scholarly journals NEUROMUSCULAR ATTRIBUTES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR MOBILITY IN OLDER ADULTS WITH VASCULAR RISK CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A.J. Jor’dan ◽  
M.E. Jacob ◽  
E. Leritz ◽  
J.F. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Life Function

Background: The mobility of older adults is limited by the compounding effects of vascular health conditions, or vascular risk burden. However, little is known about the role of neuromuscular attributes among those in which vascular risk burden contributes to mobility limitations. Objective: We investigated (1) the relationship between the absence/presence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity and mobility measures and neuromuscular attributes, and (2) whether the association between vascular risk burden and mobility is mediated by lower limb neuromuscular attributes. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 430 older adults within the Boston RISE Study. Measurements: Measures of mobility were the Short Physical Performance Battery, habitual gait speed, and functional mobility as measured by the Late Life Function Instrument. We also evaluated lower limb neuromuscular attributes, namely leg strength, leg velocity, trunk extensor muscle endurance, knee and ankle range of motion, and sensory loss. Results: Participants self-reported the presence of None (n=93), One (n=179), Two (n=114), or Three (n=44) of the following conditions: diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Multivariable regression models indicated that those with a greater vascular risk burden had worse performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (p=0.01), slower gait speed (p=0.0003) and lower Basic and Advanced Late Life Function Instrument scores (p<0.003). These associations were independent of multiple covariates. Vascular risk burden was also found to be negatively associated with leg strength (p=0.0002) and knee flexion range of motion (p<0.0001) and an associated non-significant trend was observed with leg velocity (p=0.06). In addition, the association between vascular risk burden and mobility outcomes were found to be partially mediated by leg strength, leg velocity, and knee flexion range of motion. Conclusions: Among older adults with vascular risk burden and mobility problems, neuromuscular impairments in attributes such as leg strength, leg velocity, and knee range of motion may need to be treatment priorities.

scholarly journals The effect of a multicomponent exercise protocol (VIVIFRAIL©) on inflammatory profile and physical performance of older adults with different frailty status: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Petrella ◽  
Ivan Aprahamian ◽  
Ronei Luciano Mamoni ◽  
Carla Fernanda de Vasconcellos Romanini ◽  
Natália Almeida Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Abstract Background To investigate whether an exercise intervention using the VIVIFRAIL© protocol has benefits for inflammatory and functional parameters in different frailty status. Methods/design This is a randomized clinical trial in an outpatient geriatrics clinic including older adults ≥60 years. For each frailty state (frail, pre-frail and robust), forty-four volunteers will be randomly allocated to the control group (n = 22) and the intervention group (n = 22) for 12 weeks. In the control group, participants will have meetings of health education while those in the intervention group will be part of a multicomponent exercise program (VIVIFRAIL©) performed five times a week (two times supervised and 3 times of home-based exercises). The primary outcome is a change in the inflammatory profile (a reduction in inflammatory interleukins [IL-6, TNF- α, IL1beta, IL-17, IL-22, CXCL-8, and IL-27] or an increase in anti-inflammatory mediators [IL-10, IL1RA, IL-4]). Secondary outcomes are change in physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery, handgrip strength, fatigue, gait speed, dual-task gait speed, depressive symptoms, FRAIL-BR and SARC-F scores, and quality of life at the 12-week period of intervention and after 3 months of follow-up. Discussion We expect a reduction in inflammatory interleukins or an increase in anti-inflammatory mediators in those who performed the VIVIFRAIL© protocol. The results of the study will imply in a better knowledge about the effect of a low-cost intervention that could be easily replicated in outpatient care for the prevention and treatment of frailty, especially regarding the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways involved in its pathophysiology. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-9n5jbw; 01/24/2020). Registred January 2020. http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9n5jbw/.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR LOW GAIT SPEED: A NESTED CASE-CONTROL SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE MEXICAN HEALTH AND AGING STUDY

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
M.U. PÉREZ-ZEPEDA ◽  
J.G. GONZÁLEZ-CHAVERO ◽  
R. SALINAS-MARTINEZ ◽  
L.M. GUTIÉRREZ-ROBLEDO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Aging Study

Background: Physical performance tests play a major role in the geriatric assessment. In particular, gait speed has shown to be useful for predicting adverse outcomes. However, risk factors for slow gait speed (slowness) are not clearly described. Objectives: To determine risk factors associated with slowness in Mexican older adults. Design: A two-step process was adopted for exploring the antecedent risk factors of slow gait speed. First, the cut-off values for gait speed were determined in a representative sample of Mexican older adults. Then, antecedent risk factors of slow gait speed (defined using the identified cut-points) were explored in a nested cohort case-control study. Setting, participants: One representative sample of a cross-sectional survey for the first step and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (a cohort characterized by a 10-year follow-up). Measurements: A 4-meter usual gait speed test was conducted. Lowest gender and height-stratified groups were considered as defining slow gait speed. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, psychological and health-care related variables were explored to find those associated with the subsequent development of slow gait speed. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were performed. Results: In the final model, age, diabetes, hypertension, and history of fractures were associated with the development of slow gait speed. Conclusions: Early identification of subjects at risk of developing slow gait speed may halt the path to disability due to the robust association of this physical performance test with functional decline.

117 Study of Development and Validation of the Multi-Sensor based Kiosk Performing Short Physical Performance Battery Automatically

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv28-iv33
Author(s):  
Heewon Jung ◽  
Jae-Young Lim ◽  
Jihong Park
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Short Physical Performance Battery ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test

Abstract Background Short physical performance battery (SPPB) is a well-accepted clinical test to assess vulnerability in older adults. We aimed to develop and validate a multi-sensor based kiosk (e-SPPB kiosk) which can perform automated measurement for SPPB. Methods The e-SPPB kiosk was developed to measure 3 components of SPPB of standing balance, gait speed, and chair stand test with embedded sensors and algorithms. Feasibility and reliability of the e-SPPB kiosk was assessed with the manually measured SPPB (m-SPPB) by a physical therapist in participants aged 65 or older recruited from the outpatient rehabilitation clinic of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, from November 2018 to April 2019. Results In 34 participants with mean age of 73.6 (standard deviation [SD] 5.4), mean of e-SPPB total score was 10.1 (SD 2.2) and mean of m-SPPB total score was 10.2 (SD 2.3). Concordance between e-SPPB and m-SPPB total score was 0.94 (P&lt;0.001) and agreement by Kappa was 0.65 (P&lt;0.001). Agreements for components of e-SPPB and m-SPPB were 0.68 (P&lt;0.001), 0.73 (P&lt;0.001), 0.92 (P&lt;0.001) for standing balance, gait speed and chair stand test, respectively. Conclusion In older adults, physical performance measured by the e-SPPB kiosk correlated to m-SPPB measured by a single physical therapist. In multicenter studies for older people with physical performance as an outcome or selection criterion, e-SPPB kiosk can be used to reduce possible inter-rater variabilities of SPPB.

DHERENCE TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF SARCOPENIC SYMPTOMOLOGY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE OLDER ADULTS IN AUSTRALIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Stanton ◽  
J. Buckley ◽  
A. Villani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is inversely associated with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adherence to a MedDiet and sarcopenic symptomology in obese older adults. For confirmation of sarcopenia, low appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM: males, ≤7.25kg/m2; females, ≤5.5kg/m2) accompanied low handgrip strength (males, ≤30kg; females, ≤20kg) or low physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]: ≤8; or gait speed: ≤0.8m/sec). Adherence to a MedDiet was determined using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Sixty-five older adults were included. Adherence to a MedDiet was not associated with a decreased risk of sarcopenic symptomology (SPPB: OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01-3.1; P = 0.234; Muscle strength: OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 0.32-10.15; P = 0.499; Gait speed: OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.13-2.50; P = 0.468). Future research should investigate whether a Mediterranean-style intervention can prevent or improve sarcopenic symptomology, including in non-Mediterranean populations.

scholarly journals Detectable Changes in Physical Performance Measures in Elderly African Americans

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Kline Mangione ◽  
Rebecca L. Craik ◽  
Alyson A. McCormick ◽  
Heather L. Blevins ◽  
Meaghan B. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
6Mwt Distance ◽  
African American Older Adults

Background African American older adults have higher rates of self-reported disability and lower physical performance scores compared with white older adults. Measures of physical performance are used to predict future morbidity and to determine the effect of exercise. Characteristics of performance measures are not known for African American older adults. Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) time, free gait speed, fast gait speed, and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance in frail African American adults. Design This observational measurement study used a test-retest design. Methods Individuals were tested 2 times over a 1-week period. Demographic data collected included height, weight, number of medications, assistive device use, and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores. Participants then completed the 5 physical performance tests. Results Fifty-two participants (mean age=78 years) completed the study. The average MMSE score was 25 points, and the average body mass index was 29.4 kg/m2. On average, participants took 7 medications, and the majority used assistive devices. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [2,1]) were greater than .90, except for the SPPB score (ICC=.81). The SEMs were 1.2 points for the SPPB, 1.7 seconds for the TUG, 0.08 m/s for free gait speed, 0.09 m/s for fast gait speed, and 28 m for 6MWT distance. The MDC values were 2.9 points for the SPPB, 4 seconds for the TUG, 0.19 m/s for free gait speed, 0.21 m/s for fast gait speed, and 65 m for 6MWT distance. Limitations The entire sample was from an urban area. Conclusions The SEMs were similar to previously reported values and can be used when working with African American and white older adults. Estimates of MDC were calculated to assist in clinical interpretation.

scholarly journals Associations Between Physical Performance and Executive Function in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Gait Speed and the Timed “Up & Go” Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L. McGough ◽  
Valerie E. Kelly ◽  
Rebecca G. Logsdon ◽  
Susan M. McCurry ◽  
Barbara B. Cochrane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed

scholarly journals Relation between leg extension power and 30-s sit-to-stand muscle power in older adults: validation and translation to functional performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Alcazar ◽  
Rikke S. Kamper ◽  
Per Aagaard ◽  
Bryan Haddock ◽  
Eva Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leg Extension Power

Abstract This study aimed to assess the validity and functional relevance of a standardized procedure to assess lower limb muscle power by means of the 30-s sit-to-stand (STS) test when compared to leg extension power (LEP), traditional STS performance and handgrip strength. A total of 628 community-dwelling older subjects (60–93 years) from the Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study were included. Physical performance was assessed by the 30-s STS and 10-m maximal gait speed tests. Handgrip strength and LEP were recorded by a hand-held dynamometer and the Nottingham power rig, respectively. STS muscle power was calculated using the subjects’ body mass and height, chair height and the number of repetitions completed in the 30-s STS test. We found a small albeit significant difference between LEP and unilateral STS power in older men (245.5 ± 88.8 vs. 223.4 ± 81.4 W; ES = 0.26; p < 0.05), but not in older women (135.9 ± 51.9 vs. 138.5 ± 49.6 W; ES = 0.05; p > 0.05). Notably, a large positive correlation was observed between both measures (r = 0.75; p < 0.001). Relative STS power was more strongly related with maximal gait speed than handgrip strength, repetition-based STS performance and relative LEP after adjusting for age (r = 0.53 vs 0.35–0.45; p < 0.05). In conclusion, STS power obtained from the 30-s STS test appeared to provide a valid measure of bilateral lower limb power and was more strongly related with physical performance than maximal handgrip strength, repetition-based STS performance and LEP.

scholarly journals The Roles of Body Composition and Specific Strength in the Relationship Between Race and Physical Performance in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Chiles Shaffer ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Roland J Thorpe ◽  
Stephanie A Studenski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
High Education ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass

Abstract Background Socioeconomics may explain black–white differences in physical performance; few studies examine racial differences among socioeconomically similar groups. Performance is also affected by body composition and specific strength, which differ by race. We assessed whether racial differences in physical performance exist among older adults with high education and similar income and whether body composition and specific strength attenuate observed differences. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 536 men (18% black) and 576 women (28% black) aged more than 60 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Specific strength was assessed by quadricep peak torque divided by height-normalized thigh cross-sectional area and grip strength divided by body mass index-normalized appendicular lean mass. Physical performance was assessed using usual gait speed and fast 400 m walk time. Sex-stratified linear regression models, adjusted for age, height, education, and recent income, determined whether body composition or specific strength attenuated associations between race and physical performance. Results Blacks were younger, with higher weight and appendicular lean mass. Black women had higher percent fat and specific strength. In both sexes, blacks had poorer physical performance after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. In women, neither body composition nor specific strength altered the association with gait speed. In men, neither body composition nor specific strength attenuated racial differences in either performance measure. Conclusions Poorer physical performance among black compared to white older adults persists among persons with high education and similar income and cannot generally be attributed to differences in body composition or specific strength.

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