scholarly journals Prior Lung Inflammation Impacts on Body Distribution of Gold Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salik Hussain ◽  
Jeroen A. J. Vanoirbeek ◽  
Steven Haenen ◽  
Vincent Haufroid ◽  
Sonja Boland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Pulmonary Exposure ◽  
Body Distribution ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Individual Health Status ◽  
Oropharyngeal Aspiration ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. Gold- (Au-) based nanomaterials have shown promising potential in nanomedicine. The individual health status is an important determinant of the response to injury/exposure. It is, therefore, critical to evaluate exposure to Au-nanomaterials with varied preexisting health status.Objective. The goal of this research was to determine the extent of extrapulmonary translocation from healthy and inflamed lungs after pulmonary exposure to AuNPs. Male BALB/c mice received a single dose of0.8 mg·kg−1AuNPs (40 nm) by oropharyngeal aspiration 24 hours after priming with LPS (0.4 mg·kg−1) through the same route. Metal contents were analyzed in different organs by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results. Oropharyngeal aspiration resulted in high metal concentrations in lungs (P<0.001); however, these were much lower after pretreatment with LPS (P<0.05). Significantly higher concentrations of Au were detected in heart and thymus of healthy animals, whereas higher concentrations of Au NPs were observed in spleen in LPS-primed animals.Conclusions. The distribution of AuNPs from lungs to secondary target organs depends upon the health status, indicating that targeting of distinct secondary organs in nanomedicine needs to be considered carefully under health and inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals Rock varnish on petroglyphs from the Hima region, southwestern Saudi Arabia: Chemical composition, growth rates, and tentative ages

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1377-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea S Macholdt ◽  
Klaus Peter Jochum ◽  
Abdullah Al-Amri ◽  
Meinrat O Andreae
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Ablation ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Rock Varnish ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Individual

We investigated rock varnish formed on sandstone and petroglyphs in the Hima area, southwestern Saudi Arabia. To characterize the rock varnish, we made in-situ measurements by portable x-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and analyzed samples by femtosecond laser-ablation inductively coupled–plasma mass spectrometry (fs LA-ICP-MS). Detailed chemical analysis of the rock varnish samples and adjacent soil or aeolian dust yielded information about the varnish’s geochemical context and formation mechanism. Untypically low positive Ce anomalies in the rock varnish samples correlated with negative Ce anomalies in the dust, supporting the hypothesis that the dust is the source of the varnish material. To study the varnish development, we made use of the fact that engraving the petroglyphs exposes a fresh bare sandstone surface without varnish, on which varnish regrows subsequently. We determined by pXRF the areal density of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) that had been deposited as rock varnish since the creation of the rock art. The rates of Mn deposition in the newly formed varnish were then estimated by correlating the areal density of Mn in Ancient Arabian and Old Arabic inscriptions with their known age ranges. The observed deposition rates showed substantial variability resulting from differences in exposure conditions of the rock surface, but were in a range comparable with that of our previous measurements in northwestern Arabia. This variability could be reduced significantly by referencing the measurements to the intact varnish adjacent to the individual petroglyphs. This normalization provided a much clearer relationship between varnish deposition and age, and enabled tentative ages to be assigned to rock art motifs without previously known ages. These tentative ages spanned most of the Holocene period and were consistent with the culturally or ecologically derived ages of the animal and human figures depicted in the rock art and the styles of scripts used in different periods.

scholarly journals Geochemical characterisation of Otumba obsidian sub-sources (Central Mexico) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise statistical analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denisse Argote-Espino ◽  
Jesús Solé ◽  
Pedro López-García ◽  
Osvaldo Sterpone
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Several obsidian sources that were significant to the lithic industry all over Mesoamerica are contained in the Central Mexico highlands. Many archaeological investigations have suggested that the economical and political expansion of important Mesoamerican cultures was related to the control of obsidian sources and its commercial routes. One of these sources was Otumba, located west of the Teotihuacan Valley. This region has several sub-sources, some of which have been studied in more detail than others. The most studied subsource is the one located on Soltepec Hill, but other related sub-sources within Otumba region that have not been studied include the Ixtete, Pacheco, Malpais and Tepayo domes. We have analysed samples from these four sub-sources with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method to determine their chemical similarities and differences and classify them. The individual correlation of different archaeological artifacts with each sub-source could tell us about exploitation preferences of the diverse cultures controlling the source or even sequence in time of its utilisation.

Metal-Organic Frameworks vs. Buffers: Case Study of UiO-66 Stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bůžek ◽  
Slavomír Adamec ◽  
Kamil Lang ◽  
Jan Demel
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metal Organic

<div><p>UiO-66 is a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that has numerous applications. Our group recently determined that UiO-66 is not as inert in aqueous dispersions as previously reported in the literature. The present work therefore assessed the behaviour of UiO-66 in buffers: 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES), N-ethylmorpholine (NEM) and phosphate buffer (PB), all of which are commonly used in many UiO-66 applications. High pressure liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to monitor degradation of the MOF. In each buffer, the terephthalate linker was released to some extent, with a more pronounced leaching effect in the saline forms of these buffers. The HEPES buffer was found to be the most benign, whereas NEM and PB should be avoided at any concentration as they were shown to rapidly degrade the UiO-66 framework. Low concentration TRIS buffers are also recommended, although these offer minimal buffer capacity to adjust pH. Regardless of the buffer used, rapid terephthalate release was observed, indicating that the UiO-66 was attacked immediately after mixing with the buffer. In addition, the dissolution of zirconium, observed in some cases, intensified the UiO-66 decomposition process. These results demonstrate that sensitive analytical techniques have to be used to monitor the release of MOF components so as to quantify the stabilities of these materials in liquid environments.</p></div>

Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Investigating Nonlinear Response Observed in Pulse Counting Mode and Extending the Linear Dynamic Range by Compensating for Dead Time Related Count Losses on a Microsecond Timescale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Strenge ◽  
Carsten Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

<p>The article demonstrates the importance of using a suitable approach to compensate for dead time relate count losses (a certain measurement artefact) whenever short, but potentially strong transient signals are to be analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Findings strongly support the theory that inadequate time resolution, and therefore insufficient compensation for these count losses, is one of the main reasons for size underestimation observed when analysing inorganic nanoparticles using ICP-MS, a topic still controversially discussed.</p>

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