scholarly journals Psychosocial Aspects of Bruxism: The Most Paramount Factor Influencing Teeth Grinding

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieszko Wieckiewicz ◽  
Anna Paradowska-Stolarz ◽  
Wlodzimierz Wieckiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Psychosocial Aspects ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Teeth Grinding ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

In clinical practice, patients suffering from an occlusal parafunctional activity have increased. It can be observed that a negative influence of environment aggravates patient’s health. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of environment and development of human civilization on the prevalence of bruxism and the correlation between them. The authors grasp the most relevant aspects of psychological and anthropological factors changing over time as well as their interactions and describe a relationship between chronic stress and bruxism. Current literature shows how contemporary lifestyle, working environment, diet, and habits influence the patient’s psychoemotional situation and the way these factors affect the occluso-muscle condition.

scholarly journals Quality of life assessments in clinical practice using either the EORTC-QLQ-C30 or the SEIOQL-DW: a randomized study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Kettis ◽  
Hanna Fagerlind ◽  
Jan-Erik Frödin ◽  
Bengt Glimelius ◽  
Lena Ring
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Health Related Qol ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Effective patient-physician communication can improve patient understanding, agreement on treatment and adherence. This may, in turn, impact on clinical outcomes and patient quality of life (QoL). One way to improve communication is by using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Heretofore, studies of the impact of using PROMs in clinical practice have mostly evaluated the use of standardized PROMs. However, there is reason to believe that individualized instruments may be more appropriate for this purpose. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the standardized QoL-instrument, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life C-30 (EORTC-QOL-C30) and the individualized QoL instrument, the Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW), in clinical practice. Methods In a prospective, open-label, controlled intervention study at two hospital out-patient clinics, 390 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were randomly assigned either to complete the EORTC-QOL-C30 or the SEIQoL-DW immediately before the consultation, with their responses being shared with their physician. This was repeated in 3–5 consultations over a period of 4–6 months. The primary outcome measure was patients’ health-related QoL, as measured by FACIT-G. Patients’ satisfaction with the consultation and survival were secondary outcomes. Results There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to study outcomes. Neither intervention instrument resulted in any significant changes in health-related QoL, or in any of the secondary outcomes, over time. This may reflect either a genuine lack of effect or sub-optimization of the intervention. Since there was no comparison to standard care an effect in terms of lack of deterioration over time cannot be excluded. Conclusions Future studies should focus on the implementation process, including the training of physicians to use the instruments and their motivation for doing so. The effects of situational use of standardized or individualized instruments should also be explored. The effectiveness of the different approaches may depend on contextual factors including physician and patient preferences.

Development of the concept

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Hyperkinetic Disorder ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Concepts ◽  
Observable Behaviour ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Over time, concepts have evolved from the idea of a constitutional basis for behavioural problems, through unitary neurological formulations, to the recognition of neurocognitive heterogeneity and the impact of the social environment. Diagnoses have altered accordingly. ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder have different historical traditions, and still generate international differences in practice; however, they have succeeded in keeping research and clinical practice in touch with each other. This chapter takes a historical approach to describe the influences on the development of the concepts. Concepts are still changing, in response both to the historical context and to improving scientific knowledge. It may well be that recognition of heterogeneity at neural, psychological, and genetic levels will lead to more and better differentiated behavioural concepts. For the moment, however, the clinical utility of diagnosis based on observable behaviour is likely to maintain ADHD as the dominant idea organizing the field.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Internship Programme And Its Effects On The Physiotherapy Practice In Nigeria

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Teslim Onigbinde
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internship Training

Background: The recent introduction of one year internship training programme is one of the few steps taken to update standard and knowledge of upcoming physiotherapists in Nigeria. It is a compulsory one-year clinical training post-graduation from the university under the supervision of the clinicians. The major importance of introducing the new policy is to promote acquisition and utilization of new skills, and as well, develop skills and confidence already acquired during undergraduate days. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the new internship-training programme considering welfare package like salary and wages, accommodation, employment opportunities, acceptability and working environment. The study also evaluated the opinion of the supervisors on the impact of the new policy on the profession, government and clinical practice. Method: Structured copies of self-administered questionnaires were distributed to forty-four interns at three accredited University Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria while 30 questionnaires were distributed to supervising physiotherapists in these hospitals. The response rate for interns was 100% while it was 60% for the supervisors. The data obtained from the designed questionnaire were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Results: The result showed that the 52% of the interns were satisfied with the support from their senior colleagues, work load (80%), freedom to plan and manage patients (100%), and supervision from senior colleagues (62%). They were grossly dissatisfied with their salaries (91%), equipment available (79%), pattern of conducting ward rounds (89%), and office environment (58%). The result also revealed that all the supervising physiotherapists (100%) were satisfied with the skill and clinical practice of the interns. The result further showed that the programme has a positive impact in terms of clinical practice, confidence employment opportunity, productivity and government policy (66–100%). Conclusion: This study concluded that the internship programme has a remarkable positive impact on the profession of physiotherapy in Nigeria. However, the intern physiotherapists were not satisfied most especially with their monthly income and pattern of conducting clinical rounds. KEY WORDS: Physiotherapy Internship Programme, Nigerian Physiotherapists.

The impact of new working practices on employee productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayantha Wadu Mesthrige ◽  
Yat Hung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consultancy Firm ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to analyse the impact on employee productivity of adopting the activity-based working (ABW) a form of new work practices (NWPs). A study of this nature has never been made in Asia. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods design was used, which combined a comprehensive literature review, three interviews with senior professionals and a questionnaire survey with 37 office occupiers all from one international real estate consultancy firm in Hong Kong, as a case study, to analyse the impact of ABW on employee productivity. Findings Findings suggest that ABW influences employee productivity to a certain degree. Though both physical and behavioural working environmental factors influence employee productivity in general, the latter factors were relatively more influential. Interestingly, though space-per-employee has been reduced under the ABW, this has not affected employee performance negatively. However, findings indicate that distraction elements (e.g. interruptions, overcrowding and noise) do have a negative influence on employee performance. Research limitations/implications The scope of this exploratory study is limited to Hong Kong and to a small sample of respondents representing one international real estate firm. However, the results could be interpreted for critical learning in other similarly expensive real estate rental markets. Originality/value The study highlighted the impact of not only physical but also behavioural working environment factors on employee productivity. The maximum benefits of NWPs can only be accomplished by striking a balance between aspects of physical and behavioural working environments.

scholarly journals Two Years of Ethics Reflection Groups About the Use of Coercion. Changes Over Time in Employees’ Normative Attitudes Regarding the Use of Coercion, User Involvement, Team Cooperation and the Handling of Disagreement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Molewijk ◽  
Reidar Pedersen ◽  
Almar Kok ◽  
Reidun Førde ◽  
Olaf Aasland
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Reflection Groups ◽  
Team Cooperation ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ethics Reflection

Abstract Background: Research on the impact of ethics reflection groups (ERG) or moral case deliberations (MCD) is complex and scarce. Within a larger study, ERG has been used as an intervention for stimulating critical ethical reflection and improved team cooperation while observing changes over time.Research question: Are there – during and after two years of ERGs - changes over time regarding employees’ normative attitudes regarding the use of coercion and how employees perceive user involvement, team cooperation and the handling of disagreement in teams?Methods: Repeated cross-sectional survey to multidisciplinary employees at seven wards within three Norwegian mental health care institutions (T0-T1-T2). Changes in normative attitudes over time were estimated using linear mixed models.Results: In total, 817 surveys (from employees that did and did not participate in ERG) were included in the analyses. Of these, 7.6 % (N=62) responded at all three points in time, 15.5% (N=127) at two points, and 76.8 % (N= 628) once. On average, over time, respondents who participated in ERG agreed less that coercion can be seen a form of care or security. ERG participants more often reported that they involved users and that they handled disagreement within the team constructively. Furthermore, more frequent ERG participation was associated with a more critical attitude towards coercion and higher scores for user involvement, the coercion competence of the team and the constructive handling of disagreement within their teams.Conclusions: Structural ERGs or MCDs seem to contribute to employees reporting a more critical attitude towards coercion, more user involvement around coercion and a more constructive handling of disagreement. Differences were generally small in absolute terms possibly due to the low amount of longitudinal data and the relative low frequency of ERG’s during the two years. Studying changes over time in clinical practice and trying to find a relationship between CES interventions and CES outcomes is difficult yet important and needs to be further developed in future CES evaluation studies. This explorative quantitative study may be a first step from qualitative evidence towards more robust quantitative evidence of the contribution of CES to clinical practice and quality of care.

scholarly journals Early Cortisol and Inflammatory Responses to Parental Cancer and Their Impact on Functional Impairment in Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hayes ◽  
Jacob Brent ◽  
Yongqi Zhong ◽  
Shervin Bazmi ◽  
Giovanna Porta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Parental Cancer ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: Chronic stress is associated with increased risk for maladaptive psychological responses during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Adults exposed to chronic stress during childhood exhibit dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and inflammation. There are no studies examining the impact of stress on biological stress responses and functional impairment in adolescents and young adults early after the onset of a stressor. Methods: The sample consisted of 59 offspring, aged 11–25 years, 33 of parents diagnosed with cancer and 26 controls from families with no cancer or severe chronic illness in parents or siblings. Cancer patients and their families were recruited within an average of 62 days (SD = 35.9) and followed at 6 and 9 months later. Functional impairment was assessed and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), salivary cortisol, and inflammatory markers were measured. Mixed regression analyses were conducted. Results: The stress group showed higher functional impairment (β = −5.5, 95% CI (−10.4, −0.06), p = 0.03, d= −0.40) and HCC (β = 10.5, 95% CI (−5.5, −0.50), p < 0.001, d = 1.43). However, HCC were reduced over time in the stress group (β= −0.3, 95% CI (−0.04, −0.01), p < 0.001, d = −1.08). Higher total cortisol output was associated with increased functional impairment over time (β = −3.0, 95% CI (−5.5, −0.5), p = 0.02, d = −0.60). Conclusions: Parental cancer is associated with early increase in cortisol, which was associated with increased functional impairment in offspring. Clinicians need to assess and monitor psychiatric symptoms and functioning in these offspring early on following parental cancer diagnosis.

Translating Principles of Speech Science to Clinical Practice: Current and Future Trends in Craniofacial Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opinion Article

Abstract The purpose of this opinion article is to review the impact of the principles and technology of speech science on clinical practice in the area of craniofacial disorders. Current practice relative to (a) speech aerodynamic assessment, (b) computer-assisted single-word speech intelligibility testing, and (c) behavioral management of hypernasal resonance are reviewed. Future directions and/or refinement of each area are also identified. It is suggested that both challenging and rewarding times are in store for clinical researchers in craniofacial disorders.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

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