scholarly journals Testosterone and Adipokines are Determinants of Physical Performance, Strength, and Aerobic Fitness in Frail, Obese, Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina E. Aguirre ◽  
Irum Zeb Jan ◽  
Kenneth Fowler ◽  
Debra L. Waters ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Hs Crp

In this study, we evaluated the independent and combined effects of baseline circulating gonadal, anabolic hormones and adipokines on physical function in 107 frail, obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and older (≥65 yr) subjects. Our results showed significant positive correlations between circulating testosterone and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with knee flexion, knee extension, one-repetition maximum (1-RM), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), while no correlation was observed with estradiol. Among the adipokines, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and leptin negatively correlated with the modified physical performance testing (PPT), knee flexion, knee extension, 1-RM, and VO2peak. Interleukin-6 ( Il-6) negatively correlated with knee flexion and VO2peak and soluble tumor necrosis factors receptor-1 (sTNFr1) correlated with PPT, 1-RM, and VO2peak. Adiponectin correlated negatively with 1-RM. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, for PPT, sTNFr1 was the only independent predictor. Independent predictors included adiponectin, leptin, and testosterone for knee flexion; leptin and testosterone for knee extension; adiponectin, leptin, and testosterone for 1-RM; and IGF-1, IL-6, leptin, and testosterone for VO2peak. In conclusion, in frail obese older adults, circulating levels of testosterone, adiponectin, and leptin appear to be important predictors of physical strength and fitness, while inflammation appears to be a major determinant of physical frailty.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Multicomponent Lower Extremity Training Technique on Physical Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142093570
Author(s):  
Hungu Jung ◽  
Yumiko Miki ◽  
Ryo Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Functional Reach Test

Objective: We aimed to examine the outcomes of our novel multicomponent lower extremity training (MLT) technique on physical function in older adults. Methods: Participants were randomly divided into a training group (TG) or a control group (CG). The TG (4 men, 14 women) received MLT for 24 weeks, once per week. MLT contains strength, balance, and flexibility components. The CG (5 men, 10 women) did not receive any training for 24 weeks. Nine lower extremity range of motions (ROMs; hip flexion, hip abduction, hip adduction, hip extension, internal and external hip rotations, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion) and two muscle strength assessments (knee extension and flexion) were collected. Physical performance tests were also performed, including the functional reach test, timed up and go test (TUGT), and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Results: After 24 weeks, significant increases were observed in the TG in all ROMs (with the exception of knee flexion), knee extension strength, and performance in the TUGT and FTSST. Conclusions: MLT significantly improved ROM, muscle strength, and physical performance in healthy older adults. We suggest that it is an efficacious intervention in the maintenance and improvement of mobility and functional independence in healthy older adults. Trial registration: UMIN CTR, UMIN000037463. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000041955

scholarly journals Rapid Transition to Telehealth Group Exercise and Functional Assessments in Response to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142098031
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Jennings ◽  
Kenneth M. Manning ◽  
Janet Prvu Bettger ◽  
Katherine M. Hall ◽  
Megan Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Functional Assessments ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Exercise Classes

Exercise is critical for health maintenance in late life. The COVID-19 shelter in place and social distancing orders resulted in wide-scale interruptions of exercise therapies, placing older adults at risk for the consequences of decreased mobilization. The purpose of this paper is to describe rapid transition of the Gerofit facility-based group exercise program to telehealth delivery. This Gerofit-to-Home (GTH) program continued with group-based synchronous exercise classes that ranged from 1 to 24 Veterans per class and 1 to 9 classes offered per week in the different locations. Three hundred and eight of 1149 (27%) Veterans active in the Gerofit facility-based programs made the transition to the telehealth delivered classes. Participants’ physical performance testing continued remotely as scheduled with comparisons between most recent facility-based and remote testing suggesting that participants retained physical function. Detailed protocols for remote physical performance testing and sample exercise routines are described. Translation to remote delivery of exercise programs for older adults could mitigate negative health effects.

scholarly journals NEUROMUSCULAR ATTRIBUTES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR MOBILITY IN OLDER ADULTS WITH VASCULAR RISK CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A.J. Jor’dan ◽  
M.E. Jacob ◽  
E. Leritz ◽  
J.F. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Life Function

Background: The mobility of older adults is limited by the compounding effects of vascular health conditions, or vascular risk burden. However, little is known about the role of neuromuscular attributes among those in which vascular risk burden contributes to mobility limitations. Objective: We investigated (1) the relationship between the absence/presence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity and mobility measures and neuromuscular attributes, and (2) whether the association between vascular risk burden and mobility is mediated by lower limb neuromuscular attributes. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 430 older adults within the Boston RISE Study. Measurements: Measures of mobility were the Short Physical Performance Battery, habitual gait speed, and functional mobility as measured by the Late Life Function Instrument. We also evaluated lower limb neuromuscular attributes, namely leg strength, leg velocity, trunk extensor muscle endurance, knee and ankle range of motion, and sensory loss. Results: Participants self-reported the presence of None (n=93), One (n=179), Two (n=114), or Three (n=44) of the following conditions: diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Multivariable regression models indicated that those with a greater vascular risk burden had worse performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (p=0.01), slower gait speed (p=0.0003) and lower Basic and Advanced Late Life Function Instrument scores (p<0.003). These associations were independent of multiple covariates. Vascular risk burden was also found to be negatively associated with leg strength (p=0.0002) and knee flexion range of motion (p<0.0001) and an associated non-significant trend was observed with leg velocity (p=0.06). In addition, the association between vascular risk burden and mobility outcomes were found to be partially mediated by leg strength, leg velocity, and knee flexion range of motion. Conclusions: Among older adults with vascular risk burden and mobility problems, neuromuscular impairments in attributes such as leg strength, leg velocity, and knee range of motion may need to be treatment priorities.

scholarly journals Cachexia and Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Dunne ◽  
Kah Poh Loh ◽  
Grant R. Williams ◽  
Aminah Jatoi ◽  
Karen M. Mustian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Geriatric Oncology ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Patient Reported

Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by weight loss with accompanying loss of muscle and/or fat mass and leads to impaired patient function and physical performance and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is prevalent in older adults with cancer; age-associated physiologic muscle wasting and weakness, also known as sarcopenia, can compound deficits associated with cancer cachexia in older adults and makes studying this condition more complex in this population. Multiple measurement options are available to assess the older patient with cancer and cachexia and/or sarcopenia including anthropometric measures, imaging modalities such as Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Computed Tomography (CT), muscular strength and physical performance testing, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). A geriatric assessment (GA) is a useful tool when studying the older patient with cachexia given its comprehensive ability to capture aging-sensitive PROs. Interventions focused on nutrition and increasing physical activity may improve outcomes in older adults with cachexia. Efforts to develop targeted pharmacologic therapies with cachexia have not been successful thus far. Formal treatment guidelines, an updated consensus definition for cancer cachexia and the development of a widely adapted assessment tool, much like the GA utilized in geriatric oncology, could help advance the field of cancer cachexia over the next decade.

Lower-Extremity Kinetic Response to Activity Program Dosing in Older Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Salem ◽  
Man-Ying Wang ◽  
Stanley P. Azen ◽  
Jean T. Young ◽  
Gail A. Greendale
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
Weighted Vest

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of two doses of a weighted vest on acute lower-extremity gait kinetics in older adults. Peak ankle, knee, and hip net joint moments were quantified in 56 men and women volunteers (73.8 ± 6.9 years old) enrolled in a 6-month physical activity study. At the initial study visit, participants underwent 6 walking trials (3 with vest, 3 without vest) at their normal pace. During the vest-wearing trials, participants wore a vest loaded with either 0% of body weight (BW) (n= 19), 3% of BW (n= 16), or 5% of BW (n= 21). With acute application of the vests, maximum peak plantarflexion moments increased by 5.7% in the 5% BW group compared to the 0% BW group,p< 0.01. Compared to the 0% vest-weight group, knee extension moments increased by 13.8% when 5% BW was applied,p< 0.01; a marginally significant treatment effect was evident in the 3% BW group,p= 0.04. Despite these acute alterations, knee strength and physical performance did not improve when subjects wore the vests 2 hours a day, 4 days a week for 27 weeks, without additional exercise prescription. These findings suggest that: (a) the acute changes in vest-mediated lower-extremity kinetics are not systemic but joint specific and load dependent, and (b) weighted vest prescription should be greater than 5% BW without prescribed exercise, or should include prescribed exercises, to invoke long-term strength and physical performance gains in older adults.

scholarly journals Association of Uremic Toxins and Inflammatory Markers with Physical Performance in Dialysis Patients

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Pajek ◽  
Alexander Jerman ◽  
Joško Osredkar ◽  
Jadranka Ponikvar ◽  
Jernej Pajek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Rehabilitation Potential ◽  
Hs Crp

Association of higher serum levels of uremic toxins and inflammatory markers with poorer physical performance is understudied. We measured the six-minute walk test (6MWT), 10 repetition sit-to-stand test (STS-10), handgrip strength (HGS), and Human Activity Profile (HAP) questionnaire score in 90 prevalent hemodialysis patents, with low comorbidity to reduce the potential confounding of concomitant disease. Midweek pre-dialysis serum levels of asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA), β2-microglobulin (B2M), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), indoxyl sulfate (IS), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), myostatin, and urea were analyzed as predictor parameters of physical performance measures in adjusted models. Serum levels of most measured toxins were not significantly related to performance, except for ADMA, which was significantly related to poorer performance in the STS-10 test (B = 0.11 ± 0.03 s, p < 0.01). Higher hs-CRP was associated with poorer results in the 6MWT (B = −2.6 ± 0.97 m, p < 0.01) and a lower HAP score (B = −0.36 ± 0.14, p = 0.01). There were no other significant associations found. We conclude that inflammation may be a more important pathway to physical impediment than uremic toxemia. This suggests that there is a large physical rehabilitation potential in non-inflamed uremic patients.

scholarly journals A single dose of purple grape juice improves physical performance and antioxidant activity in runners: a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo study

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 2997-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydiane de Lima Tavares Toscano ◽  
Alexandre Sérgio Silva ◽  
Ana Carla Lima de França ◽  
Bruno Rafael Virgínio de Sousa ◽  
Eder Jackson Bezerra de Almeida Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Placebo Drink

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of a single dose of juice on physical performance, oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage in runners. Methods Fourteen recreational male runners (39 ± 9 years, VO2peak = 55.9 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) performed two running tests to exhaustion at 80% of VO2max after ingesting grape juice or a placebo drink (10 ml/kg/day) randomly. Blood samples were taken before and 2 h after supplementation and immediately after running to analyze total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (A1GPA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results The participants ran for an average of 59.2 ± 27.8 min until exhaustion in the placebo group and for 68.4 ± 29.7 min until exhaustion in the grape juice intake group, which was a significantly longer time (p = 0.008). This improvement in physical performance was accompanied by a 43.6% increase in TAC (p = 0.000) at the post-exercise timepoint compared to the level at baseline. MDA, A1GPA, hs-CRP, CK, and LDH did not exhibit changes. In contrast, no significant change in any variable was observed after consuming the placebo drink. Conclusion The single-dose intake of purple grape juice demonstrated an ergogenic effect in recreational runners by increasing run time to exhaustion and increasing antioxidant activity.

STUDY OF HS-CRP IN PEOPLE OF HUE CITY

2015 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Anh Tien Hoang ◽  
Kim Phuong Le
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk Factor ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

Background: High sensitivity C reactive protein is a protein that occur in acute phase of inflammation. hs-CRP is considered as a predict factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. Framingham risk score is a strong predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk and death. In Viet Nam there was still few studies about hs-CRP and Framingham risk score. Objective: To study the concentration of hs-CRP in peoples in Hue city, also the correlation of hs-CRP and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor, Framingham risk score. Methods: Clinical data of 1471 people age from 30-74 living in Hue city. We do clinical exam, paraclinical exam. We find out the correlations between hs-CRP and the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor, the correlations between hs-CRP and Framingham risk score. Results: (i) The concentration of hs-CRP of people in Hue city was 1.54 ± 3.81 mg/l. The concentration of hs-CRP in hyper cholesterol, hyper LDL, hypertension, smoke, obesity and hypo HDL group was significant higher than in the others groups (p<0.05). There was positive significant correlation between the concentration of hs-CRP and systolic blood pressure r=0.061(p< 0.05); (ii) There was positive significant correlation betwee the concentration of hs-CRP and cardiovascular risk (r=0.083; p<0.01) cerebrovascular risk (r=0.068; p<0.05). Conclusions: hs-CRP was a predict risk factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular. Key words: hs-CRP, Framingham, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular

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