scholarly journals Biodiesel Production Using Supercritical Methanol with Carbon Dioxide and Acetic Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Yi Wei ◽  
Tzou-Chi Huang ◽  
Ho-Hsien Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Optimal Reaction Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Transesterification of oils and lipids in supercritical methanol is commonly carried out in the absence of a catalyst. In this work, supercritical methanol, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid were used to produce biodiesel from soybean oil. Supercritical carbon dioxide was added to reduce the reaction temperature and increase the fats dissolved in the reaction medium. Acetic acid was added to reduce the glycerol byproduct and increase the hydrolysis of fatty acids. The Taguchi method was used to identify optimal conditions in the biodiesel production process. With an optimal reaction temperature of 280°C, a methanol-to-oil ratio of 60, and an acetic acid-to-oil ratio of 3, a 97.83% yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was observed after 90 min at a reaction pressure of 20 MPa. While the common approach to biodiesel production results in a glycerol byproduct of about 10% of the yield, the practices reported in this research can reduce the glycerol byproduct by 30.2% and thereby meet international standards requiring a FAME content of >96%.

scholarly journals Alternative Route for Biodiesel Synthesis with Co-Production of Glycerol Carbonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Zul Ilham ◽  
Shiro Saka
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Abstract As an alternative route from the conventional alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production, the supercritical dimethyl carbonate method had been proven to successfully produce biodiesel with the co-production of glycerol carbonate in a one-step and two-step non-catalytic methods. Biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained were high in yield, comparable with supercritical methanol method and satisfy the international standards for use as biodiesel in engines. In this paper, key parameters for the processes such as reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil, the FAME yield, thermal decomposition, degree of denaturation, tocopherol content, oxidation stability and fuel properties were discussed. The optimized condition for supercritical dimethyl carbonate method is at 300°C/20MPa/20min/42:1 molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil with a satisfactory yield of FAME at 97.4wt%. The extensive approach in this study is very important to complement mathematical model for optimization in the literatures, and to ensure that only high-quality biodiesel could be produced by supercritical dimethyl carbonate method under an optimized condition.

scholarly journals Study of Soybean Oil Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase and Its Application to Biodiesel Production via Hydroesterification

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa d'Avila Cavalcanti-Oliveira ◽  
Priscila Rufino da Silva ◽  
Alessandra Peçanha Ramos ◽  
Donato Alexandre Gomes Aranda ◽  
Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus Lipase ◽  
Niobic Acid

The process of biodiesel production by the hydroesterification route that is proposed here involves a first step consisting of triacylglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL 100L) to generate free fatty acids (FFAs). This step is followed by esterification of the FFAs with alcohol, catalyzed by niobic acid in pellets or without a catalyst. The best result for the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis was obtained under reaction conditions of 50% (v/v) soybean oil and 2.3% (v/v) lipase (25 U/mL of reaction medium) in distilled water and at 60∘C; an 89% conversion rate to FFAs was obtained after 48 hours of reaction. For the esterification reaction, the best result was with an FFA/methanol molar ratio of 1:3, niobic acid catalyst at a concentration of 20% (w/w FFA), and 200∘C, which yielded 92% conversion of FFAs to soy methyl esters after 1 hour of reaction. This study is exceptional because both the hydrolysis and the esterification use a simple reaction medium with high substrate concentrations.

Use of supercritical methanol/carbon dioxide mixtures for biodiesel production

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 2342-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Belén García-Jarana ◽  
Jezabel Sánchez-Oneto ◽  
Juan Ramón Portela ◽  
Lourdes Casas ◽  
Casimiro Mantell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Supercritical Methanol

scholarly journals New process for catalyst-free biodiesel production using subcritical acetic acid and supercritical methanol

Fuel ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1442-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Saka ◽  
Yohei Isayama ◽  
Zul Ilham ◽  
Xin Jiayu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Catalyst Free ◽  
New Process

scholarly journals Potential Applications of Native Cyanobacterium Isolate (Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003) for Biodiesel Production and Utilization of Its Byproduct in Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Zaki ◽  
Mohamed Ashour ◽  
Ahmed M. M. Heneash ◽  
Mohamed M. Mabrouk ◽  
Ahmed E. Alprol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis

To achieve strong, successful and commercial aqua-biotechnological microalgae applications, screening, isolation, molecular identification, and physiological characterizations are needed. In the current study, a native cyanobacteria strain Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003 was isolated from the surface water of El-Khadra Lake, a saline-alkaline lake located in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. The cyanobacterium was phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA molecular marker and deposited in the GenBank database (accession number MW396472). The late exponential phase of A. platensis NIOF17/003 was reached at the 8th day of growth using Zarrouk medium, with a recorded dry weight (DW) of 0.845 g L−1. The isolated strain showed 52% of protein, 14% of carbohydrate, biomass productivity of 143.83 mg L−1 day−1, 8.5% of lipid, and lipid productivity of 14.37 mg L−1 day−1. In general, the values of cetane number, iodine value, cold filter plugging point (52.9, 85.5 g I2/100 g oil, and −2.2 °C, respectively) of the isolated fatty acid methyl esters are in accordance with those suggested by international standards. Besides, applying algal-free lipid (FL) as biodiesel byproduct in the production of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) revealed that a 0.6 g L−1 FL significantly increased the rotifer population females carrying eggs, confirming that FL can be used efficiently for B. plicatilis production. The current study concluded that the new isolate A. platensis NIOF17/003 is a promising strain for double sustainable use in biodiesel production and aquaculture feed.

Synthesis of surfactants based on pentaerythritol. II. Anionic gemini surfactants

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tran ◽  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
D. Gerrard Marangoni ◽  
T. Bruce Grindley
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Surfactant Properties ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Cyclic Sulfates ◽  
Excess Base ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ethylene Sulfate

Efficient syntheses of three series of anionic gemini surfactants based on pentaerythritol are described. A series of disulfates was prepared by the double displacement of the two cyclic sulfates in the S4-symmetric compound pentaerythritol spirobicyclic sulfate (1) with linear alkoxides. A second series of disulfates was prepared by reaction of the dialkoxides of di-O-alkylpentaerythritols with ethylene sulfate. The di-O-alkylpentaerythritols can be prepared as previously reported by us or by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the first series of disulfates. A series of disulfonates was prepared by reaction of the dialkoxides of di-O-alkylpentaerythritols with 1,3-propanesultone. This last set of reactions was complicated by the formation of oxetanes, which probably arose from initial reversible displacement on sulfur of the sultone alkoxide by the pentaerythritol alkoxide followed by a second intramolecular displacement of the resulting sulfonate. Changing the order of addition to keep the reaction medium from containing excess base as well as lowering the reaction temperature minimized the amounts of these byproducts. All three series had excellent surfactant properties.

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Microalgae Through Nanocatalytic Transesterification Process.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Mittal ◽  
Uttam Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Production of biodiesel from microalgae is gaining popularity since it does not compromise food security or the global economy. This article reports biodiesel production with Spirulina microalgae through nanocatalytic transesterification process. The nanocatalyst calcium methoxide Ca(OCH3)2 was synthesized using wet impregnation method and utilized to carry out the transesterification process. The nanocatalyst was characterized to evaluate its structural and spectral characteristics using different characterization techniques such as Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunaeur-Emmett-Teller(BET) measurement for surface area. The result demonstrates that calcium methoxide Ca(OCH3)2 possesses a high catalytic activity compared to a heterogeneous catalyst such as calcium oxide (CaO). The impact of several process parameters such as reaction temperature, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, and reaction time used in the transesterification process was optimized by employing central composite design(CCD) based response surface methodology(RSM). The polynomial regression equation of second order was obtained for methyl esters. The model projected a 99% fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield for optimal process parameters of reaction time 3hrs,3 wt.% of Ca(OCH3)2 catalyst loading, 80°C reaction temperature, and 30:1 methanol to oil molar ratio.

scholarly journals Prospecting for Oleaginous and Robust Chlorella spp. for Coal-Fired Flue-Gas-Mediated Biodiesel Production

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohwa Kim ◽  
Ramasamy Praveenkumar ◽  
Eunji Choi ◽  
Kyubock Lee ◽  
Sang Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
G Cell ◽  
Mixotrophic Conditions

Prospecting for robust and high-productivity strains is a strategically important step in the microalgal biodiesel process. In this study, 30 local strains of Chlorella were evaluated in photobioreactors for biodiesel production using coal-fired flue-gas. Three strains (M082, M134, and KR-1) were sequentially selected based on cell growth, lipid content, and fatty acid composition under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Under autotrophic conditions, M082 and M134 showed comparable lipid contents (ca. 230 mg FAME [fatty acid methyl esters derived from microalgal lipids]/g cell) and productivities (ca. 40 mg FAME/L·d) versus a reference strain (KR-1) outdoors with actual flue-gas (CO2, 13%). Interestingly, under mixotrophic conditions, M082 demonstrated, along with maximal lipid content (397 mg FAME/g cell), good tolerance to high temperature (40 °C). Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl esters met important international standards under all of the tested culture conditions. Thus, it was concluded that M082 can be a feedstock of choice for coal-fired, flue-gas-mediated biodiesel production.

Biodiesel production using supercritical methanol/carbon dioxide mixtures in a continuous reactor

Fuel ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2280-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maçaira ◽  
Aline Santana ◽  
Francesc Recasens ◽  
M. Angeles Larrayoz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Supercritical Methanol

Decomposition Characteristics of Wood Using Supercritical Methanol for Biodiesel Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
Sea Cheon Oh ◽  
Y. Kim ◽  
Soo Ryong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Wood Decomposition ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Products Analysis ◽  
Reaction Orders

In this work, the decomposition characteristics of wood using supercritical methanol have been studied. The kinetic analysis was carried out for three heating rates of 5.2, 11.6 and 16.3 oC/min. And the liquid products analysis has been performed for reaction temperatures of 300-320 oC and reaction times of 0-120 min, respectively. The activation energies of wood decomposition in supercritical methanol were 45.2-48.8 kJ/mol, depending on the heating rates. And the reaction orders were 0.25 for all heating rates. And the liquid product has been analyzed by GC-MS. From this work, the yields of liquid product increased as increasing of reaction temperature and reaction time. And it was also found that the components of liquid products were mainly acetic acid, latic acid, pentanol and phenol.

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