Risk Prison and Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Inmates with History of Drug Injection in Isfahan, Iran

Objectives. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a health problem among injection drug users (IDUs) in prison. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of factors of incarceration with HBV infection in prisoners with history of drug injection in Isfahan, Iran.Methods. In a cross-sectional study, all IDUs inmates were enrolled. Sociodemographic characteristics and associated risk factors were obtained. Blood samples were collected and serological markers for HBV were analyzed. For data analysis, odds ratio and logistic regression were used.Results. Of the IDUs inmates, 970 subjects participated in the study. History of imprisonment (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.28–2.57), multiple incarceration (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01–2.02), and total duration of imprisonment (OR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.94–3.74) were significantly associated with prevalence of HBV among IDUs inmates. Multivariate analysis of associated factors showed that only total duration of incarceration is significantly associated with HBV infection.Conclusion. In conclusion, according to our results, multiple and duration of incarcerations will be considered as important risk factors of HBV infection in IDUs inmates. This fact makes it important to set some screening and prevention programs in prisons to decrease the risk of being infected and prevent the transmission of these diseases.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Children in Enugu Metropolis

Virology Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178122x18792859 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1178122X1879285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryann Chinenye Ezeilo ◽

Godwill Azeh Engwa ◽

Romanus Ifeanyi Iroha ◽

Damian Chukwu Odimegwu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Age Group ◽

History Of Surgery ◽

B Virus ◽

History Of

Background: Though measures are being put in place for the management of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria, children remain the most vulnerable to develop chronic hepatitis. Routine screening in children is therefore necessary for effective control. However, the performance of the commonly used immunochromatographic test (ICT) strips has been challenging. Also, identifying the risk factors of transmission in this age group is of importance for the implementation of preventive measures. Hence, the goal of this study was to assess the test performance of the routinely used ICT strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HBV. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 270 children below six years of age was conducted at ESUTH and Favor Child Pediatrics Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The subjects were screened for HBV by ICT and ELISA assays and a structured questionnaire was used to obtain participants data including demographic, socioeconomic, signs and symptoms, risk factors and vaccination. Results: BBased on ELISA, 31 out of 270 children were positive for HBV with an infection rate of 11.5%. ICT kit showed a low sensitivity of 51.6% in diagnosing HBV but was highly specific (100%) and accurate (94.4%). HBV infection was not associated with sex (χ2: 0.209; p = 0.401). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar in all the age group and HBV infection was not associated (χ2: 2.099; p = 0.914) with age group. All the clinical manifestations were not associated ( p > 0.05) with HBV infection. Blood transfusion, shared items, tattoo marks and history of surgery associated significantly ( p < 0.05) with HBV infections having odd ratios of 4.247, 4.224, 3.134 and 3.195 respectively. The vaccination rate was 55.2% (159/270) and only 3 (1.1%) out of 159 vaccinated subjected contracted the infection (OR: 0.068, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: HBV was prevalent (11.5%) in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis. Moreover, the routinely used ICT test was less reliable than ELISA in diagnosis HBV infection. More so, shared items, blood transfusion, tattooing and history of surgery were potential risk factors while vaccination served as a protective factor against the infection.

Download Full-text

Risk factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: An institution based cross sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.11949/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Getnet Gedefaw ◽

Fikadu Waltengus ◽

Almaz Akililu ◽

Kihinetu Gelaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus ◽

History Of

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the magnitude of serum HBsAg and the risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Bahir Dar. An institution based cross sectional study was implemented from February 1 to May 1, 2018 among 338 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was implemented. Blood sample was taken from 338 study participants and serum was tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay.Results The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women were 16(4.7%) (95% CI= 2.7, 7.7). Having a history of blood transfusion (AOR=5.2; 95% CI=1.2-22.3), having a history of multiple sexual partners (AOR=4.6; 95% CI=1.1-19.6) and having a history tonsillectomy (traditional surgical procedure) AOR=3.4; 95% CI=1.1-10.1) were the significant risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection.

Download Full-text

Serological markers and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B Virus infection among Federal Capital Territory Prison inmates, Nigeria: should we be concerned?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16307/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chioma Cindy Dan Nwafor ◽

Ikeola Adeoye ◽

Kehinde Aderemi ◽

Martins Onuoha ◽

Elizabeth Adedire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

General Population ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Prison Inmates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

B Virus

Abstract Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is hyper-endemic in Nigeria. Prisons are high-risk environments for the spread of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections. Prevalence of HBV infection is disproportionately higher among individuals in correctional facilities worldwide when compared to general population. We determined the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HBV infection among Kuje prison inmates, Nigeria.Methods: We conducted a prison facility based cross-sectional study. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to obtain information on participants socio-demographic characteristics, HBV risk factors, previous HBV test and vaccination history. Blood samples collected from participants were analysed for HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg and HBeAb markers using rapid lateral chromatographic immunoassay kit. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were performed.Results: A total of 271 inmates (63 convicts and 208 awaiting trial inmates) were recruited into the study as participants. The mean age of the participants was 32.7 SD±9 years. HBV sero-prevalence of 13.7%(95%CI;9.8-18.3) was found. 55.4%(95%CI;49.2-61.4) of inmates were susceptible to HBV infection, 20.7% (95%CI;16.0-26.0) had past or resolved HBV infection while 10.3%(95%CI; 7.0-14.6) had acquired natural or artificial HBV immunity. Factors found to be associated with HBV infection include age-group ≤25years (aOR=8.0;95%CI:2.9-22.3), being ever married (aOR=4.2;95%CI:1.7-10.4) and history of alcohol consumption (aOR=3.4; 95%CI:1.3-8.4).Conclusion: This study reveals a high seroprevalence of HBV infection among Kuje Prison inmates, hence the need to introduce prison-focused health intervention initiatives such as HBV screening, vaccination and care to reduce the transmission of HBV infection among inmates and ultimately the general population.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology and Estimating the Risk Factors for the Transfer of Hepatitis B Virus Using Multivariate Analysis Model: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

International journal of epidemiologic research ◽

10.15171/ijer.2019.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 70-75

Author(s):

Mansour Bahardoust ◽

Marjan Mokhtare ◽

Arash Sarveazad ◽

Shahdieh Karimi ◽

Atefeh Talebi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

B Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the important public health diseases in Iran. Therefore, to control the prevalence of the disease, knowledge is required regarding the risk factor of HBV. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of HB transmission. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on the possible risk factors of HBV transmission. To this end, a total of 171 patients with HBV infection and 171 controls from Rasoul-eAkram hospital were investigated during 2015-2018. All subjects were directly evaluated using a faceto-face questionnaire about demographic aspects. Finally, HBV infection and its risk factors among the subjects were detected using hepatitis B surface antigen test. Results: Overall, 171 HBV patients including 77 (42%) males and 93 (58%) females were evaluated. The mean age of the participants was 40 ± 13 years. Univariate logistic analysis showed that HBV infection in these cases was associated with addiction injection (odds ratio [OR] = 4.08, CI:1.3- 9.57), family history (OR = 4.52, CI: 1.27-10.7), and having a history of blood transfusion (OR = 3.16, CI: 1.52-5.37). There were no significant relationships between the liver function tests, alcohol consumption, the history of dental visits, and HBV participants. In addition, the logistic-regression model proved that patients with a history of HBV-infected parents (At least one of them) and addiction injection were severely subject to HB infection. In other words, there was a significant association between a history of HBV-infected parents and addiction injection and HB infection. Conclusion: In general, HBV infection was strongly related to having a family member infected with hepatitis B, suffering from addiction injection, and having blood injection.

Download Full-text

Serological markers and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among Federal Capital Territory prison inmates, Nigeria: Should we be concerned?

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248045

Author(s):

Chioma Cindy Dan-Nwafor ◽

Ikeola Adeoye ◽

Kehinde Aderemi ◽

Martins Onuoha ◽

Elizabeth Adedire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

General Population ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Prison Inmates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

B Virus

Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is hyper-endemic in Nigeria. Prisons are high-risk environments for the spread of infectious diseases. Worldwide, seroprevalence of HBV infection is substantially higher among individuals in correctional facilities when compared to general population. We determined the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HBV infection among Kuje prison inmates, Nigeria. Material and methods We conducted a prison facility based cross-sectional study. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to obtain information on participants socio-demographic characteristics, HBV risk factors, previous HBV test and vaccination history. Blood samples collected from participants were analysed for HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg and HBeAb markers using rapid lateral chromatographic immunoassay kit. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were performed. Results A total of 271 inmates (63 convicts and 208 awaiting trial inmates) were recruited into the study as participants. The mean age of the participants was 32.7 SD±9 years. HBV seroprevalence (HBsAg) of 13.7% (95% CI: 9.8–18.3) was found. 55.4% (95% CI: 49.2–61.4) of inmates were susceptible to HBV infection, 20.7% (95%CI; 16.0–26.0) had past HBV infection while 10.3% (95% CI: 7.0–14.6) had acquired natural or artificial HBV immunity. Factors found to be associated with current HBV infection (HBsAg) include age-group ≤25years (aOR = 8.0,95% CI: 2.9–22.3), being ever married (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.7–10.4) and history of alcohol consumption (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.3–8.4). Conclusion This study reveals a high seroprevalence of HBV infection among Kuje Prison inmates, hence the need to introduce prison-focused health intervention initiatives such as HBV screening, vaccination and care to reduce the transmission of HBV infection among inmates and ultimately the general population.

Download Full-text

Risk factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Felegehiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: An institution based cross sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.11949/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Getnet Gedefaw ◽

Fikadu Waltengus ◽

Almaz Akililu ◽

Kihinetu Gelaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus ◽

History Of

Download Full-text

Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05918-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Degu Abate Mengiste ◽

Abebe Tolera Dirbsa ◽

Behailu Hawulte Ayele ◽

Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Waste ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

B Virus ◽

History Of

Abstract Background The risk of hepatitis B virus infection among medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions is higher due to frequent exposure to contaminated blood and other body fluids. There is limited evidence on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among medical waste handlers in eastern Ethiopia. The study was aimed at studying the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated risk factors among medical waste collectors at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected medical waste collectors from public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B infection risk factors. A2.5ml venous blood was also collected, centrifuged and the serum was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using the instant hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Descriptive summary measures were done. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the risk of association. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with 95% CI and all value at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant. Results From a total of 260 (97.38%) medical waste collectors participated, HBV was detected in 53 (20.4%) of the participants [95%CI; 15.8, 25.6]. No significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HBV with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. In both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.35; 95%CI = [2.53–15.96], P = 0.001), history of blood transfusion (receiving) (AOR; 3.54; 95%CI; [1.02–12.24], P = 0.046), history of tattooing (AOR = 2.86; 95%CI = [1.12–7.27], p = 0.03), and history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 10.28; 95%CI = [4.16–25.38], P = 0.001) remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion This cross-sectional study identified that HBV infection is high among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia. Immunization and on job health promotion and disease prevention measures should be considered in order to control the risk of HBV infection among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia.

Download Full-text

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The Open Virology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874357901812010026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Arnolfo Petruzziello

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Liver Cancers ◽

B Virus

Introduction:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent primary malignant tumors and accounts for about 90% of all primary liver cancers. Its distribution varies greatly according to geographic location and it is more common in middle and low- income countries than in developed ones especially in Eastern Asia and Sub Saharan Africa (70% of all new HCCs worldwide), with incidence rates of over 20 per 100,000 individuals.Explanation:The most important risk factors for HCC are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, excessive consumption of alcohol and exposition to aflatoxin B1. Its geographic variability and heterogeneity have been widely associated with the different distribution of HBV and HCV infections worldwide.Chronic HBV infection is one of the leading risk factors for HCC globally accounting for at least 50% cases of primary liver tumors worldwide. Generally, while HBV is the main causative agent in the high incidence HCC areas, HCV is the major etiological factor in low incidence HCC areas, like Western Europe and North America.Conclusion:HBV-induced HCC is a complex, stepwise process that includes integration of HBV DNA into host DNA at multiple or single sites. On the contrary, the cancerogenesis mechanism of HCV is not completely known and it still remains controversial as to whether HCV itself plays a direct role in the development of tumorigenic progression.

Download Full-text

Hepatitis B: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/43.8.1500 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

pp. 1500-1506 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Norman Gitlin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Chronic Infection ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

B Virus ◽

The Us ◽

Prevention And Treatment

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs worldwide and is an important cause of acute and chronic viral hepatitis in the US. In this review, I describe the virus, risk factors for infection, clinical features of infection, results of laboratory tests during infection, and standard and emerging treatment for chronic infection. Although 95% of adult patients recover completely from HBV infection, 90% of children ≤4 years of age develop chronic infection. Active vaccination is highly efficacious.

Download Full-text

Physician testing for HIV in patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine monotherapy for hepatitis B virus

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh17045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jillian S. Y. Lau ◽

Dilip Ratnam ◽

Ian Woolley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physician Practices ◽

B Virus ◽

Transcription Inhibitor

Previously we found that local patients were often not tested for HIV prior to commencing nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitor (NRTI) therapy for hepatitis B virus. We performed a national cross-sectional cohort study of physician practices via an online survey. A small majority (23/44; 52%) of participants reported always testing their hepatitis B virus patients for HIV prior to NRTI therapy, and 8/44 (18%) reported testing for HIV the majority of the time. Thirteen (30%) respondents reported testing only if risk factors were present. One physician reported a patient seroconverting to HIV while on TDF monotherapy.

Download Full-text