scholarly journals Retrotransposon-Based Molecular Markers for Analysis of Genetic Diversity within the GenusLinum

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Melnikova ◽  
Anna V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
Alexander V. Zelenin ◽  
Valentina A. Lakunina ◽  
Olga Yu. Yurkevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Chromosome Localization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Genebank Collections

SSAP method was used to study the genetic diversity of 22Linumspecies from sectionsLinum,Adenolinum, Dasylinum, Stellerolinum, and 46 flax cultivars. All the studied flax varieties were distinguished using SSAP for retrotransposonsFL9andFL11. Thus, the validity of SSAP method was demonstrated for flax marking, identification of accessions in genebank collections, and control during propagation of flax varieties. Polymorphism ofFl1a, Fl1b, andCassandrainsertions were very low in flax varieties, but these retrotransposons were successfully used for the investigation ofLinumspecies. Species clusterization based on SSAP markers was in concordance with their taxonomic division into sectionsDasylinum, Stellerolinum, Adenolinum, andLinum. All species of sect.Adenolinumclustered apart from species of sect.Linum. The data confirmed the accuracy of the separation in these sections. Members of sectionLinumare not as closely related as members of other sections, so taxonomic revision of this section is desirable.L. usitatissimumaccessions genetically distant from modern flax cultivars were revealed in our work. These accessions are of utmost interest for flax breeding and introduction of new useful traits into flax cultivars. The chromosome localization ofCassandraretrotransposon inLinumspecies was determined.

scholarly journals INTER- AND INTRA-SPECIFIC VARIATION AMONG FOUR IPOMOEA SPECIES AS DETECTED BY RAPD ANALYSIS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 442e-442
Author(s):  
Dapeng Zhang ◽  
Wanda Collins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Genebank Collections ◽  
Ipomoea Species

To understand the prospects of applying the RAPD technique to assay genetic diversity in Ipomoea, four species (I. batatas, I. trifida, I. triloba, and I. ×leucantha) were analyzed for RAPD molecular markers. Six accessions of each species were used. Significant RAPD polymorphisms were detected within each species. Of 20 primers used, nine produced clear scorable polymorphic bands. The number of polymorphic bands produced per primer ranged from two to nine. Pair-wide genetic distance was calculated based on “band sharing”. The SAS-CLUSTER procedure was used to build a hierarchical species dendrogram. The four species were clearly separated by the clustering, which agrees with their existing taxonomic relationship. This study shows that RAPD analysis can be a powerful tool for identifying duplicates of germplasm acessions and for assessing genetic diversity. The procedures are relatively inexpensive and easy to perform and could be valuable in preliminary assessment of field genebank collections to separate species and indicate duplications in collected material.

Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492f-493
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Vieira ◽  
James E. Simon ◽  
Peter Goldsbrough ◽  
Antonio Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

Assessment of genetic diversity of pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.) from western Kenya using SSR molecular markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 2253-2260
Author(s):  
Lameck A. Nyabera ◽  
Inosters W. Nzuki ◽  
Steven M. Runo ◽  
Peris W. Amwayi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Western Kenya

scholarly journals Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes of the Halophytic Plant Kalidium schrenkianum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Xiang Sun ◽  
Zhi-Dong Zhang ◽  
Qi-Yong Tang ◽  
Mei-Ying Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Root Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Geochemical Factors ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Endophytic bacteria and fungi colonize plants that grow in various types of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Our study investigates the communities of endophytic bacteria and fungi of halophyte Kalidium schrenkianum growing in stressed habitats with ionizing radiation. The geochemical factors and radiation (at low, medium, high level and control) both affected the structure of endophytic communities. The bacterial class Actinobacteria and the fungal class Dothideomycetes predominated the endophytic communities of K. schrenkianum. Aerial tissues of K. schrenkianum had higher fungal diversity, while roots had higher bacterial diversity. Radiation had no significant effect on the abundance of bacterial classes. Soil pH, total nitrogen, and organic matter showed significant effects on the diversity of root endophytes. Radiation affected bacterial and fungal community structure in roots but not in aerial tissues, and had a strong effect on fungal co-occurrence networks. Overall, the genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments, however negative correlations were found between endophytic bacteria and fungi in the plant. The genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments. Our findings suggest that radiation affects root endophytes, and that the endophytes associated with aerial tissues and roots of K. schrenkianum follow different mechanisms for community assembly and different paradigms in stress response.

Mitochondrial phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Italian and Slovenian fluvio-lacustrine barbels, Barbus sp. (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)

BMC Zoology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Rossi ◽  
Federico Plazzi ◽  
Gianluca Zuffi ◽  
Andrea Marchi ◽  
Salvatore De Bonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Cyprinid Fishes ◽  
Northern Croatia ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Barbels are ray finned cyprinid fishes of the Old-World with partially unresolved, intricate taxonomy. Within the Barbus sensu lato paraphyletic assemblage, Barbus sensu stricto is a monophyletic tetraploid lineage of Europe, northern Africa and Middle East, including two monophyletic sibling genera: Barbus and Luciobarbus. Italy, Slovenia and northern Croatia are natively inhabited by several entities of the genus Barbus, whose relationships and taxonomic ranks are still unclear. Aim of the present work is to focus on phylogeography of Italian and Slovenian barbels, with an appraisal of their current taxonomy. Results One hundred fifty specimens were collected in 78 sampling sites from 33 main watersheds, widely distributed along Italian and Slovenian ichthyogeographic districts. We amplified two mitochondrial markers, cytochrome b (cytb) and control region (D-loop), to infer a robust phylogeny for our sample and investigate on species delimitation. Our results strongly indicate all Italian and Adriatic Slovenian fluvio-lacustrine barbels to be comprised into at least three distinct species. We provide a proposal of taxonomic revision and a list of synonymies for two of them and a new description under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature rules for the third one. Conclusions If nuclear data will confirm our findings, at least three specific entities should be acknowledged across our sampling area. Namely, the three species are (i) Barbus plebejus, in the Padano-Venetian district; (ii) Barbus tyberinus, in the Tuscany-Latium district; (iii) Barbus oscensis Rossi & Plazzi sp. nov., in the Tyrrhenian and southernmost-Adriatic parts of Apulia-Campania district. Finally, we briefly discuss the implications of such a taxonomic scenario on conservation policies.

Molecular markers and antioxidant activity in berry crops: Genetic diversity analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Debnath ◽  
Y. L. Siow ◽  
J. Petkau ◽  
D. An ◽  
N. V. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Improvement Programs

Debnath, S. C., Siow, Y. L., Petkau, J., An, D. and Bykova, N. V. 2012. Molecular markers and antioxidant activity in berry crops: Genetic diversity analysis. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1121–1133. An improved understanding of important roles of dietary fruits in maintaining human health has led to a dramatic increase of global berry crop production. Berry fruits contain relatively high levels of vitamin C, cellulose and pectin, and produce anthocyanins, which have important therapeutic values, including antitumor, antiulcer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. There is a need to develop reliable methods to identify berry germplasm and assess genetic diversity/relatedness for dietary properties in berry genotypes for practical breeding purposes through genotype selection in a breeding program for cultivar development, and proprietary-rights protection. The introduction of molecular biology techniques, such as DNA-based markers, allows direct comparison of different genetic materials independent of environmental influences. Significant progress has been made in diversity analysis of wild cranberry, lowbush blueberry, lingonberry and cloudberry germplasm, and in strawberry and raspberry cultivars and advanced breeding lines developed in Canada. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers detected an adequate degree of polymorphism to differentiate among berry genotypes, making this technology valuable for cultivar identification and for the more efficient choice of parents in the current berry improvement programs. Although multiple factors affect antioxidant activity, a wide range of genetic diversity has been reported in wild and cultivated berry crops. Diversity analysis based on molecular markers did not agree with those from antioxidant activity. The paper also discusses the issues that still need to be addressed to utilize the full potential of molecular techniques including expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) analysis to develop improved environment-friendly berry cultivars suited to the changing needs of growers and consumers.

Evaluation of genetic diversity among some genotypes of Kentucky bluegrass by RAPD molecular markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Rezapour Fard ◽  
Zabihollah Zamani ◽  
Mohamad Reza Fattahi Moghaddam ◽  
Mohsen Kafi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass
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