEE, and BM were higher in acromegaly patients. Postoperatively, TST rose initially and then decreased, the waistline increased, and sclerotin, skeletal muscle, TEE, and BM decreased. Changes in these indices differed with gender and age in unique patterns. Conclusions. Body composition and metabolism in acromegaly patients changed after surgery, and gender and age influenced these changes.

Comparison of three techniques for body composition analysis in cystic fibrosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Lands ◽  
C. Gordon ◽  
O. Bar-Or ◽  
C. J. Blimkie ◽  
R. M. Hanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Dual Photon Absorptiometry ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Composition Analysis ◽  
And Control

Body composition analysis is an important component of nutritional assessment in cystic fibrosis (CF). No gold standard of measurement exists, and techniques applicable to healthy populations may be unsuitable for CF patients. We assessed lean body mass (LBM) in 12 children with CF by skinfold (SK) measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) and repeated these measures in 10 subjects 6 mo later. SK and DPA measures in eight older CF patients and eight healthy controls were compared to evaluate any effect of disease on estimates of LBM by use of DPA. Good agreement between the measures was seen at baseline and 6 mo by use of concordance plots. However, the limits of agreement between measures ranged up to 19% of SK-derived LBM measures (baseline: SK and DPA, 2.63 to -3.93 kg; SK and BIA, 2.36 to -1.24 kg; BIA and DPA, 1.88 to -4.28 kg; 6 mo: SK and DPA, 2.10 to -3.58 kg; SK and BIA, 6.28 to -5.49 kg; BIA and DPA, 5.53 to -7.79 kg). The change in LBM over 6 mo did not correlate among the three measures. Only BIA change in LBM correlated with weight change (r = 0.716, P < 0.02), probably due to the inclusion of weight in the regression equations for determining LBM from impedance. The relationship between SK and DPA measures did not differ between the CF and control groups, suggesting that there was no effect of disease on the DPA measure. The results suggest that none of these methods is precise enough to follow short-term changes in the nutritional status of CF patients longitudinally.

scholarly journals Come Back Skinfolds, All Is Forgiven: A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Common Body Composition Methods in Applied Sports Practice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Andreas M. Kasper ◽  
Carl Langan-Evans ◽  
James F. Hudson ◽  
Thomas E. Brownlee ◽  
Liam D. Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Routine Practice

Whilst the assessment of body composition is routine practice in sport, there remains considerable debate on the best tools available, with the chosen technique often based upon convenience rather than understanding the method and its limitations. The aim of this manuscript was threefold: (1) provide an overview of the common methodologies used within sport to measure body composition, specifically hydro-densitometry, air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance analysis and spectroscopy, ultra-sound, three-dimensional scanning, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and skinfold thickness; (2) compare the efficacy of what are widely believed to be the most accurate (DXA) and practical (skinfold thickness) assessment tools and (3) provide a framework to help select the most appropriate assessment in applied sports practice including insights from the authors’ experiences working in elite sport. Traditionally, skinfold thickness has been the most popular method of body composition but the use of DXA has increased in recent years, with a wide held belief that it is the criterion standard. When bone mineral content needs to be assessed, and/or when it is necessary to take limb-specific estimations of fat and fat-free mass, then DXA appears to be the preferred method, although it is crucial to be aware of the logistical constraints required to produce reliable data, including controlling food intake, prior exercise and hydration status. However, given the need for simplicity and after considering the evidence across all assessment methods, skinfolds appear to be the least affected by day-to-day variability, leading to the conclusion ‘come back skinfolds, all is forgiven’.

scholarly journals Comparison of body composition methods in overweight and obese Brazilian women

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Bender Braulio ◽  
Valéria Cristina Soares Furtado ◽  
Maria das Graças Silveira ◽  
Maria Helena Fonseca ◽  
José Egídio Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Absolute Agreement

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare skinfold thickness (SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of body composition using three different equations against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in overweight and obese Brazilian women. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Thirty-four women (age 43.8 ± 10.9 years; body mass index [BMI] 32.1 ± 4.3 kg/m²) had percentage body fat (BF%), fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) estimated by DXA, SKF and BIA (BIA-man: manufacturer's equation; and predictive obesity-specific equations of Segal and of Gray). Regression analysis, Bland-Altman plot analysis and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to compare methods. RESULTS: Absolute agreement between DXA and BIA-man was poor for all measures of body composition (BF% -6.8% ± 3.7%, FM -3.1 ± 3.6 kg, FFM 5.7 ± 2.8 kg). BIA-Segal equation showed good absolute agreement with DXA for BF% (1.5% ± 1.5%), FM (1.0 ± 3.2 kg) and FFM (1.5 ± 2.6 kg), albeit the limits of agreement were wide. BIA-Gray equation showed good absolute agreement with DXA for FM (2.3 ± 4.1 kg), and smaller biases for BF% (0.05% ± 4.4%) and FFM (0.2 ± 2.9 kg), although wide limits of agreement. BIA-Gray and DXA showed the highest ICC among the pairs of methods. A good absolute agreement was observed between DXA and SKF for BF% (-2.3% ± 5.8%), FM (0.09 ± 4.7 kg), and FFM (2.4 ± 4.4 kg), although limits of agreement were wider and ICC between DXA and SKF for BF% indicated poor degree of reproducibility. CONCLUSION: These findings show that both BIA-Segal and BIA-Gray equations are suitable for BF%, FM and FFM estimations in overweight and obese women.

scholarly journals Utility of published skinfold thickness equations for prediction of body composition in very young New Zealand children

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Sharin Asadi ◽  
Frank H. Bloomfield ◽  
Tanith Alexander ◽  
Chris J. D. McKinlay ◽  
Elaine C. Rush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography

AbstractMeasurement of body composition is increasingly important in research and clinical settings but is difficult in very young children. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) are well-established but require specialist equipment so are not always feasible. Our aim was to determine if anthropometry and skinfold thickness measurements can be used as a substitute for BIA or ADP for assessing body composition in very young New Zealand children. We used three multi-ethnic cohorts: 217 children at a mean age of 24·2 months with skinfold and BIA measurements; seventy-nine infants at a mean age of 20·9 weeks and seventy-three infants at a mean age of 16·2 weeks, both with skinfold and ADP measurements. We used Bland–Altman plots to compare fat and fat-free mass calculated using all potentially relevant equations with measurements using BIA or ADP. We also calculated the proportion of children in the same tertile for measured fat or fat-free mass and tertiles (i) calculated using each equation, (ii) each absolute skinfold, and (iii) sum of skinfold thicknesses. We found that even for the best equation for each cohort, the 95 % limits of agreement with standard measures were wide (25–200 % of the mean) and the proportion of children whose standard measures fell in the same tertile as the skinfold estimates was ≤69 %. We conclude that none of the available published skinfold thickness equations provides good prediction of body composition in multi-ethnic cohorts of very young New Zealand children with different birth history and growth patterns.

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