Pre-germinative treatments applied to Chionanthus pubescens and C. virginicus seeds for sexual propagation

ABSTRACT Chionanthus pubescens Kunth and C. virginicus seeds present double dormancy, what represents a problem for their sexual reproduction, given that it prevents them from reaching adequate germination rates. This research aimed to apply pre-germinative treatments to overcome the double dormancy in C. pubescens and C. virginicus seeds, as well as to improve both the germination speed and the amount of obtained seedlings. A completely randomized design was applied, with four treatments for each species (soaking seeds in cold water, soaking seeds in hot water, mechanical scarification and control) and three replications. For C. pubescens, the pre-germinative treatment with the best results was mechanical scarification, with a 39.22 % germinative capacity; while, for C. virginicus, the best treatment was soaking seeds in hot water (49.00 %).

DORMANCY OVERCOMING IN Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth SEEDS

Revista Ciência Agrícola ◽

10.28998/rca.v17i2.5180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Claudio Brito Coêlho ◽

Fernanda Vanilly de Lira Paulo ◽

Bruno Leal Viana

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Hot Water ◽

Wood Structures ◽

Germination Time ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Family ◽

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽

Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth is a tree species of the family Fabaceae. The species is well adapted to dry and poor lands, being indicated for reforesting activities, being widely used on wood structures for civil construction, and also as a species with high medicinal potential. This study aimed to evaluate methods for overcoming dormancy of B. virgilioides seeds through different types of scarification and water submersion. To do so, four treatments and control were used: T1 - seeds with no treatment, T2 – mechanical scarification with # 120 sandpaper; T3 – chemical scarification with concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) for 10 minutes; T4 – submersion in hot water (80°C) for 5 minutes; T5 – submersion in water at room temperature (approximately 30°C) for 48h. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the analyzed variables were: germination percentage (%G), average germination speed (VMG) and average germination time (TMG). Data was analyzed using the “GerminaQuant” software and results compared using Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Germination percentage was higher for treatments 3 and 4, with the decreasing sequence: T3 – 82%, T4 – 64%, T2 – 9%, T1 – 4% and T5 – 2%. Regarding average germination time, only T2 and T1 were statistically different from each other, T2 had the shortest time (10.33) and T1 the longest time (30.33). For VMG, T2 and T3 presented the best results, being statistically different from the other treatments, with 0.093 and 0.085 as respective results of T2 and T3. It could be concluded that treatments with immersion in sulfuric acid for 10 minutes (T3) and immersion in water at temperature of 80°C for five minutes (T4) are more efficient for improving germination percentage of B.virgilioides seeds, being the recommended methods for overcoming seed dormancy.

Métodos para a Superação de Dormência da Tarumarana

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽

10.17921/1415-5141.2020v24n2p135-140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140

Author(s):

Cristiane Ramos Vieira ◽

Joás Dos Santos Soares ◽

Bruno Conceição de Veiga ◽

Maicon Marinho Vieira Araujo ◽

Rayza Samara de Assis Carneiro

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Hot Water ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Forest Species ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Breaking Dormancy ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Completely Randomized Design

A tarumarana (Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler) é uma espécie florestal com potencial para a recomposição florestal no bioma Cerrado. No entanto, a formação das mudas dessa espécie, via semente, fica comprometida, por esta apresentar dormência tegumentar. Com base nessa problemática, desenvolveu-se um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a escarificação ácida e a imersão em água, como métodos para a superação da dormência de pirênios de tarumarana. Os tratamentos testados foram: T0 – sem tratamento para superação da dormência; T1 – imersão em água quente por uma hora; T2 – imersão em água quente por uma hora e meia; T3 – imersão em água quente por duas horas; T4 – imersão em ácido sulfúrico por uma hora; T5 – imersão em ácido sulfúrico por uma hora e meia. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 20 pirênios de tarumarana por repetição. Ao final de 30 dias, a contar do começo das emergências, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), porcentagem de germinação (G) e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento da parte aérea (H) e diâmetro de coleto (DC). O método mais eficiente para a superação da dormência dos pirênios de tarumarana foi a imersão em água quente por uma hora e meia, que garantiu a maior taxa de germinação. No entanto, a imersão em água quente, como método para superação da dormência de pirênios de tarumarana, não influenciou de forma significativa no crescimento inicial em altura e em diâmetro das mudas obtidas. Palavras-chave: Buchenavia Tomentosa. Ácido Sulfúrico. Água Quente. Quebra de Dormência. Semente Florestal. Abstract Tarumarana (Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler) is a forest species with potential for restoration in the Cerrado biome. However, the formation of seedlings of this species, via seed, is compromised, because it presents integumentary dormancy. Based on this problem, an experiment was developed with the objective of evaluating acid scarification and immersion in water, as methods for overcoming dormancy in tarumarana pyrenes. The tested treatments were: T0 - without treatment to overcome dormancy; T1 - immersion in hot water for one hour; T2 - immersion in hot water for one hour and a half; T3 - immersion in hot water for two hours; T4 - immersion in sulfuric acid for one hour; T5 - immersion in sulfuric acid for one hour and a half. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design, with 20 pyrenes of tarumarana per repetition. At the end of 30 days, counting from the beginning of emergencies, the following variables were evaluated: germination speed index (IVG), average germination time (TMG), germination percentage (G), the germination speed index (IVG), shoot length (H) and diameter (DC). The most efficient method for overcoming dormancy in tarumarana pyrenes was immersion in hot water for one hour and a half, which guaranteed the highest germination percentage. However, immersion in hot water, as a method to overcome dormancy of tarumarana pyrenes, did not influence, significantly, the initial growth in height and diameter of the seedlings obtained. Keywords: Buchenavia tomentosa. Sulfuric Acid. Hot Water. Breaking Dormancy. Forest Seed.

Influence of Pre-sowing Treatments on the Germination of Prosopis africana (Guill. and Perr.) Taub. Seeds

Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.9734/ajraf/2020/v5i430091 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Onyekachi Chukwu ◽

Anselm E. Egwunatum ◽

Maryprecious A. Udekwe ◽

Jacinta U. Ezenwenyi

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Hot Water ◽

Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽

River Bank ◽

Anambra State ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Prosopis Africana ◽

Range Test ◽

Bank Sand

Aims: The application of pre-sowing treatment has greatly improved the germination of seeds of tree species used in afforestation programmes all over the world. This study aimed to determine the effect of different pre-sowing treatments on the germination of Prosopis africana seeds. Study Design: The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out from 11th November to 30th December 2019atthe Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Faculty of Agriculture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Methodology: Ten seeds each were soaked in ten treatments: tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid (H2SO4) for 10, 20 and 30 minutes; hot water for 6, 12 and 24 hours; and cold water for 3, 5 and 7 days. Ten seeds from each of the treatments were sown in a germination box containing sterilized river bank sand and each replicated five (5) times. Percentage germinations for each treatment were arcsine transformed, subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability level. Results: The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in germination. The seeds treated with acid for 30 minutes had the highest mean (51.405) and standard deviation (8.983), seeds soaked in cold water for 3 days and 7 days had no germination. Conclusion: The study concluded that soaking Prosopis africana seeds for 30 minutes in H2SO4 breaks its dormancy, hence, was recommended for improved seed germination.

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v19i1.54786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 155-163

Author(s):

S Sapkota ◽

D Kc ◽

H Giri ◽

M Saud ◽

M Basnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Quality Performance ◽

Plastic Packaging ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Ethephon Treatment ◽

And Control ◽

Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

Effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical and microbiological properties of costeño cheese

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfna.v69n2.59145 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 8007-8014 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José G. Serpa ◽

Tulia I. Pérez ◽

Elvis J. Hernández

Keyword(s):

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Control Sample ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Starter Cultures ◽

Sensorial Analysis ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

Randomized Design ◽

And Control ◽

Microbiological Properties

The effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of costeño cheese was determined. A completely randomized design was conducted, three treatments (T) and three replicates: Treatment 1 (T1): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk without starter cultures, Treatment 2 (T2): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus cremoris (1:1) and Treatment 3 (T3): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris and Streptococcus thermophillus(0.5:0.5:1). Treatments were compared to a control sample that was prepared with raw milk without starter cultures. Concentration of 1.5% (v/v) of culture was used in relation to the amount of used milk in each treatment. Moisture content was higher in all treatments compared to the control and protein and fat content were significantly lower. Acidity was significantly higher in samples from T2 y T3 compared to T1 and control, due to the metabolism of starter cultures. Total coliforms, yeast and mold counts showed a significant reduction due to pasteurization process in all treatments. Regarding sensorial analysis, hedonic test showed a greater preference in cheese manufactured with T2 (P<0.05). There were no significant preferences between T1, T3 and control. Additionally, yield was significantly higher with T1 (22%) and T3 (23%) compared to control.

Response of Lupinus bracteolaris seeds to pre-germinative treatments and experimental conditions

Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental ◽

10.22490/21456453.4278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

Luciana Pinto Paim ◽

Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽

Juliana Carolina Alves Horlle ◽

Claudimar Sidnei Fior ◽

Marília Lazarotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Substrate Temperature ◽

Water Intake ◽

White Light ◽

Green Light ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Germination Time ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Contextualization: Lupinus bracteolaris is a heliophite species that vegetates low lands, open slopes and sandstone hills. Knowledge gap: Despite the high rusticity and potential for covering poor soils, there is still no information to assist in the analysis of its seeds. Purpose: To determine pre-germinative treatments, substrate, temperature, luminosity and water intake in the vigor of Lupinus bracteolaris seeds. Methodology: Fruits were collected from 20 matrix plants, then the seeds were processed and submitted to the following tests: pre-germinative methods (six treatments at 25°C); substrates and temperatures (sand and paper at 20, 25 and 30°C); photoblast test (white light, diffuse-green light and continuous dark under 20°C) and the imbibition curve (control and scarification between sandpaper under 20°C). Evaluations: percentage of germination and formed seedlings, germination speed index, average germination time and seedling formation, using a completely randomized design. Results and conclusions: According to the analyzed variables, the results showed superiority for the pre-germinative treatment between sandpapers for 20 seconds. In addition, the substrate paper germibox and the temperature of 20°C were the most suitable during seed germination. The seeds of Lupinus bracteolaris were classified as neutral-photoblastic and without dormancy.

Integrated management of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees): associating chemical control tools and plant physiology

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Avelino Faleiro ◽

Diego Martins Chiapinotto ◽

Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽

Carlos Eduardo Schaedler ◽

Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Radiation Factor ◽

Factor B ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Factor C ◽

Resource Conditions ◽

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides use in the control of tough lovegrass according to the availability of solar radiation and the presence or absence of flooded. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2x4 and 2x2x5 factorial scheme, where factor A was equivalent to the environment (natural or reduced radiation); factor B to water condition (with a 2 cm flooded or without); and, factor C the herbicides: cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), cyhalofop butyl + glyphosate (315 g ha-1 + 1080 g ha-1) and control (without application) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the herbicides used were cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 g ha-1) and control (without application). Glyphosate efficiently controls plants of tough lovegrass with four tillers (>90%), being superior to cyhalofop, imazethapyr and sethoxydim; independently, of resource conditions. Reduction in the availability of solar radiation generates less shoot dry mass production from the weed, and improves the control only by imazethapyr and cyhalofop. In general, a flooded condition does not affect tough lovegrass control by herbicides.

Effect of different selenium sources and concentrations on glutathione peroxidase activity and cholesterol metabolism of beef cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab321 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Janaina S da Silva ◽

Alessandra F Rosa ◽

Cristina T Moncau ◽

Bárbara Silva Vignato ◽

Silvana Marina P Pugine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Liver Concentration ◽

Total Meat ◽

And Control ◽

Different Sources

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different Se sources and concentrations on glutathione forms and cholesterol metabolism in beef cattle. Sixty-three Nellore bulls (412 ± 19 kg BW; 24 months old) were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2×3 + 1 factorial arrangement (63 pens; one animal/pen) with two Se sources (sodium selenite, ING and Se-yeast, ORG), three concentrations (0.3, 0.9 and 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM), and control treatment (without Se supplementation) fed for 90 days. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 28, 56, and 84. Muscle and liver samples were collected at harvest. Hepatic GSSG (P = 0.004), GSH/GSSG ratio (P = 0.030), and GSH-Px (P = 0.004) were affected by Se source x concentration interaction. Oxidized glutathione was higher in the ORG group vs. ING at concentration 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM, but at 0.3 mg supplemental Se/kg DM the ING group was higher than ORG. The liver GSH-Px activity was higher in the ORG group vs. ING at concentration 0.9 and 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM. The GSH/GSSG ratio was the highest in animals fed 0.3 mg supplemental Se/kg DM of ORG. Selenium liver concentration increased linearly with the supplemental Se concentration in the diet (y = 0.0583 + 0.4254x, R 2 = 0.92, P < 0.0001), regardless of source. Total meat cholesterol was greater (P < 0.001) in CON (control) vs. SUP (supplemented, regardless source) group. The muscle GSH-Px activity was higher (P < 0.001) in SUP vs. CON and increased (P < 0.004) with increasing supplemental Se concentrations. There was an increase on VLDL, glucose, and triglycerides in ORG vs. ING (P ≤ 0.035). In general, serum Se was higher (P < 0.001) in SUP vs. CON and increased with increasing supplemental Se concentration. Lastly, the HMGCR concentration was lower (P = 0.002) in SUP (0.39 ng/mL) vs. CON (0.55 ng/mL). Selenium supplementation with different sources and concentrations has the potential to affect cholesterol metabolism by affecting GSH/GSSG ratio, GSH-Px, and the HMGCR.

Enhancement of clover growth by inoculation of P-solubilizing fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652010000300023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 771-777 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Edson L. Souchie ◽

Rosario Azcón ◽

Jose M. Barea ◽

Eliane M.R. Silva ◽

Orivaldo J. Saggin-Júnior

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Environment Chamber ◽

This study evaluated the synergism between several P-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( Trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of Araxá apatite. Clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. The substrate was fertilized with 3 g L-1 of Araxá apatite. A completely randomized design, in 8×2 factorial scheme (eight P-solubilizing fungi treatments with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)and four replicates were used. The P-solubilizing fungi treatments consisted of five Brazilian P-solubilizing fungi isolates (PSF 7, 9, 20, 21 and 22), two Spanish isolates ( Aspergillus niger and the yeast Yarowia lipolytica) and control (non-inoculated treatment). The greatest clover growth rate was recorded when Aspergillus niger and PSF 21 were co-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Aspergillus niger, PSF 7 and PSF 21 were the most effective isolates on increasing clover growth in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Greater mycorrhizal colonization resulted in greater clover growth rate in most PSF treatments. PSF 7 was the best isolate to improve the establishment of mycorrhizal and rhizobia symbiosis.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, SUBSTRATE AND LUMINOSITY CONDITIONS ON CHIA SEED GERMINATION

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n214rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 411-418

Author(s):

CLAUDIA KELY PIRES DE MATTOS SORANA ◽

CARLOS HENRIQUE QUEIROZ REGO ◽

FERNANDA BRITO CARDOSO ◽

TIAGO ROQUE BENETOLI DA SILVA ◽

ANA CARINA DA SILVA CÂNDIDO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Germination Test ◽

Paper Substrate ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Chia Seed ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of temperature, substrate, and luminosity on chia seeds in order to determine adequate conditions for a germination test. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 5 × 2 factorial scheme (four substrates × five temperatures × two luminosity conditions), with four replications. The following variables were analyzed: first germination count, germination, germination speed index, and mean germination time. Germination was best at 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C for the on-paper, paper roll, and sand substrates. However, in the presence of luminosity and at 25 °C, the on-paper substrate had the highest mean. For all substrates, the lowest germination was achieved at 35 °C, proving that high temperatures reduce chia seed germination. Germination speed index was highest at 25 and 30 °C for on-paper, paper roll, and sand substrates, in both the presence and absence of luminosity. Chia seeds are considered to be neutral photoblasts. Germination tests should be performed with the on-paper substrate, at 25 °C, and with a duration of seven days. The first count should be carried out four days after establishment of the test.