scholarly journals Development and Implementation of Wireless Multigas Concentration Cloud System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Chung Tien ◽  
Robert Lin ◽  
Tsung-Yu Lee ◽  
Ren-Guey Lee ◽  
Shu-Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Indoor Pollutants ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Cloud Server ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Installation Cost

According to the report “Global Health Risks of 2004” issued by WHO (World Health Organization) in Geneva 2009 (WHO, 2012), the mortality rate of the diseases and cause of death which results from the smoke produced by burning solid fuel is ranked tenth, occupying 3.3% of the global amounts, and the DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) is ranked the ninth, occupying 2.7% of the world. Once the pollution occurred in an insufficient ventilation location, the womankind and children will be the most directly affected; therefore, we hoped to focus the measurement environment on indoor surroundings in this paper. This paper proposes a pointing at several kinds of indoor pollutants and integrating multigas sensors, which includes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide total volatile organic compounds, and so forth. Our paper combines gas sensors with WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) nodes; we provide users with optional monitoring subjects for constructing and also adapt ZigBee and Wi-Fi modules to get united with uploading real-time sensor messages. Moreover, for the reason of decreasing installation cost of sensors and setting up easily, this paper builds a cloud data-viewing platform additionally, enabling users to observe air quality through the cloud server everywhere.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: The Complexity of Host’s Effective Immune Response against a Polymorphic Parasitic Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áurea Gabriel ◽  
Ana Valério-Bolas ◽  
Joana Palma-Marques ◽  
Patrícia Mourata-Gonçalves ◽  
Pedro Ruas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Face ◽  
Health Organization

This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive outline of the immune response displayed against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the more common zoonotic infection caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Although of polymorphic clinical presentation, classically CL is characterized by leishmaniotic lesions on the face and extremities of the patients, which can be ulcerative, and even after healing can lead to permanent injuries and disfigurement, affecting significantly their psychological, social, and economic well-being. According a report released by the World Health Organization, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to leishmaniasis are close to 2.4 million, annually there are 1.0–1.5 million new cases of CL, and a numerous population is at risk in the endemic areas. Despite its increasing worldwide incidence, it is one of the so-called neglected tropical diseases. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of the existing knowledge of the host innate and acquired immune response to cutaneous species of Leishmania. The use of animal models and of in vitro studies has improved the understanding of parasite-host interplay and the complexity of immune mechanisms involved. The importance of diagnosis accuracy associated with effective patient management in CL reduction is highlighted. However, the multiple factors involved in CL epizoology associated with the unavailability of vaccines or drugs to prevent infection make difficult to formulate an effective strategy for CL control.

scholarly journals The impact of immigration on tuberculosis and HIV burden between Colombia and Venezuela and across frontier regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Enrique Arenas-Suarez ◽  
Laura I. Cuervo ◽  
Edier F. Avila ◽  
Alejandro Duitama-Leal ◽  
Andrea Clemencia Pineda-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Health Indicators ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: Historically, human migrations have determined the spread of many infectious diseases by promoting the emergence of temporal outbreaks between populations. We aimed to analyze health indicators, expenditure, and disability caused by tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS burden under the Colombian-Venezuelan migration flow focusing on the Northeastern border. A retrospective study was conducted using TB and HIV/AIDS data since 2009. We consolidated a database using official reports from the Colombian Surveillance System, World Health Organization, Indexmundi, the Global Health Observatory, IHME HIV atlas, and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Disability metrics regarding DALYs (disability adjusted life years) and YLDs (years lived with disability), were compared between countries. Mapping was performed on ArcGIS using official migration data of Venezuelan citizens. Our results indicate that TB profiles from Colombia and Venezuela are identical in terms of disease burden, except for an increase in TB incidence in the Colombian-Venezuelan border departments in recent years, concomitantly with the massive Venezuelan immigration since 2005. We identified a four-fold underfunding for the TB program in Venezuela, which might explain the low-testing rates for cases of multidrug-resistant TB (67%) and HIV/AIDS (60%), as well as extended hospital stays (150 days). We found a significant increase in DALYs of HIV/AIDS patients in Venezuela, specifically, 362.35 compared to 265.37 observed in Colombia during 2017. This study suggests that the Venezuelan massive migration and program underfunding might exacerbate the dual burden of TB and HIV in Colombia, especially towards the Colombian‐Venezuelan border.

Global evidence generation

2020 ◽  
pp. 453-464
Author(s):  
Adesola Ogunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Evidence Generation

Disparities in the distribution of neurological and mental health disorders (NMHD) in different regions of the world can provide clues on the putative risk factors while providing basis for intervention strategies. This chapter utilizes the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) data and the disability adjusted life years (DALY) calculations in the different World Health Organization (WHO) regions to adduce reasons for the peculiarities observed. The focus is on the most common NMHD, particularly those for which preventive strategies are likely to result in improved health outcomes for the majority of those affected. In this regard, stroke, epilepsy, and depressive disorders have been given special attention because of their high societal impact and the extensive studies from different regions. Dementia deserves special mention in view of its looming epidemic in low and middle income countries (LMICs), while its burden is lessening in high income countries (HICs) due to appropriate interventions and higher education.

Viral alcoholic and fatty liver diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-268
Author(s):  
Ehud Zigmond ◽  
Daniel Shouval
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, alcohol, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are major risk factors in the development of chronic liver disease (CLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Various estimates have been proposed regarding the global prevalence of HBV and HCV carriers. According to a recent Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators and the World Health Organization (WHO) burden estimates that 257 and 71 million people are living in the world with HBV and HCV infection, respectively, leading to an annual death from cirrhosis/liver failure and HCC of ~900,000 and ~400,000, respectively. Alcohol consumption, which is a major risk factor for CLD and HCC, is responsible for about 3.3 million deaths annually worldwide and for 5.1% of the global burden of disease as measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In recent years NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated with the metabolic syndrome, have captured the attention of hepatologists, public health experts, and the pharma industry alike. Indeed, the incidence of NAFLD and NASH and its complications including cirrhosis and HCC, is rising to epidemic proportions in the Western population, and constitute a major health problem worldwide.

scholarly journals Influence of the Covid-19 Crisis on Global PM2.5 Concentration and Related Health Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Karkour ◽  
Norihiro Itsubo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Important Change ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The decrease in human activities following the COVID-19 pandemic caused an important change in PM2.5 concentration, especially in the most polluted areas in the world: China (44.28 and 18.88 µg/m3 in the first quarters of 2019 and 2020, respectively), India (49.84 and 31.12, respectively), and Nigeria (75.30 and 34.31, respectively). In this study, satellite observations from all around the world of PM2.5 concentration were collected on the grid scale with a high resolution of 0.125° (about 15km). Population data for 2020 were also collected on the same scale. Statistical data from the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the diseases caused by air pollution (e.g., stroke) were obtained for each country to determine the change in mortality between the first quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020. Expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALY), it was found that the largest reductions were observed for China (−13.9 million DALY), India (−6.3 million DALY), and Nigeria (−2.3 million DALY).

scholarly journals Burden of disease in Nariño, Colombia, 2010

2014 ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Rocha-Buelvas ◽  
Elizabeth Trujillo-Montalvo ◽  
Carlos Alberto Hidalgo-Patiño ◽  
Ángela Hidalgo-Eraso
Keyword(s):  
Health Plan ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: This study sought to measure burden of disease and identifies health priorities from the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) indicator. Methods: This is the first study on burden of disease for a department in Colombia by using a standardized methodology. By using the DALYs indicator, burden of disease was identified in the department of Nariño according to the guidelines established by the World Health Organization. Results: The DALYs in the Department of Nariño highlight the emergence of communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional diseases during the first years of life; of accidents and lesions among youth, and non-communicable diseases in older individuals. Also, accidents and lesions are highlighted in men and non-communicable diseases in women. Conclusions: This study is part of the knowledge management process in the Departmental Health Plan for Nariño - Colombia 2012-2015 and contributes to the system of indicators of the 2012 ten-year public health plan. This research evidences that communicable diseases generate the biggest part of the burden of disease in the Department of Nariño, that DALYs due to non-communicable diseases are on the rise, and that accidents and lesions, especially due to violence are an important cause of DALYs in this region, which is higher than that of the country.

Report of the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health: A Critique

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabar Banerji
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Work Done

The World Health Organization has been able to interest some of the world's top economists in joining the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, to study macroeconomics of health services for the poor peoples of the world. The commission has been ahistorical, apolitical, and atheoretical. It has adopted a selective approach to conform to a preconceived ideology. It has ignored earlier work done in this field. And it has pointedly ignored such major developments in the health services as the Alma-Ata Declaration. These failings have brought the quality of the scholastic work to an almost rock-bottom level. The commission's tunnel vision in its recommendations on so important a subject is not surprising. Its emphatic recommendations for perpetuating vertical programs against major communicable diseases (tuberculosis, AIDS, and malaria) on the grounds that such programs have proved convenient to “donors” reveals the real motivations for an almost openly ideology-driven agenda. This is a serious danger signal for scholars who wish to take a scientific attitude toward program formulations for the poor that provide maximum returns from limited resources. The concept of DALYs (disability adjusted life years) is bristling with gross infirmities. The WHO-generated data used for DALY calculations, converted into dollar terms, are patently invalid, unreliable, and not comparable between and even within countries.

Systemic hypertension

2010 ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Kaski
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
General Management ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Health Organization

Background 96 Definition and long-term complications 96 Causes 98 Clinical assessment 100 Classification of hypertension 101 General management principles 102 Treatment targets 105 Acute presentation of hypertension 105 Management of hypertension 106 Management of hypertension in specific clinical circumstances 110 Prevalence estimates of systemic hypertension are 1 billion worldwide, contributing to 4.5% of global disease burden, 64 million DALYs (disability adjusted life-years), and 7.1 million premature deaths. Analyses by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that about 62% of CVD and 49% of ischaemic heart disease are attributable to suboptimal BP levels (SBP >115mmHg)....

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