scholarly journals Effect of Seed Size and Pretreatment Methods on Germination of Albizia lebbeck

ISRN Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Chikumbutso Maya ◽  
Dackious Kapira ◽  
Hannah Banda ◽  
Gift Kamanga-Thole
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Multipurpose Tree Species ◽  
And Control

Albizia lebbeck is a multipurpose tree species prioritised for conservation in Malawi. The different plant parts are used in traditional medicine to treat different diseases. However, the seeds are dormant, and the tree species remain undomesticated. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed size and presowing on the germination of Albizia lebbeck in a nursery. Seeds were grouped into four categories in regard to their length, small (≤0.5 cm), medium ( cm), large (≥0.8 cm), and mixture of small, medium, and large seeds. The seeds were subjected to five main seed pretreatment methods, namely, soaking in sulphuric acid for 2 minutes, nicking, soaking in hot water for 5 minutes, soaking in cold water for 24 hours, and control where seeds were sown without any treatment. The results indicate that combination of nicking and large seeds produced the highest (100%) germination. Hot water treatment was effective in large seeds producing 67.5% germination. The increased germination for mechanically scarified seeds through nicking suggests that seed dormancy in Albizia lebbeck is mainly due to its hard seed coat. Therefore, it is recommended to farmers to adopt use of nicking and large seeds, since it is safe and effective.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Size and Different Pretreatment Methods on Germination of Albizia zygia (DC.) J. F. Macbr

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-818
Author(s):  
O.A. Iroko ◽  
S.O. Rufal ◽  
W.T. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
International Market ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

Albizia zygia produces valuable timber which has received some level of prominence in the international market. However, the seeds are dormant, and the tree species remain undomesticated. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed size and presowing on the germination of Albizia zygia in a nursery. Seeds were grouped into four categories in regard to their length, small (≤0.5 cm), medium (> 0.5 < 0.8 cm), large (≥0.8 cm), and mixture of small, medium, and large seeds. The seeds were subjected to five main seed pretreatment methods, namely, soaking in sulphuric acid (H2SO4) for 2 minutes, mechanical scarification, soaking in hot water for 5 minutes, soaking in cold water for 24 hours, and control where seeds were sown without any treatment. The results indicate that combination of mechanical scarification and large seeds produced the highest (100%) germination. Hot water treatment was effective in large seeds producing 69.0% germination. The increased germination for mechanically scarified seeds suggests that seed dormancy in Albizia zygia is mainly due to its hard seed coat. Therefore, it is recommended to farmers to adopt use of mechanical scarification and large seeds, since it is safe and effective.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-sowing treatments and growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-863
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
A. K. Handa ◽  
Inder Dev ◽  
Asha Ram ◽  
A. R. Uthappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

The seeds of Albizia lebbeck have been observed to exhibit physical dormancy due to presence of hard seed-coat. To overcome this problem, the seeds were subjected to seven pre-sowing treatments viz., T1-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h; T2-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h; T3-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequent cooling at room temperature for 12 h; T4-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequent cooling at room temperature for 24 h; T5-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h followed by immersion in hot water (100 °C) and allowed to cool for 1 h; T6-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h followed by immersion in hot water (100 °C) and allowed to cool for 1 h. Untreated seeds served as control (T0). Treatment T3 gave highest germination (96%) which was comparable with T5 (95 %), T4 (94 %) and T6 (93%). Nine growing media viz., T1: soil,  T2: soil+sand (2:1), T3: soil+perlite (2:1), T4: soil+Farm Yard Manure (FYM) (2:1), T5: soil+vermicompost (2:1), T6: soil+sand+FYM (1:1:1), T7: soil+sand+vermicompost (1:1:1), T8: soil+perlite+FYM (1:1:1) and T9: soil+perlite+ vermicompost (1:1:1) were, also, studied for their effect on seedling growth of A. lebbeck. Among these media, maximum values of shoot length (23.82 cm), root length (21.14 cm), collar diameter (3.59 mm) and seedling quality index (0.350) were observed in T7.

Fourteen Threatened Native Trees of Bangladesh: Which Pretreatment Generates Maximum Germination Percent?

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
G.N. Hasnat ◽  
M. Hossain ◽  
M. Bhuiyan ◽  
M. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Native Trees ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Castanopsis Indica

Effect of different pre-sowing treatments on germination of fourteen threatened native tree species of Bangladesh was studied to find out the appropriate pre-sowing treatments to speed up germination rate of the required and desired species. Hard coated fruits and seeds of Canarium resiniferum, Castanopsis indica, Protium serratum, Quercus acuminata and Vitex peduncularis were treated with sand paper, nicking, cold water, hot water, H2SO4 and HCl. Seeds of Brownlowia elata, Dichopsis polyantha, Firmiana colorata, Lophopetalum fimbriatum, Pterospermum acerifolium, Pterospermum semisagittatum, Pterygota alata and Sterculia villosa were sown in polybags, propagator house and nursery bed in normal, flat and in 450 angle position. Hard fruits of Castanopsis indica sown in polybags without any treatment showed 25% germination but increased to 67% when fruits were treated with sand paper rubbing at the distal end. Seeds of Lophopetalum fimbriatum germinated only 26% when sown normally in polybags but when sown in propagator house it increased to 90%. Different species response differently with pre-sowing treatments but in general pre-sowing treatments increases the germination percent in all the species.

Nosocomial Legionellosis Traced to a Contaminated Ice Machine

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (09) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Graman ◽  
Gail A. Quinlan ◽  
June A. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Mouth Care ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective: To investigate a case of nosocomial legionellosis, identify pathways of transmission, and effect control of the environmental source. Design: Case investigation and environmental culture surveillance. Setting: A 720-bed university teaching hospital. Case Patient: A ventilator-dependent 66-year-old male developed nosocomial pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 after 3 months in an intensive-care unit (ICU). The patient had no intake of potable water except for ice chips from an ice machine in the ICU. Results: Cultures revealed L pneumophila serogroup 6 in the ice (4.3 colony-forming units/mL) and ice machine cold water (too numerous to count). Cultures from adjacent hot and cold taps, plus taps located near the patient, all were negative; ice machines and cold water on seven other patient units also were negative. Only sterile water had been used for tube feedings, mouth care, suctioning, and ventilator humidification. Hospital hot water previously had been colonized with L pneumophila serogroup 6, but all surveillance water cultures had been negative since chlorination of the hot-water system began the previous year; cold-water cultures had never before grown Legionella. The ice machine was disinfected with a 2-hour flush of 2.625% sodium hypochlorite. The supply line to the ice machine was replaced, and the cold-water pipe from the floor below was treated with 83 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 48 hours. All follow-up surveillance cultures of the ice machine remained negative through mid-1996. No additional cases of nosocomial legionellosis occurred. Conclusions: Ice machines may be reservoirs of L pneumophila in hospitals. Both ice and water dispensed from these machines may be contaminated, and nosocomial transmission may occur. Successful long-term decontamination and control can be accomplished with shock chlorination.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Pretreatments to the Seed on Seedling Emergence and Growth ofAcacia polyacantha

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Alfred Chioza ◽  
Chikondi Kulapani
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Acacia Polyacantha

Acacia polyacanthaWilld. is a multipurpose tree species prioritised as one of the agroforestry tree species in Malawi. However, its use in agroforestry practices is limited by the low seedling growth and survival at the nursery stage. A study was conducted to evaluate the seedling growth and survival ofAcacia polyacanthaas affected by different pretreatments on the seeds at Malawi College of Forestry and Wildlife nursery, Malawi. Seeds were subjected to five presowing seed treatments methods, namely, immersion in cold water at room temperature for 24 hours, immersion in hot water (100°C) for 5 minutes, immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid (0.3 M H2SO4) for 20 minutes, scarification by mechanically nicking using secateurs, and a control where seeds were sown without any treatment. The results indicate that presowing seed treatments have positive influence on the seedling growth and survival percentage. Nicked seeds exhibited the highest significant (P<0.001) performance for vegetative characteristics of height, root collar diameter, number of leaves, and survival percentage compared to other pretreatments. Therefore, it is suggested to use nicking as a pretreatment method onAcacia polyacanthaseeds in order to enhance the speed and the amount of early seedling growth at the nursery stage.

scholarly journals Presence of Legionella spp. in Hot Water Networks of Different Italian Residential Buildings: A Three-Year Survey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Totaro ◽  
Paola Valentini ◽  
Anna Laura Costa ◽  
Lorenzo Frendo ◽  
Alessia Cappello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Water Networks ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Solar Thermal System ◽  
And Control

Although the European reports highlight an increase in community-acquired Legionnaires&rsquo; disease cases, the risk of Legionella spp. in private houses is underestimated. In Pisa (Italy) we performed a three-year survey on Legionella presence in 121 buildings with an independent hot water production (IB); 64 buildings with a central hot water production (CB); and 35 buildings with a solar thermal system for hot water production (TB). From all the 220 buildings Legionella spp. was researched in two hot water samples collected either at the recirculation point or at on the first floor and on the last floor, while the potable water quality was analyzed in three cold water samples collected at the inlet from the aqueduct network, at the exit from the autoclave, and at the most remove remote? tap. Legionella pneumophila sg1, Legionella pneumophila sg2-16 and not-pneumophila Legionella species were detected in 26% of the hot water networks, mostly in CB and TB. In these buildings we detected correlations between the presence of Legionella and the total chlorine concentration decrease or/and the increase of the temperature. Cold water resulted free from microbiological hazards, with the exception of Serratia liquefaciens and Enterobacter cloacae isolated at the exit from two different autoclaves. We observed an increase in total microbial counts at 22 and 37&deg;C between the samples collected at the most remote taps compared to the ones collected at the inlet from the aqueduct. The study highlights a condition of potential risk for susceptible categories of population and supports the need for measures of risk assessment and control.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perlakuan Pencelupan Dan Perendaman Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L.)

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthen Marthen ◽  
Elizabet Kaya ◽  
Herman Rehatta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Two Factors

In developing productive forests, seeds play a crucial role. The seeds of forests tree have physical condition of hard seed coat, especially Leguminoceae family. Silvicultural techniques that can overcome seed coat dormancy are dyeing and submersion of seeds. The knowledge and experience in breaking seed dormancy of Sengon (Paracerianthes falcataria L.) is rare, therefore it is necessary to study how to overcome seed dormancy. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dyeing and submersion treatments to overcome seed dormancy of Sengon seed to improve its viability. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: namely Seed (Factor A), dipped in hot water at 60 º C for (A0 = Control, A1 = 2 minutes, A2 = 4 minutes, A3 = 6 minutes), Factor B, seeds soaked in cold water: (B0 = control, B1 = 6 hours of soaking, B2 = 12 hours, B3 = 18 hours, B4 = 24 hours). The parameters observed were germination percentage, germination rate and vigor index. The results showed that among all parameters observed the interaction of factors A1B2, A2B2 and A3B2 were the best treatment for germination percentage which was equal to 100 percent, the best germination rate of 3.897 days and the best vigor index of 27.02

scholarly journals A field study of the survival ofLegionella pneumophilain a hospital hot–water system

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Farrell ◽  
J. E. Barker ◽  
E. P. Miles ◽  
J. G. P. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Undetectable Level ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYThe colonization, survival and control ofLegionella pneumophilain a hospital hot–water system was examined. The organism was consistently isolated from calorifier drain–water samples at temperatures of 50°C or below, despite previous chlorination of the system. When the temperature of one of two linked calorifiers was raised to 60°C, by closing off the cold–water feed, the legionella count decreased from c. 104c.f.u./l to an undetectable level. However, 10 min after turning on the cold–water feed which produced a fall in calorifier temperature, the count in the calorifier drain water returned to its original level. Investigations revealed that the cold–water supply was continually feeding the calorifiers withL. pneumophila. Simple modifications in the design of the system were made so that the cold–water feed no longer exceeds 20°C; these measures have considerably reduced the number ofL. pneumophilareaching the calorifiers.

scholarly journals Pre-germinative treatments applied to Chionanthus pubescens and C. virginicus seeds for sexual propagation

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario José Añazco Romero ◽  
Brayan Steven Haro Mediavilla ◽  
María Isabel Vizcaíno Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Chionanthus pubescens Kunth and C. virginicus seeds present double dormancy, what represents a problem for their sexual reproduction, given that it prevents them from reaching adequate germination rates. This research aimed to apply pre-germinative treatments to overcome the double dormancy in C. pubescens and C. virginicus seeds, as well as to improve both the germination speed and the amount of obtained seedlings. A completely randomized design was applied, with four treatments for each species (soaking seeds in cold water, soaking seeds in hot water, mechanical scarification and control) and three replications. For C. pubescens, the pre-germinative treatment with the best results was mechanical scarification, with a 39.22 % germinative capacity; while, for C. virginicus, the best treatment was soaking seeds in hot water (49.00 %).

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