scholarly journals Epimedium Flavonoids Counteract the Side Effects of Glucocorticoids on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Huang ◽  
Jijun Li ◽  
Songbai Zheng ◽  
Junzhen Wu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland Weight

Our previous studies demonstrated that the epimedium herb, when simultaneously used with GCs, counteracted suppressive effects of GCs on the HPA axis without adverse influence on the therapeutic action of GCs. Here, total flavones were extracted from the epimedium flavonoids (EFs) and then used to investigate whether EFs provide protective effects on the HPA axis. We found that GCs induced a significant decrease in body weight gain, adrenal gland weight gain, and plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone levels. After treatment with EFs, body weight gain, adrenal gland weight gain, and plasma corticosterone level were significantly restored, whilst plasma ACTH level was partially elevated. EFs were also shown to promote cell proliferation in the outer layer of adrenal cortex and to enhance the migration of newly divided cells toward the inner layer. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) was measured, and EFs significantly upregulated IGF-II expression. Our results indicated that EFs counteract the suppression of the HPA axis induced by GCs. This may involve both the ACTH and IGF-II pathways and thereby promote regeneration of the adrenal cortex suggesting a potential clinical application of EFs against the suppressive effects of GCs on the HPA axis.

THE GROWTH OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF LABORATORY AND FIELD VOLES, AND CHANGES IN IT DURING PREGNANCY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Chitty ◽  
J. R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland Weight ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Female Laboratory

In laboratory-bred voles of either sex which weigh more than 22 g, adrenal gland weight remains constant as body weight increases. Females have larger adrenals than males, this difference becoming accentuated after animals have become sexually mature. Adrenals of pregnant voles are larger than those of nulliparous animals, but do not increase in weight with increase in body weight. However, adrenals of field males and pregnant field females increase in weight with increase in body weight.Difference in weight between adrenals of male and female laboratory voles could be due to a reduction in size of the X zone of the adrenal cortex in males, brought about by androgens. But since, in the field, adrenal weight increases with body weight, it is supposed that further factors (e.g. effects of social interactions) are influencing the adrenal cortex of field animals.The increase in size of the adrenals of voles in their first pregnancy is associated with an increase in the size of the X zone. This enlargement itself increases as pregnancy proceeds and could be caused by a rising level of L.H. and (or) a decreasing titer of androgens.

Effect of in Vivo Treatment with Delta9-THC on Mice Adrenal Gland

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
E. Moura ◽  
C. Esteves-Pinto ◽  
M.P. Serrão ◽  
I. Azevedo ◽  
M. Vieira-Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland Weight ◽  
Reduce Activity ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction:The efficacy of antidepressants has been linked in part to their ability to reduce activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; however, the mechanism by which antidepressants regulate the HPA axis is largely unknown. Recent research has demonstrated that endocannabinoids can regulate the HPA axis and exhibit antidepressant potential.Aim:The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) on the adrenal gland of mice.Methods:Delta9-THC (10 mg/kg, 1 THC:1 chremophor:18 saline) or vehicle (CT, 1 chremophor:18 saline) was administered i.p. for 10 days to C57Bl6 mice aged 15 weeks. At the end of the study rats were placed in metabolic cages. Noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (AD) levels in samples and tissues were evaluated by HPLC-ED. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by Student's t test. Results are presented as mean±SEM.Results:Treatment with delta9-THC did not produce changes in mice weight (CT: 25±1; delta9-THC: 24±1 g, n=5-6) but produced a significant reduction in adrenal gland weight (CT: 1.4±0.2; delta9-THC: 0.6±0.1* mg, n=5-6, *P˂0.01). However, treatment with delta9-THC did not produce significant changes in NA and AD adrenal content (NA: 7.5±2.1, 5.3±0.6; AD: 14.1±1.1, 11.1±2.1 nmol, CT and delta9-THC respectively, n=5-6) or in NA and AD urine levels (NA: 0.88±0.06, 1.18±0.17; AD: 0.64±0.07, 0.81±0.09 nmol/24h, CT and delta9-THC respectively, n=5-6).Conclusion:Chronic treatment with delta9-THC reduces adrenal gland weight in mice. These results suggest that endocannabinoids may act directly at the adrenal gland to regulate the HPA axis.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Evaluation Parameters in Broiler Chickens Infected With Major Parasitic Species of Eimeria 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Flores ◽  
Binh Nguyen ◽  
Paula Leona Cammayo ◽  
Cherry Fernandez-Colorado ◽  
Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Lesion ◽  
Parasitic Species

Abstract Background: Avian coccidiosis is a major disease within the poultry industry caused by species of Eimeria, an intestinal protozoan parasite. Body weight gain, intestinal lesion score, and fecal oocyst shedding are parameters that have been used to assess the protective effects of various treatments in Eimeria-infected chickens. The objective of this study was to compare the aforementioned parameters in broiler chickens infected with major parasitic species of Eimeria, such as E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. Results: The results of the body weight gain, intestinal lesion score, and fecal oocyst shedding showed similar patterns between female and male broilers infected with Eimeria species. However, there was a difference in body weight gain between normal females and males, and also between Eimeria-infected females and males. When broilers were infected with 1×104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species, each Eimeria species induced distinct changes in body weight gain, lesion score, and fecal oocyst shedding. In addition, a lesion score of approximately 3 was more closely related to body weight gain than a lesion score of approximately 2. Conclusion: These results suggest that certain levels of lesion severity are more closely related to body weight gain.

ADRENALECTOMY AND PITUITARY LH IN THE OOPHORECTOMIZED SUCKLED RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-501
Author(s):  
E. Landers ◽  
W. C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland Weight

ABSTRACT Oophorectomy of suckled rats caused a significant increase in pituitary LH content (214 μg/mg vs 156 μg/mg fresh anterior pituitary). Oophorectomized non-suckled rats were even higher (267 μg/mg). Adrenalectomy of oophorectomized suckled rats resulted in a highly significant decrease in pituitary LH (71 μg/mg) while treatment with flumethasone (0.125 mg/day) resulted in pituitary LH levels of 177 μg/mg. Except for a significant decrease in body weight and adrenal gland weight in flumethasone treated rats, no other significant treatment effects were noted. These results confirm the interaction of adrenal and pituitary-gonadal function in the post-partum rat.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

Eisenia bicyclis Inhibits Body Weight Gain and Fat Accumulation Induced by High-Fat Diets in Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Hee Choi ◽  
Ji-Yun Ahn ◽  
Sun-A Kim ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Tae-Youl Ha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Eisenia Bicyclis ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets
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