scholarly journals Heavy Silicone Oil and Intraocular Inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Morescalchi ◽  
Ciro Costagliola ◽  
Sarah Duse ◽  
Elena Gambicorti ◽  
Barbara Parolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intraocular Inflammation ◽  
Retinal Breaks ◽  
Oxane Hd ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In the past two decades, many advances have been made in vitrectomy instrumentation, surgical techniques, and the use of different tamponade agents. These agents serve close retinal breaks, confine eventual retinal redetachment, and prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Long-acting gases and silicone oil are effective internal tamponade agents; however, because their specific gravity is lower than that of the vitreous fluid, they may provide adequate support for the superior retina but lack efficacy for the inferior retina, especially when the fill is subtotal. Thus, a specific role may exist for an internal tamponade agent with a higher specific gravity, such as heavy silicone oils (HSOs), Densiron 68, Oxane HD, HWS 45-300, HWS 46-3000, and HeavySil. Some clinical evidence seems to presume that heavy tamponades are more prone to intraocular inflammation than standard silicone if they remain in the eye for several months. In this review, we discuss the fundamental clinical and biochemical/molecular mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response after the use of heavy tamponade: toxicity due to impurities or instability of the agent, direct toxicity and immunogenicity, oil emulsification, and mechanical injury due to gravity. The physical and chemical properties of various HSOs and their efficacy and safety profiles are also described.

Silicone Oils and their Properties used in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Retinal Tear ◽  
Giant Retinal Tear ◽  
Silicone Oils ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Silicone oils are polymer structures including siloxane repeats in the center. Copolymers formed by combining these polymers at different ratios constitute different silicone structures with different physical and chemical properties. The presence of several factors such as trauma, giant retinal tear, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal tear in posterior localization is the main medical indications for the use of silicone oils in the surgery of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Problems associated with the need for a second surgical intervention to remove silicone oil, the emulsification of silicone oil with the problem this emulsification, and the presence of foreign structure in eye globe are the most important conditions limiting the use of silicone oil.

Oxane HD vs silicone oil and scleral buckle in retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and inferior retinal breaks

2008 ◽  
Vol 246 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Boscia ◽  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Nicola Recchimurzo ◽  
Gianluca Besozzi ◽  
Giancarlo Sborgia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Scleral Buckle ◽  
Retinal Breaks ◽  
Oxane Hd

scholarly journals Electrospun nanofibers as support for the healing of intestinal anastomoses

2019 ◽  
pp. S517-S525
Author(s):  
M. Kralovic ◽  
M. Vjaclovsky ◽  
A. Kestlerova ◽  
F. Rustichelli ◽  
J. Hoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Anastomosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Intestinal Anastomoses ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The breakdown of intestinal anastomosis is a serious postsurgical complication. The worst complication is anastomotic leakage, resulting in contaminated peritoneal cavity, sepsis, multi-organ failure and even death. In problematic locations like the rectum, the leakage rate has not yet fallen below 10 %. Such a life-threatening condition is the result of impaired healing in the anastomotic wound. It is still vital to find innovative strategies and techniques in order to support regeneration of the anastomotic wound. This paper reviews the surgical techniques and biomaterials used, tested or published. Electrospun nanofibers are introduced as a novel and potential material in gastrointestinal surgery. Nanofibers possess several, unique, physical and chemical properties, that may effectively stimulate cell proliferation and collagen production; a key requirement for the healed intestinal wound.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Therapy in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: from Bench to Bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxing Zhang ◽  
Sihua Tan ◽  
Jingting Xu ◽  
Tinghuai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Heart Injury ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Hydrogen (H2) is colorless, odorless, and the lightest of gas molecules. Studies in the past ten years have indicated that H2 is extremely important in regulating the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system and metabolic activity. Delivery of H2 by various strategies improves cardiometabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, vascular injury, ischemic or hypertrophic ventricular remodeling, intermittent hypoxia- or heart transplantation-induced heart injury, obesity and diabetes in animal models or in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the physical and chemical properties of H2, and then, the functions of H2 with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms involved in the diseases above. We hope this review will provide the future outlook of H2-based therapies for cardiometabolic disease.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF CHARCOAL PRODUCED FROM REACTION WOOD IN TREES INCLINED DUE TO WIND1

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Matheus Perdigão de Castro Freitas Pereira ◽  
Deborah Nava Soratto ◽  
Ana Carolina Boa ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Holocellulose Content ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT Inclined trees produce reaction wood, whose properties are distinct from normal wood. This situation can affect the production of charcoal. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of charcoal derived from reaction wood in trees of a commercial plantation inclined due to the action of wind. We used six year old wood from a Eucalyptus grandis xEucalyptus urophylla hybrid from plantations located in Minas Gerais. The physical and chemical properties of the wood were determined as well as the gravimetric yield and charcoal properties. According to the results, there were significant differences between the properties of the reaction and normal wood, with the reaction wood having lower levels of lignin and extractives, greater holocellulose content and low specific gravity. However, these characteristics of reaction wood did not significantly affect the properties of its charcoal.

Karakterisasi Sifat Fisik Kimia Biodiesel dari Transesterifikasi Enzimatis dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Emisi Gas Buang

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Ageng Priatni ◽  
Yuni Adiningsih ◽  
Fitriani Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The background of this research is to use of fuel with natural resources and renewable plant-based that can reduce air pollution. This research conducted in order to determine the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel from palm oil and the effect on exhaust gas emission in diesel engines. Biodisel producted by enzymatic transesterification between  methanol and crude palm oil by pseudomonas fluorescens lipase as a catalyst. It’s characterized then blended with petroleum diesel with biodiesel volume ratio 10%:90% petroleum diesel (B10), biodiesel 20%:80%, petroleum diesel (B20) and biodiesel 30%:70%, petroleum diesel (B30) with diesel oil as a comparison (B0 ) is then applied and tested on a diesel engine exhaust gas emissions (SO2,NOX,CO,total particulate matter and opacity). The characterization of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel as follows: specific gravity 0.9068, kinematic viscosity 28.26 mm2/s, 50.5°C flash point , cluod point 18°C, the water content of 0.8% vol, residue carbone 0.941% wt and calorific value 9372.8 Cal/lb. Fuel mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel (B30) leads to a decrease in exhaust emissions of CO by 96.88 % , 18.35% of the total particles and B20 causes a decrease in SO2 emissions by 100 % of petroleum diesel. While a mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel (B30) leads to increase in NO2 emissions by 265.96% and did not give any influence on the opacityABSTRAKLatar belakang penelitian ini adalah penggunaan bahan bakar dengan sumber daya alam nabati yang dapat terbarukan (renewable) dan pengurangan pencemaran udara. Sedangkan tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sifat fisik kimia biodiesel dari CPO dan pengaruhnya terhadap penurunan emisi gas buang pada mesin diesel. Biodiesel diperoleh dengan transesterifikasi enzimatis antara CPO dan Methanol dengan enzim lipase Pseudomonas Fluorescens sebagai katalis. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi dan kemudian dicampur dengan minyak solar dengan perbandingan volume biodiesel 10%: minyak solar 90% (B10), biodiesel 20%:minyak solar 80% (B20) dan biodiesel 30% : minyak solar 70% (B30) dengan minyak solar sebagai pembanding (B00). Aplikasi dilakukan pada mesin diesel dan diuji emisi gas buangnya (SO2, NOX, CO, Total partikel dan Opasitas). Karakterisasi sifat fisik kimia dari biodiesel sebagai berikut : specific gravity 0,9068, kekentalan kinematik 28,26 mm2/s, titik nyala 50,5°C, cluod point 18°C,  Kadar air 0,8%vol, residu karbone 0,941% wt dan calorific value 9372,8 Cal/gr. Bahan bakar campuran antara biodiesel dan minyak solar (B30) menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan emisi gas buang CO sebesar 96,88%, total partikel sebesar 18,35% dan B20 menyebabkan penurunan emisi gas SO2 sebesar 100% dari minyak solar. Campuran antara biodiesel dan minyak solar (B30) menyebabkan terjadinya kenaikan emisi gas NO2 sebesar 265,96% serta tidak memberikan pengaruh apa-apa terhadap opasitas.Kata Kunci : Biodiesel, CPO, Emisi gas Buang, Enzimatis, Mesin Diesel 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of South African Cashew Apple Juice as a Biofuel Feedstock

Scientifica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanie Devi Deenanath ◽  
Karl Rumbold ◽  
Michael Daramola ◽  
Rosemary Falcon ◽  
Sunny Iyuke
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
South African ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cashew Apple Juice ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Cashew apple juice (CAJ) is one of the feedstocks used for biofuel production and ethanol yield depends on the physical and chemical properties of the extracted juice. As far as can be ascertained, information on physical and chemical properties of South African cashew apple juice is limited in open literature. Therefore, this study provides information on the physical and chemical properties of the South African cashew apple juice. Physicochemical characteristics of the juice, such as specific gravity, pH, sugars, condensed tannins, Vitamin C, minerals, and total protein, were measured from a mixed variety of cashew apples. Analytical results showed the CAJ possesses specific gravity and pH of 1.050 and 4.52, respectively. The highest sugars were glucose (40.56 gL−1) and fructose (57.06 gL−1). Other chemical compositions of the juice were condensed tannin (55.34 mgL−1), Vitamin C (112 mg/100 mL), and total protein (1.78 gL−1). The minerals content was as follows: zinc (1.39 ppm), copper (2.18 ppm), magnesium (4.32 ppm), iron (1.32 ppm), sodium (5.44 ppm), and manganese (1.24 ppm). With these findings, South African CAJ is a suitable biomass feedstock for ethanol production.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document